Context Moderates Affirmation Effects on the Ethnic Achievement Gap

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 500-507

  Protzko, John ^a   Aronson, Joshua ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

achievement; affirmation; replication; stereotype threat

Indexed keywords

EID: 84978224561     PISSN: 19485506     EISSN: 19485514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1948550616646426     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. J.AllmendingerJ.R.Hackman (1995). The more, the better? A four-nation study of the inclusion of women in symphony orchestras. Social Forces, 74, 423–460.
2. M.BakkerA.van DijkJ.M.Wicherts (2012). The rules of the game called psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 543–554.
3. G.D.Borman (2012). Examination of a self-affirmation intervention in St. Paul public schools. The Senior Urban Education Research Fellowship Series Volume IX. Washington, DC: Council of Great City Schools.
4. G.D.BormanJ.GriggP.Hanselman. An effort to close achievement gaps at scale through self-affirmation. Unpublished Manuscript.
5. G.L.CohenJ.GarciaN.ApfelA.Master (2006). Reducing the racial achievement gap: A social-psychological intervention. Science, 313, 1307–1310.
6. G.L.CohenJ.GarciaV.Purdie-VaughnsN.ApfelP.Brzustoski (2009). Recursive processes in self-affirmation: Intervening to close the minority achievement gap. Science, 324, 400–403.
7. G.L.CohenD.K.Sherman (2014). The psychology of change: Self-affirmation and social psychological intervention. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 333–371.
8. J.E.CookV.Purdie-VaughnsJ.GarciaG.L.Cohen (2012). Chronic threat and contingent belonging: Protective benefits of values affirmation on identity development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 479.
9. J.D.CreswellW.T.WelchS.E.TaylorD.K.ShermanT.L.GruenewaldT.Mann (2005). Affirmation of personal values buffers neuroendocrine and psychological stress responses. Psychological Science, 16, 846–851.
10. S.Eaton (2008). The children in Room E4: American education on trial. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books.
11. M.InzlichtT.Ben-Zeev (2000). A threatening intellectual environment: Why females are susceptible to experiencing problem-solving deficits in the presence of males. Psychological Science, 11, 365–371.
12. S.L.KooleK.SmeetsA.van KnippenbergA.Dijksterhuis (1999). The cessation of rumination through self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 111–125.
13. K.Lewin (1931). The conflict between Aristotelian and Galileian modes of thought in contemporary psychology. The Journal of General Psychology, 5, 141–177.
14. S.E.MaxwellM.Y.LauG.S.Howard (2015). Is psychology suffering from a replication crisis? What does “failure to replicate” really mean?American Psychologist, 70, 487.
15. A.MiyakeL.E.Kost-SmithN.D.FinkelsteinS.J.PollockG.L.CohenT.A.Ito (2010). Reducing the gender achievement gap in college science: A classroom study of values affirmation. Science, 330, 1234–1237.
16. G.OrfieldJ.KucseraG.Siegel-Hawley (2012). E pluribus … separation: Deepening double segregation for more students. Report for The Civil Rights Project.
17. P.R.SackettC.M.HardisonM.J.Cullen (2004a). On interpreting stereotype threat as accounting for African American-White differences on cognitive tests. American Psychologist, 59, 7–13.
18. P.R.SackettC.M.HardisonM.J.Cullen (2004b). On the value of correcting mischaracterizations of stereotype threat research. American Psychologist, 59, 48–49.
19. B.J.SchmeichelK.Vohs (2009). Self-affirmation and self-control: Affirming core values counteracts ego depletion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 770–782.
20. R.SethiR.Somanathan (2004). Inequality and segregation. Journal of Political Economy, 112, 1296–1321.
21. D.K.ShermanG.L.Cohen (2006). The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 183–242.
22. D.K.ShermanK.A.HartsonK.R.BinningV.Purdie-VaughnsJ.GarciaS.Taborsky-Barba…G.L.Cohen (2013). Deflecting the trajectory and changing the narrative: How self-affirmation affects academic performance and motivation under identity threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 591–618.
23. U.Simonsohn (2015). Small telescopes detectability and the evaluation of replication results. Psychological Science, 26, 559–569.
24. C.M.Steele (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 261–302). New York, NY: Academic Press.
25. C.M.Steele (2010). Whistling Vivaldi and other clues to how stereotypes affect us. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
26. C.M.SteeleJ.Aronson (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797.
27. D.S.YeagerG.M.Walton (2011). Social-psychological interventions in education they’re not magic. Review of Educational Research, 81, 267–301.