메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 357-370

Clean syngas from biomass—process development and concept assessment

Author keywords

Biomass; Gas clean up; Gasification; Hot gas filtration; Tar reforming; Techno economic evaluation

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; CATALYSTS; CATALYTIC REFORMING; COSTS; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; FILTRATION; FLUIDIZED BEDS; GASES; GASIFICATION; LIQUID METHANE; TAR; ZIRCONIA;

EID: 84978023517     PISSN: 21906815     EISSN: 21906823     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13399-014-0121-y     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 84978027177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2012. Accessed 28 Jun 2013
    • Anonym EU energy in Figures 2012. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/targets_en.htm. Accessed 28 Jun 2013
    • Anonym EU energy in Figures
  • 2
    • 3442888587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of FT transportation fuels from biomass; technical options, process analysis and optimisation, and development potential
    • Hamelinck C, Faaij a, Denuil H, Boerrigter H (2004) Production of FT transportation fuels from biomass; technical options, process analysis and optimisation, and development potential. Energy 29:1743–1771. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2004.01.002
    • (2004) Energy , vol.29 , pp. 1743-1771
    • Hamelinck, C.1    Faaij, A2    Denuil, H.3    Boerrigter, H.4
  • 3
    • 84873847520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landälv I (2013)(BtL). Accessed 28 Jun 2013
    • Landälv I (2013) Biomass to Liquids (BtL). http://www.biofuelstp.eu/btl.html. Accessed 28 Jun 2013
    • Biomass to Liquids
  • 4
    • 84978026682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 28 Jun 2013
    • Anonym http://www.guessingrenewable.com/htcms/en/wer-was-wie-wo-wann/wie/thermische-vergasungficfb-reaktor.html. Accessed 28 Jun 2013
    • Anonym
  • 6
    • 84896401733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid transportation fuels via large-scale fluidised-bed gasification of lignocellulosic biomass
    • Hannula I, Kurkela E (2013) Liquid transportation fuels via large-scale fluidised-bed gasification of lignocellulosic biomass. VTT Technol 91:114
    • (2013) VTT Technol , vol.91 , pp. 114
    • Hannula, I.1    Kurkela, E.2
  • 8
    • 84870397704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hot gas filtration—a review
    • Heidenreich S (2013) Hot gas filtration—a review. Fuel 104:83–94. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.07.059
    • (2013) Fuel , vol.104 , pp. 83-94
    • Heidenreich, S.1
  • 9
    • 84978021597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass IGCC at Värnamo, Sweden—past and future. GCEP Energy Workshop
    • Ståhl K, Waldheim L, Morris M, et al (2004) Biomass IGCC at Värnamo, Sweden—past and future. GCEP Energy Workshop, April 27
    • (2004) April , pp. 27
    • Ståhl, K.1    Waldheim, L.2    Morris, M.3
  • 11
    • 0027374972 scopus 로고
    • Development of simplified IGCC-processes for biofuels: supporting gasification research at VTT
    • Kurkela E, Ståhlberg P, Laatikainen J, Simell P (1993) Development of simplified IGCC-processes for biofuels: supporting gasification research at VTT. Bioresour Technol 46:37–47. doi:10.1016/0960-8524(93)90052-D
    • (1993) Bioresour Technol , vol.46 , pp. 37-47
    • Kurkela, E.1    Ståhlberg, P.2    Laatikainen, J.3    Simell, P.4
  • 13
    • 84978021934 scopus 로고
    • Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Kurkela E, Ståhlberg P, Laatikainen J, Nieminen M (1991) Removal of particulates and alkali-metals from the product gas of a pressurized fluid-bed gasifier. Proc. Int. Filtration & Separation Conf. Filtech Europa 1991, Karlsruhe, Germany, 15–17 Oct
    • (1991) 15–17 Oct
    • Kurkela, E.1    Ståhlberg, P.2    Laatikainen, J.3
  • 15
    • 84883056792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Durability of metal filters in low sulphur gasification gas. Proceedings: 3rd Symposium and Exhibition Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, Sep 18–20, Karlsruhe
    • Nieminen M, Kangasmaa K, Kurkela E, Ståhlberg P (1996) Durability of metal filters in low sulphur gasification gas. Proceedings: 3rd Symposium and Exhibition Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, Sep 18–20, Karlsruhe, Germany. pp 120–131
    • (1996) Germany , pp. 120-131
    • Nieminen, M.1    Kangasmaa, K.2    Kurkela, E.3    Ståhlberg, P.4
  • 16
    • 84978021606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High temperature cleaning of biomass-derived fuel gas. Proceedings of the 9th Eurpean Bioenergy Conference, June 24–27, Copenhagen
    • Nieminen N, Simell P, Leppälahti J, Ståhlberg P, Kurkela E (1996) High temperature cleaning of biomass-derived fuel gas. Proceedings of the 9th Eurpean Bioenergy Conference, June 24–27, Copenhagen, Denmark. pp 1080–1086
    • (1996) Denmark , pp. 1080-1086
    • Nieminen, N.1    Simell, P.2    Leppälahti, J.3    Ståhlberg, P.4    Kurkela, E.5
  • 19
    • 84876363604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High temperature gas filtration with ceramic candles and ashes characterisation during steam–oxygen blown gasification of biomass
    • Simeone E, Siedlecki M, Nacken M, Heidenreich S, de Jong W (2013) High temperature gas filtration with ceramic candles and ashes characterisation during steam–oxygen blown gasification of biomass. Fuel 108:99–111. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.10.030
    • (2013) Fuel , vol.108 , pp. 99-111
    • Simeone, E.1    Siedlecki, M.2    Nacken, M.3    Heidenreich, S.4    de Jong, W.5
  • 20
    • 79960350515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filtration performance at high temperatures and analysis of ceramic filter elements during biomass gasification
    • Simeone E, Nacken M, Haag W, Heidenreich S, de Jong W (2011) Filtration performance at high temperatures and analysis of ceramic filter elements during biomass gasification. Biomass Bioenergy 35:S87–S104. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.036
    • (2011) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.35 , pp. S87-S104
    • Simeone, E.1    Nacken, M.2    Haag, W.3    Heidenreich, S.4    de Jong, W.5
  • 21
    • 23044504965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated high temperature gas cleaning: tar removal in biomass gasification with a catalytic filter
    • Ma L, Verelst H, Baron GV (2005) Integrated high temperature gas cleaning: tar removal in biomass gasification with a catalytic filter. Catal Today 105:729–734. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2005.06.022
    • (2005) Catal Today , vol.105 , pp. 729-734
    • Ma, L.1    Verelst, H.2    Baron, G.V.3
  • 22
    • 67349174724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of a catalytically activated ceramic hot gas filter for catalytic tar removal from biomass gasification gas
    • Nacken M, Ma L, Heidenreich S, Baron GV (2009) Performance of a catalytically activated ceramic hot gas filter for catalytic tar removal from biomass gasification gas. Appl Catal B Environ 88:292–298. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.11.011
    • (2009) Appl Catal B Environ , vol.88 , pp. 292-298
    • Nacken, M.1    Ma, L.2    Heidenreich, S.3    Baron, G.V.4
  • 23
    • 84862336975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a catalytic ceramic foam for efficient tar reforming of a catalytic filter for hot gas cleaning of biomass-derived syngas
    • Nacken M, Ma L, Heidenreich S, Verpoort F, Baron GV (2012) Development of a catalytic ceramic foam for efficient tar reforming of a catalytic filter for hot gas cleaning of biomass-derived syngas. Appl Catal B Environ 125:111–119. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.05.027
    • (2012) Appl Catal B Environ , vol.125 , pp. 111-119
    • Nacken, M.1    Ma, L.2    Heidenreich, S.3    Verpoort, F.4    Baron, G.V.5
  • 24
    • 77953347370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic activity in naphthalene reforming of two types of catalytic filters for hot gas cleaning of biomass-derived syngas
    • Nacken M, Ma L, Heidenreich S, Baron GV (2010) Catalytic activity in naphthalene reforming of two types of catalytic filters for hot gas cleaning of biomass-derived syngas. Ind Eng Chem Res 49:5536–5542. doi:10.1021/ie901428b
    • (2010) Ind Eng Chem Res , vol.49 , pp. 5536-5542
    • Nacken, M.1    Ma, L.2    Heidenreich, S.3    Baron, G.V.4
  • 25
    • 34247159578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a tar reforming catalyst for integration in a ceramic filter element and use in hot gas cleaning
    • Nacken M, Ma L, Engelen K, Heidenreich S, Baron GV (2007) Development of a tar reforming catalyst for integration in a ceramic filter element and use in hot gas cleaning. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:1945–1951. doi:10.1021/ie060887t
    • (2007) Ind Eng Chem Res , vol.46 , pp. 1945-1951
    • Nacken, M.1    Ma, L.2    Engelen, K.3    Heidenreich, S.4    Baron, G.V.5
  • 26
    • 77249099750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the behaviour of a catalytic ceramic candle filter in a lab-scale unit at high temperatures
    • Simeone E, Holsken E, Nacken M (2010) Study of the behaviour of a catalytic ceramic candle filter in a lab-scale unit at high temperatures. Int J Chem React Eng 8:1–19
    • (2010) Int J Chem React Eng , vol.8 , pp. 1-19
    • Simeone, E.1    Holsken, E.2    Nacken, M.3
  • 27
    • 35148821952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a catalytic candle filter for one-step tar and particle removal in biomass gasification gas
    • Engelen K, Zhang Y, Baron GV (2003) Development of a catalytic candle filter for one-step tar and particle removal in biomass gasification gas. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 1. doi:10.2202/1542-6580.1062
    • (2003) International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering , pp. 1
    • Engelen, K.1    Zhang, Y.2    Baron, G.V.3
  • 28
    • 37449010915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed zirconia–alumina supports for Ni/MgO based catalytic filters for biomass fuel gas cleaning
    • Ma L, Baron GV (2008) Mixed zirconia–alumina supports for Ni/MgO based catalytic filters for biomass fuel gas cleaning. Powder Technol 180:21–29. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2007.02.035
    • (2008) Powder Technol , vol.180 , pp. 21-29
    • Ma, L.1    Baron, G.V.2
  • 29
    • 0035878081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of catalytic filters by the urea method and its application for benzene cracking in H 2S-containing biomass gasification gas
    • Draelants DJ, Zhao H, Baron GV (2001) Preparation of catalytic filters by the urea method and its application for benzene cracking in H 2S-containing biomass gasification gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 40:3309–3316. doi:10.1021/ie0009785
    • (2001) Ind Eng Chem Res , vol.40 , pp. 3309-3316
    • Draelants, D.J.1    Zhao, H.2    Baron, G.V.3
  • 30
    • 0037292551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of nickel-activated catalytic filters for tar removal in H2S-containing biomass gasification gas
    • Zhang Y, Draelants DJ, Engelen K, Baron GV (2003) Development of nickel-activated catalytic filters for tar removal in H2S-containing biomass gasification gas. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 78:265–268. doi:10.1002/jctb.767
    • (2003) J Chem Technol Biotechnol , vol.78 , pp. 265-268
    • Zhang, Y.1    Draelants, D.J.2    Engelen, K.3    Baron, G.V.4
  • 31
    • 0034282719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of a nickel-activated candle filter for naphthalene cracking in synthetic biomass gasification gas
    • Zhao H, Draelants DJ, Baron GV (2000) Performance of a nickel-activated candle filter for naphthalene cracking in synthetic biomass gasification gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 39:3195–3201. doi:10.1021/ie000213x
    • (2000) Ind Eng Chem Res , vol.39 , pp. 3195-3201
    • Zhao, H.1    Draelants, D.J.2    Baron, G.V.3
  • 32
    • 0037289590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel catalytic filter for tar removal from biomass gasification gas: improvement of the catalytic activity in presence of H2S
    • Engelen K, Zhang Y, Draelants DJ, Baron GV (2003) A novel catalytic filter for tar removal from biomass gasification gas: improvement of the catalytic activity in presence of H2S. Chem Eng Sci 58:665–670. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00593-6
    • (2003) Chem Eng Sci , vol.58 , pp. 665-670
    • Engelen, K.1    Zhang, Y.2    Draelants, D.J.3    Baron, G.V.4
  • 34
    • 77953142675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas cleaning, gas conditioning and tar abatement by means of a catalytic filter candle in a biomass fluidized-bed gasifier
    • Rapagnà S, Gallucci K, Di Marcello M, Matt M, Nacken M, Heidenreich S, Foscolo PU (2010) Gas cleaning, gas conditioning and tar abatement by means of a catalytic filter candle in a biomass fluidized-bed gasifier. Bioresour Technol 101:7134–7141. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.139
    • (2010) Bioresour Technol , vol.101 , pp. 7134-7141
    • Rapagnà, S.1    Gallucci, K.2    Di Marcello, M.3    Matt, M.4    Nacken, M.5    Heidenreich, S.6    Foscolo, P.U.7
  • 35
    • 84861186193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First Al2O3 based catalytic filter candles operating in the fluidized bed gasifier freeboard
    • Rapagnà S, Gallucci K, Di Marcello M, Foscolo PU, Nacken M, Heidenreich S, Matt M (2012) First Al2O3 based catalytic filter candles operating in the fluidized bed gasifier freeboard. Fuel 97:718–724. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.02.043
    • (2012) Fuel , vol.97 , pp. 718-724
    • Rapagnà, S.1    Gallucci, K.2    Di Marcello, M.3    Foscolo, P.U.4    Nacken, M.5    Heidenreich, S.6    Matt, M.7
  • 36
    • 84978021600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report on long term test and comparison with existing gas cleaning. UNIQUE PROJECT
    • Koppatz S, Varga C, Pfeifer C, Koch M (2010) Report on long term test and comparison with existing gas cleaning. UNIQUE PROJECT, Deliverable 4.2. 17
    • (2010) Deliverable , vol.2 , Issue.17 , pp. 4
    • Koppatz, S.1    Varga, C.2    Pfeifer, C.3    Koch, M.4
  • 39
    • 84879324961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance improvement of dual fluidized bed gasifiers by temperature reduction: the behavior of tar species in the product gas
    • Kirnbauer F, Wilk V, Hofbauer H (2012) Performance improvement of dual fluidized bed gasifiers by temperature reduction: the behavior of tar species in the product gas. Fuel 108:534–542. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.065
    • (2012) Fuel , vol.108 , pp. 534-542
    • Kirnbauer, F.1    Wilk, V.2    Hofbauer, H.3
  • 40
    • 73649095173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tar in biomass producer gas, the Energy Research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) experience: an enduring challenge
    • Rabou LPLM, Zwart RWR, Vreugdenhil BJ, Bos L (2009) Tar in biomass producer gas, the Energy Research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) experience: an enduring challenge. Energy Fuel 23:6189–6198. doi:10.1021/ef9007032
    • (2009) Energy Fuel , vol.23 , pp. 6189-6198
    • Rabou, L.P.L.M.1    Zwart, R.W.R.2    Vreugdenhil, B.J.3    Bos, L.4
  • 41
    • 6344277102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of catalysts for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes
    • Abu El-Rub Z, Bramer E a, Brem G (2004) Review of catalysts for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 43:6911–6919. doi:10.1021/ie0498403
    • (2004) Ind Eng Chem Res , vol.43 , pp. 6911-6919
    • Abu El-Rub, Z.1    Bramer, E.2    Brem, G.3
  • 42
    • 79952590948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tar reduction in biomass producer gas via mechanical, catalytic and thermal methods: a review
    • Anis S, Zainal Z a (2011) Tar reduction in biomass producer gas via mechanical, catalytic and thermal methods: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15:2355–2377. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.018
    • (2011) Renew Sust Energ Rev , vol.15 , pp. 2355-2377
    • Anis, S.1    Zainal, Z.2
  • 43
    • 3843061373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the literature on catalytic biomass tar destruction milestone completion report
    • Dayton D (2002) A review of the literature on catalytic biomass tar destruction milestone completion report, NREL/TP-510-32815
    • (2002) NREL/TP-510-32815
    • Dayton, D.1
  • 44
    • 84873668085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent progresses in catalytic tar elimination during biomass gasification or pyrolysis—a review
    • Shen Y, Yoshikawa K (2013) Recent progresses in catalytic tar elimination during biomass gasification or pyrolysis—a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 21:371–392. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.062
    • (2013) Renew Sust Energ Rev , vol.21 , pp. 371-392
    • Shen, Y.1    Yoshikawa, K.2
  • 45
    • 77955270467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in catalysts for hot-gas removal of tar and NH3 from biomass gasification
    • Xu C (C), Donald J, Byambajav E, Ohtsuka Y (2010) Recent advances in catalysts for hot-gas removal of tar and NH3 from biomass gasification. Fuel 89:1784–1795. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.02.014
    • (2010) Fuel , vol.89 , pp. 1784-1795
    • Xu, C.C.1    Donald, J.2    Byambajav, E.3    Ohtsuka, Y.4
  • 46
    • 65449144476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of catalytic conditioning of biomass-derived syngas
    • Yung MM, Jablonski WS, Magrini-Bair K a (2009) Review of catalytic conditioning of biomass-derived syngas. Energy Fuel 23:1874–1887. doi:10.1021/ef800830n
    • (2009) Energy Fuel , vol.23 , pp. 1874-1887
    • Yung, M.M.1    Jablonski, W.S.2    Magrini-Bair, K.3
  • 47
    • 0001175568 scopus 로고
    • Catalytic purification of tarry fuel gas
    • Simell P, Bredenberg JB (1990) Catalytic purification of tarry fuel gas. Fuel 69:1219–1225
    • (1990) Fuel , vol.69 , pp. 1219-1225
    • Simell, P.1    Bredenberg, J.B.2
  • 49
    • 0029327762 scopus 로고
    • Tar decomposing activity of carbonate rocks under high CO2 partial pressure
    • Simell PA, Leppälahti JK, Kurkela EK (1995) Tar decomposing activity of carbonate rocks under high CO2 partial pressure. Fuel 74:938–945
    • (1995) Fuel , vol.74 , pp. 938-945
    • Simell, P.A.1    Leppälahti, J.K.2    Kurkela, E.K.3
  • 50
    • 0026818160 scopus 로고
    • Catalytic purification of tarry fuel gas with carbonate rocks and ferrous materials
    • Simell PA, Leppälahti JK, Bredenberg JB (1992) Catalytic purification of tarry fuel gas with carbonate rocks and ferrous materials. Fuel 71:211–218
    • (1992) Fuel , vol.71 , pp. 211-218
    • Simell, P.A.1    Leppälahti, J.K.2    Bredenberg, J.B.3
  • 51
    • 84978023029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gasification.pdf. Accessed 27 Jun 2013
    • Anonym Gasification of biomass is a success. http://www.aaenas.dk/PDF/EU_902321_Biomass Gasification.pdf. Accessed 27 Jun 2013
    • Anonym Gasification of biomass is a success
  • 52
    • 84978024004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High efficiency biomass to power operation experiences and economical aspects of the novel gasification process. 15th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition
    • Hannula I, Lappi K, Simell P, et al (2007) High efficiency biomass to power operation experiences and economical aspects of the novel gasification process. 15th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, from Research to Market Deployment
    • (2007) from Research to Market Deployment
    • Hannula, I.1    Lappi, K.2    Simell, P.3
  • 53
    • 29144514540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zirconia: Selective oxidation catalyst for removal of tar and ammonia from biomass gasification gas
    • Juutilainen S, Simell P, Krause a (2006) Zirconia: Selective oxidation catalyst for removal of tar and ammonia from biomass gasification gas. Appl Catal B Environ 62:86–92. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.05.009
    • (2006) Appl Catal B Environ , vol.62 , pp. 86-92
    • Juutilainen, S.1    Simell, P.2    Krause, A3
  • 54
    • 69249215388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of gasification gas components on naphthalene decomposition over ZrO2
    • Rönkkönen H, Rikkinen E, Linnekoski J, Simell P, Reinikainen M, Krause O (2009) Effect of gasification gas components on naphthalene decomposition over ZrO2. Catal Today 147:S230–S236. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2009.07.044
    • (2009) Catal Today , vol.147 , pp. S230-S236
    • Rönkkönen, H.1    Rikkinen, E.2    Linnekoski, J.3    Simell, P.4    Reinikainen, M.5    Krause, O.6
  • 55
    • 67649658389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of sulfur on ZrO2-based biomass gasification gas clean-up catalysts
    • Rönkkönen H, Simell P, Reinikainen M, Krause O (2009) The effect of sulfur on ZrO2-based biomass gasification gas clean-up catalysts. Top Catal 52:1070–1078. doi:10.1007/s11244-009-9255-8
    • (2009) Top Catal , vol.52 , pp. 1070-1078
    • Rönkkönen, H.1    Simell, P.2    Reinikainen, M.3    Krause, O.4
  • 56
    • 84978026119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simell P, Method of reforming gasification gas:
    • Hiltunen I, Kurkela E, Simell P (2011) Method of reforming gasification gas
    • (2011) Kurkela E
    • Hiltunen, I.1
  • 58
    • 84978022804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simell P: Method and process for cleaning a product gas of a gasification reactor
    • Kurkela E, Ståhlberg P, Simell P (2005) Method and process for cleaning a product gas of a gasification reactor
    • (2005) Ståhlberg P
    • Kurkela, E.1
  • 60
    • 77955473769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic clean-up of gasification gas with precious metal catalysts—a novel catalytic reformer development
    • Rönkkönen H, Simell P, Reinikainen M, Krause O, Veringa Niemelä M (2010) Catalytic clean-up of gasification gas with precious metal catalysts—a novel catalytic reformer development. Fuel 89:3272–3277. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.04.007
    • (2010) Fuel , vol.89 , pp. 3272-3277
    • Rönkkönen, H.1    Simell, P.2    Reinikainen, M.3    Krause, O.4    Veringa Niemelä, M.5
  • 62
    • 84856625543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parametric modelling study for pressurised steam/O2-blown fluidised-bed gasification of wood with catalytic reforming
    • Hannula I, Kurkela E (2012) A parametric modelling study for pressurised steam/O2-blown fluidised-bed gasification of wood with catalytic reforming. Biomass Bioenergy 38:58–67. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.02.045
    • (2012) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.38 , pp. 58-67
    • Hannula, I.1    Kurkela, E.2
  • 63
    • 0019873998 scopus 로고
    • Improved factored method gives better preliminary cost estimates
    • Cran J (1981) Improved factored method gives better preliminary cost estimates. Chem Eng 74:65–79
    • (1981) Chem Eng , vol.74 , pp. 65-79
    • Cran, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.