Sources of bias and variability in long-term Landsat time series over Canadian boreal forests

Remote Sensing of Environment

Volumn 177, Issue , 2016, Pages 206-219

  Sulla Menashe, Damien ^a   Friedl, Mark A ^a   Woodcock, Curtis E ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Calibration; EVI; Landsat; NDVI; Time series analysis

Indexed keywords

ADVANCED VERY HIGH RESOLUTION RADIOMETERS (AVHRR); CALIBRATION; CHEMICAL DETECTION; CLIMATE CHANGE; FORESTRY; HARMONIC ANALYSIS; INFRARED DEVICES; PIXELS; RADIOMETRY; REFLECTION; VEGETATION;

BOREAL FORESTS; CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST; ENHANCED THEMATIC MAPPER PLUS (ETM+); ENHANCED VEGETATION INDEX; LANDSAT; NDVI; NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; SPECTRAL VEGETATION INDICES;

TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

AVHRR; BOREAL FOREST; CALIBRATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; ERROR ANALYSIS; LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; LONG-TERM CHANGE; NDVI; PIXEL; RADIOMETER; REFLECTANCE; SENSOR; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

CANADA;

EID: 84978477162     PISSN: 00344257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.041     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Alcaraz-Segura, D., Chuvieco, E., Epstein, H.E., Kasischke, E.S., Trishchenko, A.P., Debating the greening vs. browning of the North American boreal forest: Differences between satellite datasets. Global Change Biology 16 (2010), 760–770, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01956.x.
2. Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M.,.. Cobb, N., A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management 259 (2010), 660–684, 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001.
3. Amiro, B.D., Stocks, B.J., Alexander, M.E., Flannigan, M.D., Wotton, B.M., Fire, climate change, carbon and fuel management in the Canadian boreal forest. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 10, 2001, 405, 10.1071/WF01038.
4. 2 uptake enhancement induced by warmer springs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (2005), 10823–10827.
5. Anisimov, O., Permafrost distribution in the Northern Hemisphere under scenarios of climatic change. Global and Planetary Change 14 (1996), 59–72, 10.1016/0921-8181(96)00002-1.
6. Arvidson, T., Goward, S., Gasch, J., Williams, D., Landsat-7 long-term acquisition plan. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 72 (2006), 1137–1146.
7. Baccini, A., Goetz, S.J., Walker, W.S., Laporte, N.T., Sun, M., Sulla-Menashe, D.,.. Houghton, R.A., Estimated carbon dioxide emissions from tropical deforestation improved by carbon-density maps. Nature Climate Change 2 (2012), 1–4, 10.1038/nclimate1354.
8. Beck, P.S.A., Goetz, S.J., Satellite observations of high northern latitude vegetation productivity changes between 1982 and 2008: ecological variability and regional differences. Environmental Research Letters, 6, 2011, 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045501.
9. Bi, J., Xu, L., Samanta, A., Zhu, Z., Myneni, R., Divergent arctic-boreal vegetation changes between north america and eurasia over the past 30 years. Remote Sensing 5 (2013), 2093–2112, 10.3390/rs5052093.
10. Bonan, G.B., Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science 320 (2008), 1444–1449, 10.1126/science.1155121.
11. Brandt, J.P., The extent of the North American boreal zone. Environmental Reviews 17 (2009), 101–161, 10.1139/A09-004.
12. Bronaugh, D., Werner, A., zyp: Zhang + Yue–Pilon trends package. 2013 URL: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=zyp r package version 0.9-3.
13. Chander, G., Markham, B.L., Helder, D.L., Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors. Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (2009), 893–903, 10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007.
14. Cihlar, J., Manak, D., D'Iorio, M., Evaluation of compositing algorithms for AVHRR data over land. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 32 (1994), 427–437.
15. Cohen, W.B., Spies, T.A., Estimating structural attributes of Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest stands from Landsat and SPOT imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 41 (1992), 1–17.
16. Czerwinski, C.J., King, D.J., Mitchell, S.W., Mapping forest growth and decline in a temperate mixed forest using temporal trend analysis of Landsat imagery, 1987–2010. Remote Sensing of Environment 141 (2014), 188–200, 10.1016/j.rse.2013.11.006.
17. Danaher, T., Wu, X., Campbell, N., Bi-directional reflectance distribution function approaches to radiometric calibration of Landsat ETM+ imagery. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2001. IGARSS ’01. IEEE 2001 International, 6, 2001, 2654–2657.
18. Flannigan, M.D., Logan, K.A., Amiro, B.D., Skinner, W.R., Stocks, B.J., Future area burned in Canada. Climatic Change 72 (2005), 1–16, 10.1007/s10584-005-5935-y.
19. Flood, N., Testing the local applicability of MODIS BRDF parameters for correcting Landsat TM imagery. Remote Sensing Letters 4 (2013), 793–802, 10.1080/2150704X.2013.798709.
20. Fontana, F.M.A., Coops, N.C., Khlopenkov, K.V., Trishchenko, A.P., Riffler, M., Wulder, M.A., Generation of a novel 1km NDVI data set over Canada, the northern United States, and Greenland based on historical AVHRR data. Remote Sensing of Environment 121 (2012), 171–185, 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.007.
21. Fraser, R.H., Olthof, I., Carrière, M., Deschamps, A., Pouliot, D., Detecting long-term changes to vegetation in northern Canada using the Landsat satellite image archive. Environmental Research Letters, 6, 2011, 045502, 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045502.
22. Gao, F., Jin, Y., Schaaf, C.B., Strahler, A.H., Bidirectional NDVI and atmospherically resistant BRDF inversion for vegetation canopy. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 40 (2002), 1269–1278, 10.1109/TGRS.2002.800241.
23. Goetz, S.J., Bunn, A.G., Fiske, G.J., Houghton, R.A., Satellite-observed photosynthetic trends across boreal North America associated with climate and fire disturbance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (2005), 13521–13525, 10.1073/pnas.0506179102.
24. de Groot, W.J., Flannigan, M.D., Cantin, A.S., Climate change impacts on future boreal fire regimes. Forest Ecology and Management 294 (2013), 35–44, 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.027.
25. Guay, K.C., Beck, P.S.A., Berner, L.T., Goetz, S.J., Baccini, A., Buermann, W., Vegetation productivity patterns at high northern latitudes: a multi-sensor satellite data assessment. Global Change Biology 20 (2014), 2147–2158, 10.1111/gcb.12647.
26. Gutman, G.G., On the use of long-term global data of land reflectances and vegetation indices derived from the advanced very high resolution radiometer. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984–2012) 104 (1999), 6241–6255.
27. Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Lo, K., Lea, D.W., Medina-Elizade, M., Global temperature change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 (2006), 14288–14293, 10.1073/pnas.0606291103.
28. Hansen, M.C., Roy, D.P., Lindquist, E., Adusei, B., Justice, C.O., Altstatt, A., A method for integrating MODIS and Landsat data for systematic monitoring of forest cover and change in the Congo Basin. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (2008), 2495–2513, 10.1016/j.rse.2007.11.012.
29. Holben, B.N., Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from temporal AVHRR data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 7 (1986), 1417–1434, 10.1080/01431168608948945.
30. Holden, C., Yet another time series model (yatsm): v0.4.0. 2015, 10.5281/zenodo.17129.
31. Huete, A., Didan, K., Miura, T., Rodriguez, E.P., Gao, X., Ferreira, L.G., Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices. Remote Sensing of Environment 83 (2002), 195–213.
32. Irons, J.R., Dwyer, J.L., Barsi, J.A., The next Landsat satellite: The Landsat Data Continuity Mission. Remote Sensing of Environment 122 (2012), 11–21, 10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.026.
33. Jeganathan, C., Dash, J., Atkinson, P.M., Remotely sensed trends in the phenology of northern high latitude terrestrial vegetation, controlling for land cover change and vegetation type. Remote Sensing of Environment 143 (2014), 154–170, 10.1016/j.rse.2013.11.020.
34. Ji, L., Wylie, B.K., Nossov, D.R., Peterson, B., Waldrop, M.P., McFarland, J.W.,.. Hollingsworth, T.N., Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 18 (2012), 451–461, 10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019.
35. Jones, E., Oliphant, T., Peterson, P., et al. SciPy: Open source scientific tools for Python. 2001 URL: http://www.scipy.org/ (Online; accessed 2014-11-21).
36. Ju, J., Roy, D.P., The availability of cloud-free Landsat ETM+ data over the conterminous United States and globally. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (2008), 1196–1211, 10.1016/j.rse.2007.08.011.
37. Ju, J., Roy, D.P., Vermote, E., Masek, J., Kovalskyy, V., Continental-scale validation of MODIS-based and LEDAPS Landsat ETM+ atmospheric correction methods. Remote Sensing of Environment 122 (2012), 175–184, 10.1016/j.rse.2011.12.025.
38. Kennedy, R.E., Yang, Z., Cohen, W.B., Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 1. LandTrendr — Temporal segmentation algorithms. Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (2010), 2897–2910, 10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.008.
39. Kim, Y., Kimball, J.S., Zhang, K., McDonald, K.C., Satellite detection of increasing Northern Hemisphere non-frozen seasons from 1979 to 2008: Implications for regional vegetation growth. Remote Sensing of Environment 121 (2012), 472–487, 10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.014.
40. Lee, D.S., Storey, J.C., Choate, M.J., Hayes, R.W., Four years of Landsat-7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 42 (2004), 2786–2795, 10.1109/TGRS.2004.836769.
41. Li, X., Strahler, A.H., Geometric-optical bidirectional reflectance modeling of a conifer forest canopy. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing GE-24 (1986), 906–919.
42. Loveland, T.R., Dwyer, J.L., Landsat: Building a strong future. Remote Sensing of Environment 122 (2012), 22–29, 10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.022.
43. Ludbrook, J., Linear regression analysis for comparing two measurers or methods of measurement: But which regression?. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 37 (2010), 692–699, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05376.x.
44. Markham, B.L., Helder, D.L., Forty-year calibrated record of earth-reflected radiance from Landsat: A review. Remote Sensing of Environment 122 (2012), 30–40, 10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.026.
45. Markham, B.L., Storey, J.C., Williams, D.L., Irons, J.R., Landsat sensor performance: History and current status. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 42 (2004), 2691–2694, 10.1109/TGRS.2004.840720.
46. Masek, J.G., Honzak, M., Goward, S.N., Liu, P., Pak, E., Landsat-7 ETM+ as an observatory for land cover: Initial radiometric and geometric comparisons with Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper. Remote Sensing of Environment 78 (2001), 118–130.
47. Masek, J.G., Vermote, E.F., Saleous, N.E., Wolfe, R., Hall, F.G., Huemmrich, K.F.,.. Lim, T.K., A Landsat surface reflectance dataset for North America, 1990–2000. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 3 (2006), 68–72, 10.1109/LGRS.2005.857030.
48. McManus, K.M., Morton, D.C., Masek, J.G., Wang, D., Sexton, J.O., Nagol, J.R.,.. Boudreau, S., Satellite-based evidence for shrub and graminoid tundra expansion in northern Quebec from 1986 to 2010. Global Change Biology 18 (2012), 2313–2323, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02708.x.
49. Michaelian, M., Hogg, E.H., Hall, R.J., Arsenault, E., Massive mortality of aspen following severe drought along the southern edge of the Canadian boreal forest. Global Change Biology 17 (2011), 2084–2094, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02357.x.
50. Nagol, J.R., Sexton, J.O., Kim, D.-H., Anand, A., Morton, D., Vermote, E., Townshend, J.R., ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 103 (2015), 129–135, 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.09.006.
51. Neigh, C., Tucker, C.J., Townshend, J.R.G., North American vegetation dynamics observed with multi-resolution satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (2008), 1749–1772, 10.1016/j.rse.2007.08.018.
52. Olthof, I., Latifovic, R., Short-term response of arctic vegetation NDVI to temperature anomalies. International Journal of Remote Sensing 28 (2007), 4823–4840, 10.1080/01431160701268996.
53. Pearson, R.K., Outliers in process modeling and identification. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 10 (2002), 55–63.
54. Piao, S., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Peylin, P., Reichstein, M., Luyssaert, S.,.. Vesala, T., Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming. Nature 451 (2008), 49–52, 10.1038/nature06444.
55. Piao, S., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Viovy, N., Demarty, J., Growing season extension and its impact on terrestrial carbon cycle in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 2 decades. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 21 (2007), 1–11, 10.1029/2006GB002888.
56. Pinzon, J., Tucker, C., A non-stationary 1981–2012 AVHRR NDVI3g time series. Remote Sensing 6 (2014), 6929–6960, 10.3390/rs6086929.
57. Pinzon, J.E., Brown, M.E., Tucker, C.J., Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) satellite drift corrected and NOAA-16 incorporated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), monthly 1981–2006. 2007.
58. Potapov, P., Turubanova, S., Hansen, M.C., Regional-scale boreal forest cover and change mapping using Landsat data composites for European Russia. Remote Sensing of Environment 115 (2011), 548–561, 10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.001.
59. Pouliot, D., Latifovic, R., Olthof, I., Trends in vegetation NDVI from 1 km AVHRR data over Canada for the period 1985–2006. International Journal of Remote Sensing 30 (2009), 149–168, 10.1080/01431160802302090.
60. Remmel, T.K., Csillag, F., Mitchell, S., Wulder, M.A., Integration of forest inventory and satellite imagery: A Canadian status assessment and research issues. Forest Ecology and Management 207 (2005), 405–428, 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.023.
61. Roberts, D.A., Dennison, P.E., Peterson, S., Sweeney, S., Rechel, J., Evaluation of Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) measures of live fuel moisture and fuel condition in a shrubland ecosystem in southern California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, 2006, 10.1029/2005JG000113.
62. Roy, D.P., The impact of misregistration upon composited wide field of view satellite data and implications for change detection. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 38 (2000), 2017–2032.
63. Roy, D.P., Ju, J., Kline, K., Scaramuzza, P.L., Kovalskyy, V., Hansen, M.,.. Zhang, C., Web-enabled Landsat Data (WELD): Landsat ETM+ composited mosaics of the conterminous United States. Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (2010), 35–49, 10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.011.
64. Roy, D.P., Ju, J., Lewis, P., Schaaf, C., Gao, F., Hansen, M., Lindquist, E., Multi-temporal MODIS–Landsat data fusion for relative radiometric normalization, gap filling, and prediction of Landsat data. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (2008), 3112–3130, 10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.009.
65. Schaefer, K., Zhang, T., Bruhwiler, L., Barrett, A.P., Amount and timing of permafrost carbon release in response to climate warming. Tellus B 63 (2011), 165–180, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00527.x.
66. Slayback, D.A., Pinzon, J.E., Los, S.O., Tucker, C.J., Northern hemisphere photosynthetic trends 1982–99. Global Change Biology 9 (2003), 1–15.
67. Smith, S.L., Burgess, M.M., Riseborough, D., Mark Nixon, F., Recent trends from Canadian permafrost thermal monitoring network sites. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 16 (2005), 19–30, 10.1002/ppp.511.
68. Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J., The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd ed., 1995, Freeman and Company, New York.
69. Song, C., Woodcock, C.E., Li, X., The spectral/temporal manifestation of forest succession in optical imagery: The potential of multitemporal imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 82 (2002), 285–302.
70. Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J.,.. Midgley, P.M., Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Intergovernmental panel on climate change, working group I contribution to the IPCC fifth assessment report (AR5), 2013, Cambridge Univ Press, New York.
71. Stocks, B.J., Mason, J.A., Todd, J.B., Bosch, E.M., Wotton, B.M., Amiro, B.D.,.. Skinner, W.R., Large forest fires in Canada, 1959–1997. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 2002, 8149, 10.1029/2001JD000484.
72. Stow, D.A., Hope, A., McGuire, D., Verbyla, D., Gamon, J., Huemmrich, F.,.. Myneni, R., Remote sensing of vegetation and land-cover change in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems. Remote Sensing of Environment 89 (2004), 281–308, 10.1016/j.rse.2003.10.018.
73. Tateishi, R., Ebata, M., Analysis of phenological change patterns using 1982–2000 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 25 (2004), 2287–2300, 10.1080/01431160310001618455.
74. Teillet, P.M., Barker, J.L., Markham, B.L., Irish, R.R., Fedosejevs, G., Storey, J.C., Radiometric cross-calibration of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-5 TM sensors based on tandem data sets. Remote Sensing of Environment 78 (2001), 39–54.
75. Teillet, P.M., Helder, D.L., Ruggles, T.A., Landry, R., Ahern, F.J., Higgs, N.J.,.. Barker, J.L., A definitive calibration record for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper anchored to the Landsat-7 radiometric scale. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 30 (2004), 631–643.
76. Toivonen, T., Kalliola, R., Ruokolainen, K., Naseem Malik, R., Across-path DN gradient in Landsat TM imagery of Amazonian forests: A challenge for image interpretation and mosaicking. Remote Sensing of Environment 100 (2006), 550–562, 10.1016/j.rse.2005.11.006.
77. Tucker, C., Pinzon, J., Brown, M., Slayback, D., Pak, E., Mahoney, R.,.. El Saleous, N., An extended AVHRR 8-km NDVI dataset compatible with MODIS and SPOT vegetation NDVI data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26 (2005), 4485–4498, 10.1080/01431160500168686.
78. Vogelmann, J.E., Helder, D., Morfitt, R., Choate, M.J., Merchant, J.W., Bulley, H., Effects of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus radiometric and geometric calibrations and corrections on landscape characterization. Remote Sensing of Environment 78 (2001), 55–70.
79. Wang, A., Price, D.T., Arora, V., Estimating changes in global vegetation cover (1850–2100) for use in climate models. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, 2006, 10.1029/2005GB002514.
80. White, J.C., Wulder, M.A., The Landsat observation record of Canada: 1972. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 39 (2014), 455–467.
81. Wotton, B.M., Nock, C.A., Flannigan, M.D., Forest fire occurrence and climate change in Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19 (2010), 253–271, 10.1071/WF09002.
82. Wulder, M.A., Masek, J.G., Cohen, W.B., Loveland, T.R., Woodcock, C.E., Opening the archive: How free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat. Remote Sensing of Environment 122 (2012), 2–10, 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.010.
83. Wulder, M.A., White, J.C., Cranny, M., Hall, R.J., Luther, J.E., Beaudoin, A.,.. Dechka, J.A., Monitoring Canada's forests. Part 1: Completion of the EOSD land cover project. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (2008), 549–562.
84. Xu, L., Myneni, R.B., Chapin, F.S. III, Callaghan, T.V., Pinzon, J.E., Tucker, C.J.,.. Stroeve, J.C., Temperature and vegetation seasonality diminishment over northern lands. Nature Climate Change 3 (2013), 1–6, 10.1038/nclimate1836.
85. Zhu, Z., Woodcock, C.E., Object-based cloud and cloud shadow detection in Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 118 (2012), 83–94, 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.028.
86. Zhu, Z., Woodcock, C.E., Continuous change detection and classification of land cover using all available Landsat data. Remote Sensing of Environment 144 (2014), 152–171, 10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.011.
87. Zhu, Z., Woodcock, C.E., Olofsson, P., Continuous monitoring of forest disturbance using all available Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 122 (2012), 75–91, 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.030.