Comparison of seroepidemiology and transmission modes of viral hepatitis B in Iran and Pakistan

Hepatitis Monthly

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 233-238

  Alavian, Seyed Moayed ^a   Fallahian, Farahnaz ^a   Bagheri Lankarani, Kamran ^b  

^a BAQIYATALLAH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Hepatitis B; Iran; Modes of transmission; Pakistan; Prevention; Regional strategy; Seroprevalence

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; EDUCATION; FOLLOW UP; HEPATITIS B; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; IRAN; NONHUMAN; PAKISTAN; PREGNANT WOMAN; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; SEROPREVALENCE; VACCINATION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 84979489703     PISSN: 1735143X     EISSN: 17353408     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat 2004; 11: 97-107.
2. Andre F. Hepatitis B epidemiology in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Vaccine 2000; 18: S20-2.
3. Gish RG, Gadano AC. Chronic hepatitis B: current epidemiology in the Americas and implications for management. J Viral Hepat 2006; 13: 787-98.
4. Goudeau A. Epidemiology and eradication strategy for hepatitis B in Europe. The European Regional Study Group. Vaccine 1990; 8: S113-6.
5. Lee WM. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1733-45.
6. Yassin K, Awad R, Tebi AJ, Queder A, Laaser U. Prevalence and risk factors of HBsAg in Gaza: implications for prevention and control. J Infect 2002; 44: 252-6.
7. el-Sayed HF, Abaza SM, Mehanna S, Winch PJ. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among immigrants to a newly reclaimed area endemic for Schistosoma mansoni in Sinai, Egypt. Acta Tropica 1997; 68: 229-37.
8. Chowdhury A, Santra A, Chaudhuri S, Ghosh A, Banerjee P, Mazumder DN. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the general population: a rural community based study. Trop Gastroenterol 1999; 20: 75-7.
9. Kane M. Global programme for control of hepatitis B infection. Vaccine 1995; 13: S47-9.
10. Abbas Z, Jafri W, Shah SHA, Khokhar N, Zuberi SJ. Members of the consensus panel. PSG consensus statement on management of hepatitis B virus infection-2003. J Pak Med Assoc 2004; 54: 150-8.
11. Abdulla EM, Abdulla FE. Seropositive HBsAg frequency in Karachi and interior Sindh, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2007; 23: 157-60.
12. Khokhar N, Gill ML, Malik GJ. General seroprevalence of hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infections in population. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2004; 14: 534-6.
13. Shaikh MH. Prevalence of HBV markers in health care personals and control. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 1995; 5: 19-21.
14. Chaudhry NT, Khan SJ, Khan TA, Saeed M, Syed M, Iqbal J, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B carriers and blood group frequency in voluntary blood donors. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 1996; 8: 29-32.
15. Rehman K, Khan AA, Haider Z, Shahzad A, Iqbal J, Khan RU, et al. Prevalence of seromarkers of HBV and HCV in health care personnel and apparently healthy blood donors. J Pak Med Assoc 1996; 46: 152-4.
16. Kakepoto GN, Bhally HS, Khaliq G, Kayani N, Burney IA, Siddiqui T, et al. Epidemiology of blood-borne viruses: a study of healthy blood donors in Southern Pakistan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1996; 27: 703-6.
17. Tareen S, Eslick GD, Kam EP, Byles JE, Durrani AB, Maree SM. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among male blood donors in a developing country: urgent need for systematic screening. Scand J Infect Dis 2002; 34: 712-3.
18. Sultan F, Mehmood T, Mahmood MT. Infectious pathogens in volunteer and replacement blood donors in Pakistan: a ten-year experience. Int J Infect Dis 2007; 11: 407-12.
19. Khan TS, Rizvi F. Hepatitis B seropositivity among chronic liver disease patients in Hazara division Pakistan. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2003; 15: 54-5.
20. Tong CY, Khan R, Beeching NJ, Tariq WU, Hart CA, Ahmad N, et al. The occurrence of hepatitis B and C viruses in Pakistani patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiol Infect 1996; 117: 327-32.
21. Khan H. Liver disease pattern in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, Pakistan. Hep Mon 2006; 6: 85-6.
22. Burki MK, Orakzai SA. The prevalence and pattern of liver disease in infants and children in Hazara Division. J Ayub Med Coll Abbotabad 2001; 13: 26-8.
23. Farzadegan H, Shamszad M, Noori-Arya K. Epidemiology of viral hepatitis among Iranian population--a viral marker study. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1980; 9: 144-8.
24. Malekzadeh R, Khatibian M, Rezvan H. Viral hepatitis in the world and Iran. J Irn Med Council 1997; 15: 183-200.
25. Toukan AU. Control of hepatitis B in the Middle East. In: Rizetto M, Purcell RH, Gerin JL, Verme G, eds. Viral hepatitis and liver diseases. Turin: Minerva Medica 1997: 678-80.
26. Amini S, Mahmoodi MF, Andalibi S, Solati AA. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B, delta and human immunodeficiency virus infections in Hamadan province, Iran: a population based study. J Trop Med Hyg 1993; 96: 277-87.
27. Ghavanini AA, Sabri MR. Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C antibodies among blood donors in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2000; 6: 1114-6.
28. Merat S, Malekzadeh R, Rezvan H, Khatibian M. Hepatitis B in Iran. Arch Iranian Med 2000; 3: 162-201.
29. Bagheri Lankarani K, Saberi Froozi M, Nabipoor I, Fattahi F, Sarafrazyazdi M, Malekzadeh R, et al. Reassesment of the role of hepatitis B and C viruses in southern Iran. Iranian J Med Sci 1999; 24: 117-21.
30. Shamszad M, Farzadegan H. Hepatitis B related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Iran. J Irn Med Council 1982; 8: 228.
31. Zali MR, Mohammad K, Noorbala AA, Noorimayer B, Shahraz S. Rate of hepatitis B seropositivity following mass vaccination in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2005; 11: 62-7.
32. Alavian SM. Ministry of Health in Iran is serious about controlling hepatitis B. Hep Mon 2007; 7: 3-5.
33. Akram DS, Maqbool S, Khan DS, Jafri R, Randhawa S, Valenzuela-Silva C, et al. Immunogenicity of a recombinant, yeast-derived, anti-hepatitis-B vaccine after alternative dosage and schedule vaccination in Pakistani children. Vaccine 2005; 23: 5792-7.
34. Ali NS, Jamal K, Qureshi R. Hepatitis B vaccination status and identification of risk factors for hepatitis B in health care workers. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2005; 15: 257-60.
35. Hanif M, Raza J, Qureshi H, Issani Z. Etiology of chronic liver disease in children. J Pak Med Assoc 2004; 54: 119-22.
36. Zuberi SJ. An overview of HBV/HCV in Pakistan. Pak J Med Res 1998; 5: 37.
37. Doganci T, Uysal G, Kir T, Bakirtas A, Kuyucu N, Doganci L. Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus in children with chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 418-20.
38. Jafri W, Jafri N, Yakoob J, Islam M, Tirmizi SF, Jafar T, et al. Hepatitis B and C: prevalence and risk factors associated with seropositivity among children in Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6: 101.
39. Khan AJ, Luby SP, Fikree F, Karim A, Obaid S, Dellawala S, et al. Unsafe injections and the transmission of hepatitis B and C in a periurban community in Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 956-63.
40. Malik IA, Luqman M. A clinico pathological study of viral hepatitis. Pak J Med Res 1987; 26: 4-11.
41. Kabir A, Alavian SM, Ahanchi N, Malekzadeh R. Combined passive and active immunoprophylaxis for preventing perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus in infants born to HBsAg positive mothers in comparison with vaccine alone. Hepatol Res 2006; 36: 265-71.
42. Alizadeh AH, Ranjbar M, Ansari S, Alavian SM, Shalmani HM, Hekmat L, et al. Intra-familial prevalence of hepatitis B virologic markers in HBsAg positive family members in Nahavand, Iran. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 4857-60.
43. Adibi P, Hedayati S, Mohseni M. Attitudes towards premarital screening for hepatitis B virus infection in Iran. J Med Screen 2007; 14: 43-5.
44. Hosseini-Asl SK, Avijgan M, Mohamadnejad M. High prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections in Gypsy population residing in Shahr-e-Kord. Arch Iranian Med 2004; 7: 20-2.
45. Bari A, Akhtar S, Rahbar MH, Luby SP. Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in male adults in Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 732-8.
46. Janjua NZ, Hutin YJ, Akhtar S, Ahmad K. Population beliefs about the efficacy of injections in Pakistan’s Sindh province. Public Health 2006; 120: 824-33.
47. Voelker R. Eradication efforts need needle-free delivery. JAMA 1999; 281: 1879-81.
48. Janjua NZ, Akhtar S, Hutin YJ. Injection use in two districts of Pakistan: implications for disease prevention. Int J Qual Health Care 2005; 17: 401-8.
49. Alizadeh AH, Ranjbar M, Ansari S, MirArab A, Alavian SM, Mohammad K, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B in Nahavand, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2006; 12: 528-37.
50. Kleinman SH, Kuhns MC, Todd DS, Glynn SA, McNamara A, DiMarco A, et al. Frequency of HBV DNA detection in US blood donors testing positive for the presence of anti-HBc: implications for transfusion transmission and donor screening. Transfusion 2003; 43: 696-704.
51. Akhtar S, Younus M, Adil S, Hassan F, Jafri SH. Epidemiologic study of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in male volunteer blood donors in Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Gastroenterol 2005; 5: 26.
52. Sali S, Bashtar R, Alavian SM. Risk factors in chronic hepatitis B infection: a case-control study. Hep Mon 2005; 5: 109-15.
53. Alavian SM, Mostajabi P, Malekzadeh R, Azimi K, Vosoogh H, Sarrafi M, et al. Evaluation of hepatitis B transmission risk factors in Tehran blood donors. Govaresh 2004; 9: 169-75.
54. Vahid T, Alavian SM, Kabir A, Kafaee J, Yektaparast B. Hepatitis B Prevalence and Risk Factors in Blood Donors in Ghazvin, IR.Iran. Hep Mon 2005; 5: 117-22.
55. Mujeeb SA, Khatri Y, Khanani R. Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among operation room personnel. J Hosp Infect 1998; 38: 133-7.
56. Marineau M, Tice AD, Taylor-Garcia D, Akinaka KT, Lusk H, Ona F. Culturally sensitive strategies designed to target the silent epidemic of hepatitis B in a Filipino community. Hawaii Med J 2007; 66: 154-6.
57. Rainey J. An evaluation of a state hepatitis prevention and control program: focus group interviews with clients. Health Promot Pract 2007; 8: 266-72.
58. Nishtar S. The Gateway Paper--proposed health reforms in Pakistan--interface considerations. J Pak Med Assoc 2006; 56: S78-93.