WOOD ANATOMY and TRAIT-BASED ECOLOGY

IAWA Journal

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 127-151

  Beeckman, Hans ^a  

^a ROYAL MUSEUM FOR CENTRAL AFRICA   (Belgium)

Author keywords

forest ecology; Functional traits; global ecology; stress effects; traits database; tree performance; wood anatomical features

Indexed keywords

EID: 84977280196     PISSN: 09281541     EISSN: 22941932     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/22941932-20160127     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Abrantes K, Barnett A, Marwick T & Bouillon S. 2013. Importance of terrestrial subsidies for estuarine food webs in contrasting East African catchments. Ecosphere 4: 1-33.
2. Allen TFH & Hoekstra T. 2015. Toward a unified ecology. Columbia University Press, USA.
3. Alméras T, Costes E & Salles JC. 2004. Identification of biomechanical factors involved in stem shape variability between apricot tree varieties. Ann. Bot. 93: 455-468.
4. Anderegg WRL & Meinzer FC. 2015. Wood anatomy and plant hydraulics in a changing climate. In: Hacke UG (ed.), Functional and ecological xylem anatomy: 235-254. Springer, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London.
5. Anfodillo T, Petit G & Crivellaro A. 2013. Axial conduit widening in woody species: A still neglected anatomical pattern. IAWA J. 34: 352-364.
6. Baas P. 1976. Some functional and adaptive aspects of vessel member morphology. In: Baas P, Bolton AJ & Catling DM (eds.), Wood structure in biological and technological research: 157-181. Leiden University Press.
7. Baas P & Miller RB. 1985. Functional and ecological wood anatomy: some introductory comments. IAWA Bull. n.s. 6: 281-282.
8. Barajas-Morales J. 1985. Wood structural differences between trees of two tropical forests. IAWA Bull. n.s. 6: 355-364.
9. Bastin J-F, Barbier N, Réjou-Méchain M, Fayolle A, Gourlet-Fleury S, Maniatis D, de Haulleville T, Baya F, Beeckman H, Beina D, Couteron P, Chuyong G, Dauby G, Doucet J-L, Droissart V, Dufrêne M, Ewango C, Gillet JF, Gonmadje CH, Hart T, et al. 2015. Seeing Central African forests through their largest trees. Sci. Rep. 5: 13156. Available at: http://www.nature.com/srep/2015/150817/srep13156/full/srep13156.html.
10. Beeckman H. 1999. Wood anatomical spectra to reconstruct vegetation, a test-case for the axial parenchyma in the Kivu-Congo watershed. In: Maes F & Beeckman H (eds.), Wood to survive: 73-83. KMMA, Tervuren, Belgium.
11. Bertalanffy L von. 1968. General system theory. George Braziller, New York.
12. Borchert R. 1999. Climatic periodicity, phenology and cambium activity in tropical dry forest trees. IAWA J. 20: 239-247.
13. Borchert R & Pockman WT. 2005. Water storage capacitance and xylem tension in isolated branches of temperate and tropical trees. Tree Physiol. 25: 457-466.
14. Bosman M, de Kort I, van Genderen MK & Baas P. 1994. Radial variation in wood properties of naturally and plantation grown light red meranti (Shorea, Dipterocarpaceae). IAWA J. 15: 111-120.
15. Bräuning A, De Ridder M, Zafirov N, García-González I, Dimitrov DP & Gärtner H. 2016. Tree-ring features-indicators of extreme event impacts. IAWA J. 37: 206-231.
16. Brodribb TJ. 2009. Xylem hydraulic physiology: The functional backbone of terrestrial plant productivity. Plant Sci. 177: 245-251. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci. 2009.06.001.
17. Brunner I, Herzog C, Dawes MA, Arend M & Sperisen C. 2015. How tree roots respond to drought. Front. Plant Sci. 6: 547. Available at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2015.00547/abstract.
18. Burgert I & Eckstein D. 2001. The tensile strength of isolated wood rays of beech, Fagus sylvatica L. and its significance for the biomechanics of living trees. Trees 15: 168-170.
19. Carlquist S. 1975. Ecological strategies of xylem evolution. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley.
20. Carlquist S. 1980. Further concepts in ecological wood anatomy, with comments on recent work in wood anatomy. Aliso 11: 37-68.
21. Carlquist S. 1984. Vessel grouping in dicotyledon wood: Significance and relationship to imperforate trachery elements. Aliso 10: 505-525.
22. Chave J, Coomes D, Jansen S, Lewis SL, Swenson NG & Zanne AE. 2009. Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum. Ecol. Lett. 12: 351-366.
23. Chave J, Muller-Landau HC, Baker TR, Easdale TA, ter Steege H & Webb CO. 2006. Regional and phylogenetic variation of wood density across 2456 Neotropical tree species. Ecol. Appl. 16: 2356-2367.
24. Choat B, Cobb AR & Jansen S. 2008. Structure and function of bordered pits: New discoveries and impacts on whole-plant hydraulic function. New Phytol. 177: 608-626.
25. Clair B, Ruelle J, Beauchêne J, Prévost M-F & Fournier M. 2006. Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species. Occurrence and efficiency of the G-layer. IAWA J. 27: 329-338.
26. Clearwater MJ & Goldstein G. 2005. Embolism repair and long distance water transport. In: Holbrook NM & Zwieniecki MA (eds.), Vascular transport in plants: 592. Elsevier.
27. Delvaux C, Sinsin B, Van Damme P & Beeckman H. 2013. Size of conducting phloem: The 'key' factor for bark recovery of 12 tropical medicinal tree species. Flora 208: 111-117.
28. De Micco V, Balzano A, Wheeler EA & Baas P. 2016a. Tyloses and gums: a review of structure, function and occurrence of vessel occlusions. IAWA J. 37: 186-205.
29. De Micco V, Battipaglia G, Cherubini P & Aronne G. 2014. Comparing methods to analyse anatomical features of tree rings with and without intra-annual density fluctuations. IADFs. Dendrochronologia 32: 1-6. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2013.06.001.
30. De Micco V, Campelo F, De Luis M, Bräuning A, Grabner M, Battipaglia G & Cherubini P. 2016b. Intra-annual density fluctuations in tree rings: how, when, where and why? IAWA J. 37: 232-259.
31. De Ridder M, Van Den Bulcke J, Vansteenkiste D, Van Loo D, Dierick M, Masschaele B, De Witte Y, Mannes D, Lehmann E, Beeckman H, Van Hoorebeke L & Van Acker J. 2011. High-resolution proxies for wood density variations in Terminalia superba. Ann. Bot. 107: 293-302.
32. Dié A, Kitin P, Kouamé FNG, Van Den Bulcke J, Van Acker J & Beeckman H. 2012. Fluctuations of cambial activity in relation to precipitation result in annual rings and intra-annual growth zones of xylem and phloem in teak, Tectona grandis, in Ivory Coast. Ann. Bot. 110: 861-873.
33. Eldhuset T, Nagy N, Volarík D, Børja I, Gebauer R & Yakovlev I. 2013. Drought affects tracheid structure, dehydrin expression, and above-and belowground growth in 5-year-old Norway spruce. Plant Soil 366: 305-320.
34. Eller CB, Lima AL & Oliveira RS. 2013. Foliar uptake of fog water and transport belowground alleviates drought effects in the cloud forest tree species (Drimys brasiliensis, Winteraceae). New Phytol. 199: 151-162.
35. Ewers FW, Rosell JA & Olson ME. 2015. Lianas as structural parasites. In: Hacke UG (ed.), Functional and ecological xylem anatomy: 163-188. Springer, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London.
36. Fortunel C, Ruelle J, Beauch J, Fine PVA & Baraloto C. 2014. Wood specific gravity and anatomy of branches and roots in 113 Amazonian rainforest tree species across environmental gradients. New Phytol. 202: 79-94.
37. Fournier M, Dlouhà J, Jaouen G & Almeras T. 2013. Integrative biomechanics for tree ecology: beyond wood density and strength. J. Exp. Bot. 60: 4397-4410.
38. François L, Ghislain M, Otto D & Micheels A. 2006. Late Miocene vegetation reconstruction with the CARAIB model. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 238: 302-320.
39. Fujiwara S. 1992. Anatomy and properties of Japanese hardwoods II. Variation of dimensions of ray cells and their relation to basic density. IAWA J. 13: 397-402.
40. García-González I & Fonti P. 2006. Selecting earlywood vessels to maximize their environmental signal. Tree Physiol. 26: 1289-1296.
41. García-González I, Souto-Herrero M & Campelo F. 2016. Ring porosity and earlywood vessels: a review on extracting environmental information through time. IAWA J. 37: 295-314.
42. Gartner BL (ed.). 1995. Plant stems: physiology and functional morphology. Elsevier Inc.
43. Giagli K, Gricar J, Vavrcik H, Mensik L & Gryc V. 2016. The effects of drought on wood formation in Fagus sylvatica during two contrasting years. IAWA J. 37: 332-348.
44. Giantomasi MA, Alvarez JA, Villagra PE, Debandi G & Roig-Junent FA. 2015. Pruning effects on ring width and wood hydrosystem of Prosopis flexuosa DC. from arid woodlands. Dendrochronologia 35: 71-79.
45. Gosz JR. 1978. Nitrogen inputs to stream water from forests along an elevational gradient in New Mexico. Water Res. 12: 725-734.
46. Gricar J, Prislan P, De Luis K, Novak K, Longares LA, Martinez del Castillo E & Cufar K. 2016. Lack of annual periodicity in cambial production of phloem in trees from Meditterranean areas. IAWA J. 37: 349-364.
47. Hacke UG (ed.). 2015. Functional and ecological xylem anatomy. Springer, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London.
48. Hacke UG, Lachenbruch B, Pitterman J, Mayr S, Domec J-C & Schulte PJ. 2015. The hydraulic architecture of conifers. In: Hacke UG (ed.), Functional and ecological xylem anatomy: 39-75. Springer, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London.
49. Holbrook NM. 1995. Stem water storage. In: Gartner BL (ed.), Plant stems: physiology and functional morphology: 151-174. Elsevier Inc.
50. Holbrook NM, Ahrens ET, Burns MJ & Zwieniecki M. 2001. In vivo observation of cavitation and embolism repair using magnetic resonance imaging. Plant Physiol. 126: 27-31.
51. Hölttä T, Cochard H, Nikinmaa E & Mencuccini M. 2009. Capacitive effect of cavitation in xylem conduits: results from a dynamic model. Plant, Cell Environ. 32: 10-21.
52. IAWA Committee. 1989. IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification. IAWA Bull. n.s. 10: 219-332.
53. IAWA Committee. 2004. IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Softwood Identification. IAWA J. 25: 1-70.
54. Jansen S, Baas P, Gasson P, Lens F & Smets E. 2004. Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: evidence from vestured pits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 8833-8837.
55. Jansen S, Choat B & Pletsers A. 2009. Morphological variation of intervessel pit membranes and implications to xylem function in angiosperms. Amer. J. Bot. 96: 409-419.
56. Joetzjer E, Delire C, Douville H, Ciais P, Decharme B, Carrer D, Verbeeck H, De Weirdt M & Bonal D. 2015. Improving the ISBA CC land surface model simulation of water and carbon fluxes and stocks over the Amazon forest. Geosci. Model Dev. 8: 1709-1727. Available at: www.geosci-model-dev.net/8/1709/2015/.
57. Kampe A & Magel E. 2013. New insights in heartwood and heartwood formation. Plant Cell Monogr. 20: 71-95.
58. Kattge J, Diaz S, Lavorel S, Prentice IC, Leadley P, Bönisch G, Garnier E, Westoby M, Reich PB, Wright IJ, Cornelissen JHC, Violle C, Harrison SP, Van Bodegom PM, Reichstein M, Enquist BJ, Soudzilovskaia NA, Ackerly DD, Anand M, Atkin O, et al. 2011. TRY - a global database of plant traits. Glob. Chang. Biol. 17: 2905-2935.
59. Kim Y, Knox RG, Longo M, Medvigy D, Hutyra LR, Pyle EH, Wofsy SC, Bras RL & Moorcroft PR. 2012. Seasonal carbon dynamics and water fluxes in an Amazon rainforest. Glob. Chang. Biol. 18: 1322-1334.
60. Kitin P, Beeckman H, Fujii T, Funada R, Noshiro S & Abe H. 2009. What is disjunctive xylem parenchyma? A case study of the African tropical hardwood Okoubaka aubrevillei, Santalaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 96: 1399-1408.
61. Kitin P & Funada R. 2016. Earlywood vessels in ring-porous trees become functional for water transport after bud burst and before the maturation of the current-year leaves. IAWA J. 37: 315-331.
62. Kleyer M & Minden V. 2015. Why functional ecology should consider all plant organs: An allocation-based perspective. Basic Appl. Ecol. 16: 1-9. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. baae.2014.11.002.
63. Kranner I, Minibayeva FV, Beckett RP & Seal CE. 2010. What is stress? Concepts, definitions and applications in seed science. New Phytol. 188: 655-673.
64. Lachenbruch B & McCulloh KA. 2014. Traits, properties, and performance: How woody plants combine hydraulic and mechanical functions in a cell, tissue, or whole plant. New Phytol. 204: 747-764.
65. Lazzarin M, Crivellaro A, Williams CB, Dawson TE, Mozzi G & Anfodillo T. 2016. Tracheid and pît anatomy vary in tandem in a tall Sequoiadendron giganteum tree. IAWA J. 37: 172-185.
66. Lens F, Sperry JS, Christman MA, Choat B, Rabaey D & Jansen S. 2011. Testing hypotheses that link wood anatomy to cavitation resistance and hydraulic conductivity in the genus Acer. New Phytol. 190: 709-723.
67. Li S, Lens F, Espino S, Karimi Z, Klepsch M, Schenk HJ, Schmitt M, Schuldt B & Jansen S. 2016. Intervessel pit membrane thickness as a key determinant of embolism resistance in angiosperm xylem. IAWA J. 37: 152-171.
68. Malhi Y, Baldochhi DD & Jarvis PG. 1999. The carbon balance of tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Plant. Cell Environ. 22: 715-740.
69. Mariaux A. 1967. Les cernes dans les bois tropicaux africains: nature et périodicité. Bois Forêts des Trop. 113: 3-14.
70. Mattheck C. 1995. Biomechanical optimum in woody stems. In: Gartner BL (ed.), Plant stems: physiology and functional morphology: 75-90. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
71. Meinzer FC, James SA & Goldstein G. 2004. Dynamics of transpiration, sap flow and use of stored water in tropical forest canopy trees. Tree Physiol. 24: 901-909.
72. Mohr H & Schopfer P. 1995. Plant physiology. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
73. Moorcroft PR, Hurtt GC & Pacala SW. 2001. A method for scaling vegetation dynamics: the ecosystem demography model. Ecol. Monogr. 71: 557-585.
74. Morris H, Jansen S & Arber A. 2016. Opinion paper-Secondary xylem parenchyma-from classical terminology to functional traits. IAWA J. 37: 1-15.
75. Nakai W, Okada N & Sakai M. 2015. Dual application of isotope analysis and DC pulse cambial marking to determine the age of tropical trees. In: Beeckman H & De Ridder M (eds), Book of abstracts: Wood science underpinning tropical forest ecology and management. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.
76. Nardini A, Lo Gullo MA & Salleo S. 2011. Refilling embolized xylem conduits: Is it a matter of phloem unloading? Plant Sci. 180: 604-611.
77. Olano JM, Arzac A, García-Cervigón AI, von Arx G & Rozas V. 2013. New star on the stage: Amount of ray parenchyma in tree rings shows a link to climate. New Phytol. 198: 486-495.
78. Olson ME & Rosell JA. 2013. Vessel diameter-stem diameter scaling across woody angiosperms and the ecological causes of xylem vessel diameter variation. New Phytol. 197: 1204-1213.
79. Pan Y, Birdsey RA, Fang J, Houghton R, Kauppi PE, Kurz WA, Phillips OL, Shvidenko A, Lewis SL, Canadell JG, Ciais P, Jackson RB, Pacala SW, McGuire AD, Piao S, Rautiainen A, Sitch S & Hayes D. 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests. Science 333: 988-993.
80. Petit RJ & Hampe A. 2006. Some evolutionary consequences of being a tree. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 37: 187-214.
81. Plavcova L & Jansen S. 2015. The role of xylem parenchyma in the storage and utilization of nonstructural carbohydrates. In: Hacke UG (ed.), Functional and ecological xylem anatomy: 204-234. Springer, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London.
82. Poorter H, Jagodzinski AM, Ruiz-Peinado R, Kuyah S, Luo Y, Oleksyn J, Usoltsev VA, Buckley TN, Reich PB & Sack L. 2015. How does biomass distribution change with size and differ among species? An analysis for 1200 plant species from five continents. New Phytol. 208: 736-749.
83. Prigogine I, Stengers I & Pagels H. 1984. Order out of chaos: man's new dialogue with nature. Bantam Books.
84. Robert EMR, Schmitz N, Copini P, Gerkema E, Vergeldt FJ, Windt CW, Beeckman H, Koedam N & Van As H. 2014. Visualization of the stem water content of two genera with secondary phloem produced by successive cambia through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). J. Plant Hydraul. 1: 1-8.
85. Scholz A, Klepsch M, Karimi Z & Jansen S. 2013. How to quantify conduits in wood? Front. Plant Sci. 4: 56. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid= 3600434&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.
86. Spicer R. 2014. Symplasmic networks in secondary vascular tissues: Parenchyma distribution and activity supporting long-distance transport. J. Exp. Bot. 65: 1829-1848.
87. Tarelkin Y, Delvaux C, De Ridder M, El Berkani T, De Cannière C & Beeckman H. 2016. Growthring distinctness and boundary anatomy variability in tropical trees. IAWA J. 37: 275-294.
88. Trouet V, Mukelabai M, Verheyden A & Beeckman H. 2012. Cambial growth season of brevideciduous Brachystegia spiciformis trees from South Central-Africa restricted to less than four months. PLoS One 7(10), e47364.
89. Tyree MT & Zimmermann MH. 2002. Xylem structure and the ascent of sap. Ed.2 Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
90. Vergeynst L. 2015. Investigation and application of the acoustic emission technique to measure drought-induced cavitation in woody plants. PhD dissertation. Ghent University, Belgium.
91. Verheyden A, Kairo JG, Beeckman H & Koedam N. 2004. Growth rings, growth ring formation and age determination in the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. Ann. Bot. 94: 59-66.
92. Violle C, Navas ML, Vile D, Kazakou E, Fortunel C, Hummel I & Garnier E. 2007. Let the concept of trait be functional! Oikos 116: 882-892.
93. Vliet GJCM van. 1978. The vestured pits of Combretaceae and allied families. Acta Bot. Neerl. 27: 273-285.
94. Wheeler EA. 2011. InsideWood-A web resource for hardwood anatomy. IAWA J. 32: 199-211.
95. Wheeler EA, Baas P & Rodgers S. 2007. Variations in dicot wood anatomy: A global analysis based on the InsideWood database. IAWA J. 28: 229-258.
96. Wimmer R. 2002. Wood anatomical features in tree rings as indicators of environmental change. Dendrochronologia 20: 21-36.
97. Zanne AE, Tank DC, Cornwell WK, Eastman JM, Smith SA, FitzJohn RG, McGlinn DJ, O'Meara BC, Moles AT, Reich PB, Royer DL, Soltis DE, Stevens PF, Westoby M, Wright IJ, Aarssen L, Bertin RI, Calaminus A, Govaerts R, Hemmings F, et al. 2014. Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments. Nature 506: 89-92.
98. Zeppel M, Lewis JD, Phillips N & Tissue DT. 2013. Why loose water at night? Disentangling the mystery of nocturnal sap flow, transpiration and stomatal conductance: when, where, who? In: Steppe K (ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Sap Flow: 307-312. ISHS.
99. Zwieniecki MA & Holbrook NM. 2009. Confronting Maxwell's demon: biophysics of xylem embolism repair. Trends Plant Sci. 14: 530-534.
100. Zwieniecki MA, Melcher PJ & Holbrook NM. 2001. Hydrogel control of xylem hydraulic resistance in plants. Science 80: 1059-1062.