Energy-Related Catalysis: Fuel Cells

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

Volumn 4-5, Issue , 2008, Pages 2090-2111

  Vielstich, W ^a   Iwasita, T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ammonia synthesis; Chemical reactions; Chromophoric electron system; Nitrogen; Oxidation

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL REACTIONS; NITROGEN; OXIDATION;

AMMONIA SYNTHESIS; ELECTRON SYSTEMS;

FUEL CELLS;

EID: 84978766130     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527619474.ch14c     Document Type: Chapter

References (119)

1. B. Hanney (Ed.), Treatise on Solid State Chemistry, Plenum Press, New York, 1976, Vol. 6B, p. 265.
2. E. Justi, A. Winsel, Kalte Verbrennung-Fuel Cells, Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden, 1962.
3. J. Heitbaum, W. Vielstich, Angew. Chem. 1974, 13, 683.
4. J. Clavilier, A. Rodes, M. A. Zamakhchari, J. Cim. Phys. 1991, 88, 1291.
5. M. Peuckert, F. P. Coenen, H. P. Bonzel, Electrochim. Acta, 1984, 29, 1305.
6. R. Dalbeck, H. W. Buschmann, W. Vielstich, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1994, 369, 233.
7. M. W. Breiter, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1986, 214, 547.
8. W. Vielstich in The Electrocatalysis of Fuel Cell Reactions, (Eds: W. E. O'Grady, S. Srinivasan, R. F. Dudley), 1979, Vol. 79-2, p. 67.
9. H. Böhm, F. Pohl, 3rd International Fuel Cell Symposium, Bruxelles 1969, Presses Académiques Européennes, Bruxelles 1969, p. 183.
10. P. Stonehart, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 913.
11. P. Stonehart, US Patent 4407 906 1983.
12. S. Gottesfeld, J. Paftord. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1988, 135. 2651.
13. W. Vielstich, Fuel Cells, Wiley, New York, 1970, p. 62.
14. P. Fischer, J. Heitbaum, W. Vielstich, Chem. Ing. Tech. 1980, 52, 423.
15. E. Yeager, Electrochim. Acta, 1984, 29, 1527.
16. J. L. Gland, B. A. Sexton, G. B. Fisher, Surf. Sci. 1980, 95, 587.
17. J. P. Collman, M. Marrocco, P. Denisovich, C. Koval, F. Anson, J. Electroanal Chem. 1979, 101, 117.
18. H. Y. Liu, M. Weaver, C. Wang, C. Chang, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1983, 145, 439.
19. R. Jasinski, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1965, 122, 526.
20. M. Behret, W. Clauberg, S. Sandstede, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 54.
21. V. S. Bagotzky, M. Tarasevich, K. Radysishkina, O. Levina, S. Andrisyova, J. Power Sources, 1977, 2, 233.
22. M. Watanabe, S. Motoo, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1975, 60, 275; 1976, 69, 429.
23. J. Garche, W. Vielstich, M. Waidhas, in Proceedings of the Ulmer Elektrochemische Tage, (Eds: J. Garche, D. M. Kolb, W. Witschel) Universitätsverlag Ulm, 1994, p. 178.
24. K. Wiesener, et al., Mat. Chem Phys. 1989, 22, 457-475.
25. H. G. Petrow, R. G. Allen, US Patent 3 992 331 1976.
26. H. G. Petrow, R. G. Allen, US Patent 3 992 512 1976.
27. K. Kinoshita P. Stonehart, in Modern Aspects of Electro-chemistry, Plenum Press, New York, 1977, Vol. 12, p. 183.
28. M. Watanabe, H. Sei, P. Stonehart, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989, 261, 375.
29. V. M. Jalan, US Patent 4202 934, 1978.
30. L. Borodovsky, J. G. Beery, M. Paffett, Nuclear Instrumentations and Methods in Physics Research, 1987.
31. D. A. Landsman, F. J. Luczak, US Patent 4 316 944 1980.
32. F. J. Luczak, D. A. Landsman, US Patent 4 677092 1985.
33. D. A. Landsman, F. J. Luczak, US Patent 4 880 711 1988.
34. J. S. Buchanan, L. Keck, J. Lee, G. A. Hards, N. Scholey, First International Fuel Cell Workshop, (Eds.: M. Wata-nabe, P. Stonehart) Tokyo, 1989, p. 29.
35. A. Winsel, Galvanische Elemente, Brennstoffzellen in Ullmann s Encycl. Ind. Chem. 4th ed. 1981, Vol. 12, p. 113.
36. K. Strasser, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 922.
37. K. Tomantschger, F. McClusky, L. Oporto, A. Reich, K. V. Kordesch, J. Power Sources, 1986, 18, 317.
38. K. V. Kordesch, US Patent 3 310977 1967.
39. K. V. Kordesch, S. Jahangir, M. Schautz, Electrochim. Acta 1984, 29, 1589.
40. K. V. Kordesch, US Patent 3 405 010 1968.
41. K. Kordesch, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 902.
42. E. J. Taylor, E. B. Anderson, N. R. K. Vilambi, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1992, 139, L45.
43. A. B. LaConti, S. Sarangapani, J. A. Kosek, J. Forchione, Proceedings of the 36th Power Sources Conference, US Army Signal Corps, Red City, NJ, 1994, p. 298.
44. K. Strasser, Conf. Proc. Underwater Defence Technology 1994, 5.-7.07.94, NEXUS Business Communications, London, UK.
45. M. Wakizoe, O. A. Velev, S. Srinivasan, Electrochim. Acta, 1995, 40, 335.
46. K. Ledjeff, A. Heinzei, F. Mahlendorf, V. Peinecke, DECHEMA Monographien 1993, 128, 103.
47. S. Surampudi, S. R. Narayanan, E. Vamos, H. Frank, G. Halpert, A. LaConti, J. Kosek, G. K. Surya Prakash, G. A. Olah, J. Power Sources, 1994, 47, 111.
48. A. Capon, R. Parsons, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1973, 45, 205.
49. E. Ticanelli, J. G. Beery, M. T. Paffet, S. Gottesfeld, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989, 258, 61.
50. S. Hadzi-Jordanov, H. Angerstein-Kozlowska, M. Yukovic, B. E. Conway, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1978, 125, 1471.
51. M. Krausa, T. Iwasita, W. Vielstich, DECHEMA-Monographie "On the Electrocatalysis of Methanol Oxidation in Fuel Cells" 1993, 128, 161; J. Electroanal. Chem. 1994, 379, 307.
52. V. Solis, T. Iwasita, A. Pavese, W. Vielstich, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1988, 255, 155.
53. V. S. Bagotzky, Yu. B. Vassiliev, O. K. Khazova, J. Elec-troanal. Chem. 1977, 81, 229.
54. T. Iwasita, W. Vielstich, in Advances in Electrochem. Sci. and Engn., (Eds: H. Gerischer C. W. Tobias), VCH, Weinheim, 1990 Vol. 1, p. 127.
55. S. Wilhelm, T. Iwasita, W. Vielstich, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1987, 238, 383.
56. T. Iwasita, W. Vielstich, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1986, 201, 403.
57. V. S. Entina, O. A. Petri, Elektrokhimiya 1968, 4, 678.
58. H. Binder, A. Köhling, G. Sandstede in From Electrocatalysis to Fuel Cells (Ed.: G. Sandstede), University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1972, pp. 43-58.
59. T. Iwasita, B. Rasch, E. Cattaneo, W. Vielstich, Electrochim. Acta, 1989, 34, 1073.
60. L.-W. H. Leung, M. J. Weaver, J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 4019.
61. L-W. H. Leung, S. C. Chang, M. J. Weaver, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989, 266, 317.
62. T. Iwasita, E. Pastor, Electrochim. Acta, 1994, 39, 531.
63. R. A. Hess, Ch. C. Liang, US Patent 3 340097, 1967, (applied in 1964).
64. H. A. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P. N. Ross, Jr., E. J. Cairns, Electrochim. Acta. 1994, 39, 1825.
65. M. Watanabe, S. Motoo, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1975, 60, 267.
66. P. K. Shen, A. C. C. Tseung, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994, 141, 3082.
67. A. K. Shukla, M. K. Ravikumar, A. S. Ariko, G. Candiano, V. Atonucci, N. Giordano, A. Hamnett, J. Appl. Electrochem. 1995, 25, 528.
68. V. C. Entina, O. A. Petri, Y. N. Shitnev, Elektrokhimiya, 1967, 3, 344.
69. M. Watanabe, M. Uchida, S. Motoo, Extended Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, San Diego 1986, Abstr. No. 339, p. 494, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1987, 229, 395.
70. H. A. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P. N. Ross, E. J. Cairns, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994, 141, 1795.
71. G. Fuyun X. H. Xia, T. Iwasita, W. Vielstich, unpublished results.
72. J. Clavilier, R. Parsons, R. Durand, C. Lamy, J. M. Leger, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1981, 124, 321.
73. R. R. Adzic, A. V. Tripkovic, W. E. O'Grady, Nature, 1982, 296, 137.
74. T. Biegler, Aust. J. Chem. 1913, 26, 2571.
75. T. Iwasita, X. Xia, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1996, 411, 95.
76. J. Clavilier, C. Lamy, J. M. Leger, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1981, 125, 249.
77. X. H. Xia, T. Iwasita, F. Ge, W. Vielstich, Electrochim. Acta. 1996, 711.
78. E. Herrero, K. Franaszczuk, A. Wiecskowski, J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 5074.
79. S.-C. Chang, L.-W. H. Leung, M. J. Weaver, J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 6013.
80. S. Motoo, N. Furuya, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 457.
81. G. Horany, ISE-Meeting, Porto, 1994.
82. R. M. Cervino, A. J. Arvia, W. Vielstich, Surf. Sci., 1985, 154, 623.
83. B. Bittins-Cattaneo, E. Santos, W. Vielstich, Electrochim. Acta 1986, 31, 1495.
84. D. M. Kolb in Adv. Electrochem. a. Electrochem Engn, Eds: H. Gerischer, C. W. Tobias Wiley, New York, 1978, Vol. 11, p. 125.
85. M. Watanabe, S. Motoo, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1977, 78, 243.
86. R. R. Adzic, Proc. Symp. Electrocatal. 1982, 82, 309.
87. E. Herrero, K. Franaszczuk, A. Wiecskowski, J. Electro-anal. Chem. 1993, 361, 269.
88. B. Bittins-Cattaneo T. Iwasita, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1987, 238, 151.
89. E. Schwarzer, W. Vielstich, Chem. Ing. Techn. 1973, 45, 201.
90. X. Xia, T. Iwasita, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1993, 140, 2559.
91. A. Castro-Luna, T. Iwasita, W. Vielstich, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1985, 196, 301.
92. A. Fernandez-Vega, J. M. Feliu, A. Aldaz, J. Clavilier, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989, 258, 101.
93. E. P. M. Levia, T. Iwasita, subm. to Langmuir.
94. M. Angerstein-Kozlowska, B. McDougall, B. E. Conway, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1973, 122, 756.
95. M. J. Llorca, E. Herrero, J. M. Feliu, A. Aldaz, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1994, 373, 217.
96. A. Femandez-Vega, J. M. Feliu, A. Aldaz, J. Clavilier, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989, 258, 89; 1989, 305, 229.
97. E. Herrero, A. Femandez-Vega, J. M. Feliu, A. Aldaz, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1993, 350, 73.
98. P. G. Ang, A. F. Sammells, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1980, 127, 1287.
99. J. Jewulski, L. Suski, J. App. Electrochem. 1984, 14, 135.
100. Third International Symposium on Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, The Electrochemical Society Pennington, NJ, 1993.
101. I. Uchida, Y. Mugikura, T. Nishina K. Itaya, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1986, 209, 125.
102. G. L. Lee, J. R. Selman, J. App. Electrochem. 1992.
103. J. R. Selman, in Fuel Cell Systems, (Eds: L. J. M. J. Blomen, K. Mugerwa), Plenum, New York, 1993.
104. L. G. Marianowski et al., US Patent 4247604 1981.
105. J. R. Selman, T. D. Claar, ECS Symposium Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, May 9-14, 1982, Montreal.
106. A. Hammou, in Advanc. in Electrochem. Sci. and Engn., (Eds: H. Gerischer, C. W. Tobias), VCH, Weinheim, 1992, Vol. 2, pp. 88-139.
107. B. C. H. Steele, J. Power Sources, 1994, 49, 1.
108. B. A. van Hassel, B. A. Boukamp, A. J. Burggraaf, Solid State Ionics, 1991, 48, 139.
109. O. J. Velie, T. Norby, P. Kofstad, Solid State Ionics 1991, 47, 161.
110. T. Setoguchi, K. Okamofo, K. Eguchi, H. Arai, J. Elec-trochem. Soc. 1992, 139, 2875.
111. J. Divisek, private comm.
112. T. Takahashi, H. Iwahara, Energy Corner. 1971, 11, 359.
113. H. Yahiro, Y. Eguchi, H. Arai, J. App. Electrochem. 1988, 18, 527.
114. H. Iwahara, H. Uchida, K. Morimoto, S. Hosogi, J. App. Electrochem. 1989, 19, 448.
115. N. Q. Minh, C. R. Horne, F. Lin, P. R. Staszak, in Proc. Sympos. SOFC, (Ed.: S. C. Singhal), Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1989, Vol. 89-11, pp. 307-316.
116. M. Watanabe, H. Uchida, M. Shibata, N. Mochizuki, and K. Amikura, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994, 141, 342.
117. T. Takahashi, H. Iwahara, I. Ito, Denki Kagaku, 1970, 38, 509.
118. J. Divisek, L. G. J. de Haart, P. Holtappels, T. Lennartz, W. Mallener, U. Stimming, K. Wippermann, J. Power Sources, 1994, 49, 257.
119. O. Yamamoto, Y. Takeda, R. Kanno, M. Noda, in Sci. a. Techn. of Zirconio, Adv. in Ceramics, (Eds: S. Somiya, N. Yamamoto, H. Yanagida), The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH 1986, Vol. 24B, pp. 829-835.