Measuring and understanding behavior, welfare, and poverty

American Economic Review

Volumn 106, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 1221-1243

  Deaton, Angus ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84978832816     PISSN: 00028282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1257/aer.106.6.1221     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Aiyagari, S. Rao. 1994. "Uninsured Idiosyncratic Risk and Aggregate Saving." Quarterly Journal of Economics 109 (3): 659-84.
2. Alkire, Sabina, James Foster, Suman Seth, Maria Emma Santos, José Manuel Roche, and Paola Bellon. 2015. Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3. Allen, Robert C. 2016. "Absolute Poverty: When Necessity Displaces Desire." http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/Oxford-Economic-and-Social-History-Working-Papers/absolute-poverty-whennecessity-displaces-desire (last updated March 2016).
4. Atkin, David. 2013. "Trade, Tastes, and Nutrition in India." American Economic Review 103 (5):1629-63.
5. Attanasio, Orazio P., and Nicola Pavoni. 2011. "Risk Sharing in Private Information Models withAsset Accumulation: Explaining the Excess Smoothness of Consumption." Econometrica 79 (4):1027-68.
6. Attanasio, Orazio P., and Guglielmo Weber. 2010. "Consumption and Saving: Models of Intertemporal Allocation and Their Implications for Public Policy." Journal of Economic Literature 48 (3):693-751.
7. Banks, James, Richard Blundell, and Arthur Lewbel. 1997. "Quadratic Engel Curves and Consumer Demand." Review of Economics and Statistics 79 (4): 527-39.
8. Blundell, Richard. 2014. "Income Dynamics and Life-Cycle Inequality: Mechanisms and Controversies."Economic Journal 124 (576): 289-318.
9. Bosworth, Barry, Gary Burtless, and John Sabelhaus. 1991. "The Decline in Saving: Evidence from Household Surveys." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (1): 183-241.
10. Browning, Martin, Angus Deaton, and Margaret Irish. 1985. "A Profitable Approach to Labor Supply and Commodity Demands over the Life-Cycle." Econometrica 53 (3): 503-43.
11. Campbell, John Y., and Angus Deaton. 1989. "Why Is Consumption So Smooth?" Review of Economic Studies 56 (3): 357-73.
12. Carroll, Christopher D. 1997. "Buffer-Stock Saving and the Life Cycle/Permanent Income Hypothesis."Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (1): 1-55.
13. Carroll, Christopher D., and Lawrence H. Summers. 1991. "Consumption Growth Parallels Income Growth: Some New Evidence." In National Saving and Economic Performance, edited by B. Douglas Bernheim and John B. Shoven. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
14. Chen, Shaohua, and Martin Ravallion. 2010. "The Developing World Is Poorer Than We Thought, but No Less Successful in the Fight against Poverty." Quarterly Journal of Economics 125 (4):1577-625.
15. Christensen, Laurits R., Dale W. Jorgenson, and Lawrence J. Lau. 1975. "Transcendental Logarithmic Utility Functions." American Economic Review 65 (3): 367-83.
16. Coffey, Diane. 2015. "Pregnancy Body Mass and Weight Gain During Pregnancy in India and Sub-Saharan Africa." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 112 (11): 3302-3307.
17. Costa, Dora L. 2001. "Estimating Real Income in the United State from 1988 to 1994: Correcting CPI Bias Using Engel Curves." Journal of Political Economy 109 (6): 1288-1310.
18. Davies, David. 1795. The Case of Labourers in Husbandry Stated and Considered in Three Parts. Bath:Cruttwell for Robinson.
19. Deaton, Angus. 1974a. "A Reconsideration of the Empirical Implications of Additive Preferences."Economic Journal 84 (334): 338-48.
20. Deaton, Angus. 1974b. "The Analysis of Consumer Demand in the United Kingdom, 1900-1970."Econometrica 42 (2): 341-67.
21. Deaton, Angus. 1977. "Involuntary Saving through Unanticipated Inflation." American Economic Review 67 (5): 899-910.
22. Deaton, Angus. 1985. "Panel Data from Time Series of Cross-Sections." Journal of Econometrics 30 (1-2): 109-26.
23. Deaton, Angus. 1987. Life-Cycle Models of Consumption: Is the Evidence Consistent with the Theory?" In Advances in Econometrics: Fifth World Congress, Vol. 2, edited by Truman Bewley, 1221-12248. New York: Cambridge University Press.
24. Deaton, Angus. 1988. "Quality, Quantity, and Spatial Variation of Price." American Economic Review 78 (3): 418-30.
25. Deaton, Angus. 1989a. "Rice Prices and Income Distribution in Thailand: A Non-Parametric Analysis." Economic Journal 99 (395): 1-37.
26. Deaton, Angus. 1989b. "Looking for Boy-Girl Discrimination in Household Expenditure Data." World Bank Economic Review 3 (1): 1-15.
27. Deaton, Angus. 1991. "Saving and Liquidity Constraints." Econometrica 59 (5): 1221-48.
28. Deaton, Angus. 1997. The Analysis of Household Surveys. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
29. Deaton, Angus. 2001. "Counting the World's Poor: Problems and Possible Solutions." World Bank Research Observer 16 (2): 125-47.
30. Deaton, Angus. 2005. "Measuring Poverty in a Growing World (or Measuring Growth in a Poor World)." Review of Economics and Statistics 87 (1): 1-19.
31. Deaton, Angus. 2010. "Price Indexes, Inequality, and the Measurement of World Poverty." American Economic Review 100 (1): 5-34.
32. Deaton, Angus. 2013. The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
33. Deaton, Angus, and Bettina Aten. 2015. "Trying to Understand the PPPS in ICP 2011: Why Are the Results So Different?" National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 20244.
34. Deaton, Angus, and Jean Drèze. 2009. "Food and Nutrition in India: Facts and Interpretations." Economic and Political Weekly 44 (7): 42-65.
35. Deaton, Angus, and Olivier Dupriez. 2011. "Purchasing Power Parity Exchange Rates for the Global Poor." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3 (2): 137-66.
36. Deaton, Angus, and Alan Heston. 2010. "Understanding PPPs and PPP-Based National Accounts." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2 (4): 1-35.
37. Deaton, Angus, and Guy Laroque. 1992. "On the Behaviour of Commodity Prices." Review of Economic Studies 59 (1): 1-23.
38. Deaton, Angus, and John Muellbauer. 1980a. "An Almost Ideal Demand System." American Economic Review 70 (3): 312-26.
39. Deaton, Angus, and John Muellbauer. 1980b. Economics and Consumer Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
40. Deaton, Angus, and John Muellbauer. 1986. "On Measuring Child Costs: With Applications to Poor Countries." Journal of Political Economy 94 (4): 720-44.
41. Deaton, Angus, and Christina Paxson. 1994. "Intertemporal Choice and Inequality." Journal of Political Economy 102 (3): 437-67.
42. Deaton, Angus, and Christina Paxson. 1997. "The Effects of Economic and Population Growth on National Saving and Inequality." Demography 34 (1): 97-114.
43. Deaton, Angus, and Christina Paxson. 1998. "Economies of Scale, Household Size, and the Demand for Food." Journal of Political Economy 106 (5): 897-930.
44. Deaton, Angus, and Christina Paxson. 2000. "Growth and Saving among Individuals and Households." Review of Economics and Statistics 82 (2): 2012-25.
45. Diewert, W. Erwin. 1971. "An Application of the Shephard Duality Theorem: A Generalized Leontief Production Function." Journal of Political Economy 79 (3): 481-507.
46. Diewert, W. Erwin. 1974. "Applications of Duality Theory." In Frontiers of Quantitative Economics, Vol. 2, edited by M. Intriligator and D. Kendrick, 106-71. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
47. Ducpetiaux, Édouard. 1855. Budgets économiques des classes ouvriéres en Belgique, subsistances, salaires, population. Brussels: Commission Centrale de Statistique.
48. Eden, Frederick Morton. 1797. The State of the Poor or, an History of the Laboring Classes in England, from the Conquest to the Present Period. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
49. Engel, Ernst. 1857. "Die productions- und consumtionverhältnisse des Königreiches Sachsen." Reprinted with Engel, 1895.
50. Engel, Ernst. 1895. "Die Lebenskosten belgischer Arbeiter-Familien früher und jetzt." International Statistical Institute Bulletin 9 (1): 1-124.
51. Engels, Friedrich. 1845. Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England. Leipzig: Wigand. (English translation: New York, 1887).
52. Ferreira, Francisco H. G, Shaohua Chen, Andrew Dabalen et al. 2015. "A Global Count of the Extreme Poor in 2012: Data Issues, Methodology and Initial Results." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 7432.
53. Flavin, Marjorie A. 1981. "The Adjustment of Consumption to Changing Expectations About Future Income." Journal of Political Economy 89 (5): 974-1009.
54. Frisch, Ragnar. 1932. New Methods of Measuring Marginal Utility. Tubingen: J. C. B. Mohr.
55. Fulford, Scott L. 2013. "The Effects of Financial Development in the Short and Long Run: Theory and Evidence from India." Journal of Development Economics 104 (0): 56-72.
56. Fuller, Wayne A. 1987. Measurement Error Models. New York: Wiley.
57. Geary, R. C. 1950. "A Note on a 'Constant-Utility Index of the Cost of Living'." Review of Economic Studies 18 (1): 65-66.
58. Ghez, Gilbert R., and Gary S. Becker. 1975. The Allocation of Time and Goods over the Life Cycle. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc.
59. Goldfeld, Stephen M, Richard E. Quandt, and Hale F. Trotter. 1966. "Maximization by Quadratic Hill-Climbing." Econometrica 34 (3): 541-51.
60. Gorman, William M. 1953. "Community Preference Fields." Econometrica 21: 63-80.
61. Gorman, William M. 1959. "Separable Utility and Aggregation." Econometrica 27: 469-81.
62. Gorman, William M. 1968. "The Structure of Utility Functions." Review of Economic Studies 35: 367-90.
63. Government of India. 2014. Report of The Expert Group to Review the Methodology for Measurement of Poverty. Planning Commission, June.
64. Gustafson, Robert L. 1958. Carryover Levels for Grains. US Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1178.
65. Guvenen, Fatih, Fatih Karahan, Serdar Ozkan, and Jae Song. 2015. "What Do Data on Millions of U.S. Workers Reveal About Life-Cycle Earnings Risk?." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 20913.
66. Hall, Robert E. 1978. "Stochastic Implications of the Life Cycle-Permanent Income Hypothesis: Theory and Evidence." Journal of Political Economy 86 (6): 971-87.
67. Hamilton, Bruce W. 2001. "Using Engel's Law to Estimate CPI Bias." American Economic Review 91 (3): 619-30.
68. Heathcote, Jonathan, Kjetil Storesletten, and Giovanni L. Violante. 2009. "Quantitative Macroeconomics with Heterogeneous Households." Annual Review of Economics 1 (1): 319-54.
69. Heckman, James J. 1971. "Three Essays on the Supply of Labor and the Demand for Market Goods." PhD diss. Princeton University.
70. Houthakker, Hedrik S. 1955. "The Pareto Distribution and the Cobb-Douglas Production Function in Activity Analysis." Review of Economic Studies 23 (1): 27-31.
71. Inklaar, Robert, and D. S. Prasada Rao. 2014. "Cross-Country Income Levels Over Time: Did the Developing World Suddenly Become Much Richer?" Groningen Growth and Development Center Research Memorandum 151.
72. Kaplan, Greg, Benjamin Moll, and Giovanni L. Violante. 2016. "Monetary policy according to HANK." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 21897.
73. Kaplan, Greg, Giovanni L. Violante, and Justin Weidner. 2014. "The Wealthy Hand-to-Mouth." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (1): 77-138.
74. Klein, L. R., and H. Rubin. 1948. "A Constant-Utility Index of the Cost of Living." Review of Economic Studies 15 (2): 84-87.
75. Koskela, Erkki, and Matti Virén. 1982. "Saving and Inflation: Some International Evidence." Economics Letters 9 (4): 337-44.
76. Kotlikoff, Laurence J., and Lawrence H. Summers. 1981. "The Role of Intergenerational Transfers in Aggregate Capital Accumulation." Journal of Political Economy 89 (4): 706-32.
77. Kravis, Irving B., Alan W. Heston, and Robert Summers. 1978. "Real GDP per Capita for More than One Hundred Countries." Economic Journal 88 (350): 215-42.
78. Krusell, Per, and Anthony A. Smith, Jr. 1998. "Income and Wealth Heterogeneity in the Macroeconomy." Journal of Political Economy 106 (5): 867-96.
79. Lucas, Robert E., Jr. 2003. "Macroeconomic Priorities." American Economic Review 93 (1): 1-14.
80. MaCurdy, Thomas E. 1981. "An Empirical Model of Labor Supply in a Life-Cycle Setting." Journal of Political Economy 89 (6): 1059-85.
81. Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra. 1946. "Recent Experiments in Statistical Sampling in the Indian Statistical Institute." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 109 (Series A): 326-70.
82. Marquardt, Donald W. 1963. "An Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation of Nonlinear Parameters." Journal of the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics 11 (2): 431-41.
83. McCarthy, Paul. 2013. Extrapolating PPPs and Comparing ICP Benchmark Results." In Measuring the Real Size of the World Economy, Chapter 18. Washington, DC: World Bank.
84. McFadden, Daniel. 1978. "Duality of Production, Cost, and Profit Functions." In Production Economics: a Dual Approach to Theory and Applications, edited by Mel A. Fuss and Daniel McFadden, 3-109. Amsterdam: North Holland.
85. McFadden, Daniel. 2014. "The New Science of Pleasure: Consumer Choice Behavior and the Measurement of Well-Being." In Handbook of Choice Modeling, edited by Stephane Hess and Andrew Daly, 7-48. Elgar.
86. Milanovic, Branko. 2007. Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
87. Minhas, Bagicha S. 1988. "Validation of Large-Scale Sample Survey Data: Case of NSS Estimates of Household Consumption Expenditure." Sankhyā: the Indian Journal of Statistics 50 Series B (3Supplement): 1-63.
88. Modigliani, Franco. 1970. "The Life-Cycle Hypothesis and Intercountry Differences in the Saving Ratio." In Induction, Growth and Trade: Essays in Honour of Sir Roy Harrod, edited by W. A. Eltis, M. FG. Scott, and J. N. Wolfe. 197-225. Oxford. Oxford University Press.
89. Modigliani, Franco, and Richard H. Brumberg. 1955a. "Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: An Interpretation of Cross-Section Data." In Post-Keynesian Economics, edited by Kenneth K. Kurihara, 388-436. London: George Allen and Unwin.
90. Modigliani, Franco, and Richard H. Brumberg. 1955b. "Utility Analysis and Aggregate Consumption Functions: An Attempt at Integration." In The Collected Papers of Franco Modigliani: Volume 2, The Life-cycle Hypothesis of Saving, edited by Andrew Abel, 128-97. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990.
91. Muellbauer, John. 1975. "Aggregation, Income Distribution and Consumer Demand." Review of Economic Studies 42 (4): 525-43.
92. Newbery, David M. G., and Joseph E. Stiglitz. 1981. Theory of Commodity Price Stabilization: Study in the Economics of Risk. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
93. Neyman, Jerzy. 1934. "On the Two Different Aspects of the Representative Method: The Method of Stratified Sampling, and the Method of Purposive Selection." Journal of the Royal Statistical Association 97: 558-625.
94. Nicholson, J. Leonard. 1976. "Appraisal of Different Methods of Estimating Equivalence Scales and Their Results." Review of Income and Wealth 22: 1-11.
95. Paxson, Christina. 1996. "Saving and Growth: Evidence from Micro Data." European Economic Review 40(2): 255-88.
96. Pigou, Arthur Cecil. 1910. "A Method of Determining the Numerical Value of Elasticities of Demand." Economic Journal 20 (80): 636-40.
97. Pischke, Jörn-Steffen. 1995. "Individual Income, Incomplete Information, and Aggregate Consumption."Econometrica 63(4): 805-40.
98. Pollak, Robert A., and Terence J. Wales. 1979. "Welfare Comparisons and Equivalence Scales." American Economic Review 69(2): 216-21.
99. Prais, Sigbert J., and Hendrik S. Houthakker. 1956. The Analysis of Family Budgets. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
100. Rothbarth, Erwin. 1943. "Note on a Method of Determining Equivalent Income for Families of Different Composition." In War-time Pattern of Saving and Spending, edited by Charles Madge, Appendix 4. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
101. Samuelson, Paul A. 1947-1948. "Some Implications of 'Linearity'." Review of Economic Studies 15 (2): 88-90.
102. Samuelson, Paul A. 2004. "The First Fifteen Nobel Laureates in Economics, and Fifteen More Might-Have-Beens." In Nobel Economists, edited by Peter Badge. Foundation Lindau Nobel Laureates Meetings.
103. Sen, Amartya K. 1989. "Women's Survival as a Development Problem." Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 43 (2): 14-29.
104. Seng, You Poh. 1951. "Historical Survey of the Development of Sampling Theories and Practice." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 114 Series A (2): 214-31.
105. Schechtman, Jack. 1976. "An Income Fluctuation Problem." Journal of Economic Theory 12 (2): 218-41.
106. Schechtman, Jack, and Vera L. S. Escudero. 1977. "Some Results on 'an Income Fluctuation Problem'." Journal of Economic Theory 16 (2): 151-66.
107. Smith, T. M. Fred. 1976. "The Foundations of Survey Sampling: A Review." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 139 (2): 183-204.
108. Stigler, George J. 1954. "The Early History of Empirical Studies of Consumer Behavior." Journal of Political Economy 62(2): 95-113.
109. Stone, Richard. 1954. "Linear Expenditure Systems and Demand Analysis: An Application to the Pattern of British Demand." Economic Journal 64 (255): 511-27.
110. Stone, Richard, and Alan Brown. 1962. A Computable Model of Economic Growth: A Programme for Growth. Vol. 1. London: Chapman and Hall.
111. Summers, Robert, and Alan Heston. 1991. "The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1988." Quarterly Journal of Economics 106(2): 327-68.
112. Villermé, Louis-René. 1830. "De la mortalité dans les divers quartiers de la ville de Paris, et des causes qui la rendent très différente dans plusiers d'entre aux, ansi que les divers quartiers de beaucoup de grandes villes." Annales d'Hygiéne Publique et de Médecine Légale 3: 294-341.
113. Visaria, Pravin. 2000. "Poverty in India during 1994-98: Alternative Estimates." Institute for Economic Growth, New Delhi.
114. World Bank. 1990. World Development Report: Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.
115. World Bank. 2016. PovcalNet: an online analysis tool for global poverty monitoring. http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/ (accessed, January 20, 2016).
116. Zeldes, Stephen P. 1989. "Optimal Consumption with Stochastic Income: Deviations from CertaintyEquivalence." Quarterly Journal of Economics 104 (2): 275-98.