Generalist birds promote tropical forest regeneration and increase plant diversity via rare-biased seed dispersal

Ecology

Volumn 97, Issue 7, 2016, Pages 1819-1831

  Carlo, Tomás A ^a   Morales, Juan M ^b  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b LABORATORIO ECOTONO   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Antiapostatic; Diversity maintenance mechanism; Fruit choice; Mutualisms; Negative density dependence; Negative frequency dependence; Nucleation; Secondary succession; Seed dispersal networks; Tropical forests

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL COMMUNITY; BIRD; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; FOREST COVER; FRUGIVORY; GENERALIST; KEYSTONE SPECIES; MUTUALISM; PASSERINE; PLANT COMMUNITY; REGENERATION; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; SEED DISPERSAL; SEED RAIN; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; TROPICAL FOREST;

PUERTO RICO;

ANIMALIA; AVES; HEXAPODA; MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS; TYRANNUS DOMINICENSIS;

ANIMAL; BIODIVERSITY; BIRD; ECOSYSTEM; FOREST; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT; PLANT SEED; PUERTO RICO; SEED DISPERSAL; TREE;

ANIMALS; BIODIVERSITY; BIRDS; ECOSYSTEM; FORESTS; PLANTS; PUERTO RICO; SEED DISPERSAL; SEEDS; TREES;

EID: 84977098384     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-25     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Aide, T. M., and J. Cavelier. 1994. Barriers to lowland tropical forest restoration in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Restoration Ecology 2:219-229.
2. Allen, J. A., and J. J. D. Greenwood. 1988. Frequency-dependent selection by predators. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 319:485-503.
3. Allen, J. A., and M. E. Weale. 2005. Anti-apostatic selection by wild birds on quasi-natural morphs of the land snail Cepaea hortensis: a generalised linear mixed models approach. Oikos 108:335-343.
4. Aukema, J. E., T. A. Carlo, and J. A. Collazo. 2007. Landscape assessment of tree communities in the northern karst region of Puerto Rico. Plant Ecology 189:101-115.
5. Bascompte, J., and P. Jordano. 2007. Plant-animal mutualistic networks: the architecture of biodiversity. Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution & Systematics 38:567-593.
6. Carlo, T. A., and J. J. Tewksbury. 2014. Directness and tempo of avian seed deposition increases emergence of wild chiltepins in desert grasslands. Journal of Ecology 102:248-255.
7. Carlo, T. A., and S. Yang. 2011. Network models of frugivory and seed dispersal: challenges and opportunities. Acta Oecologica 27:619-624.
8. Carlo, T. A., J. A. Collazo, and M. J. Groom. 2003. Fruit preferences across a Puerto Rican forested landscape: pattern consistency and implications for seed removal. Oecologia 134:119-131.
9. Carlo, T. A., M. L. Flores-Mangual, and M. A. Caraballo-Ortiz. 2013. Postdispersal seed predation rates in a Puerto Rican pasture. Caribbean Journal of Science 47:153-158.
10. Charles-Dominique, P. 1986. Inter-relations between frugivorous vertebrates and pioneer plants: Cecropia, birds and bats in French Guyana. Pages 119-135 in E. T. H. Fleming, editor. Frugivores and seed dispersal. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
11. Chazdon, R. L. 2014. Second Growth: the promise of tropical forest regeneration in an age of deforestation. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
12. Chesson, P. 2000. Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics 31:343-366.
13. Cipollini, M. L., and D. J. Levey. 1997. Secondary metabolites of fleshy vertebrate-dispersed fruits: adaptive hypotheses and implications for seed dispersal. American Naturalist 78:346-372.
14. Comita, L. S., H. C. Muller-Landau, S. Aguilar, and S. P. Hubbell. 2010. Asymmetric density dependence shapes species abundances in a tropical tree community. Science 329:330-332.
15. Corbin, J. D., and K. D. Holl. 2012. Applied nucleation as a forest restoration strategy. Forest Ecology and Management 265:37-46.
16. Davidar, P., and E. S. Morton. 1986. The relationship between fruit crop sizes and fruit removal rates by birds. Ecology 67:262-265.
17. Farnsworth, G., G. A. Londoño, J. Ungvari Martin, K. C. Derrickson, and R. Breitwisch. 2011. Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). in A. Poole, editor. The birds of North America online. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA. http://bna.birds.conrnell.edu/bna/species/007, doi10.2173/bna.7
18. Fricke, E. C., M. J. Simon, K. M. Reagan, D. J. Levey, J. A. Riffell, T. A. Carlo, and J. J. Tewksbury. 2013. When condition trumps location: seed consumption by fruit-eating birds removes pathogens and predator attractants. Ecology Letters 16:1031-1036.
19. Galetti, M. 2002. Seed dispersal of mimetic fruits: parasitism, mutualism, aposematism, or exaptation. Pages 177-191 in D. J. Levey, W. R. Silva, and M. Galetti, editors. Frugivory and seed dispersal: ecology, evolution and conservation. CABI, Oxon, UK.
20. García, D., R. Zamora, and G. Amico. 2011. The spatial scale of plant-animal interactions: effects of resource availability and habitat structure. Ecological Monographs 81:123-139.
21. González-Castro, A., S. Yang, M., Nogales, and T. A. Carlo. 2015. Relative importance of phenotypic trait matching and species' abundances in determining plant-avian seed dispersal interactions in a small insular community. AoB Plants 7: plv017.
22. Guevara, S., S. E. Purata, and E. Van der Maarl. 1986. The role of remnant forest trees in tropical secondary succession. Plant Ecology 66:77-84.
23. Holl, K. D. 1998. Do bird perching structures elevate seed rain and seedling establishment in abandoned tropical pasture? Restoration Ecology 6:253-261.
24. Holl, K. D. 1999. Factors limiting tropical rain forest regeneration in abandoned pasture: seed rain, seed germination, microclimate, and soil. Biotropica 31:229-242.
25. Holl, K. D. 2002. Effects of shrubs on tree seedling establishment in an abandoned tropical pasture. Journal of Ecology 90:179-187.
26. Isbell, F., V. Calcagno, A. Hector, J. Connolly, W. S. Harpole, P. B. Reich and M. Loreau. 2011. High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services. Nature 477:199-202.
27. Janzen, D. H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. American Naturalist 104:501-528.
28. Jordano, P. 2000. Fruits and frugivory. Pages 125-166 in M. Fenner, editors. Seeds: the ecology and regeneration in plant communities. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
29. Jordano, P., J. Bascompte, and J. M. Olesen. 2003. Invariant properties in coevolutionary networks of plant-animal interactions. Ecology Letters 6:69-81.
30. Laske, J. R., and T. H. Keitt. 2012. The effect of spatial structure of pasture tree cover on avian frugivores in eastern Amazonia. Biotropica 44:489-497.
31. Letcher, S. G., and R. L. Chazdon. 2009. Rapid recovery of biomass, species richness, and species composition in a forest chronosequence in northeastern Costa Rica. Biotropica 41:608-617.
32. Levey, D. J. 1988. Spatial and temporal variation in Costa Rican fruit and fruit-eating bird abundance. Ecological Monographs 58:251-269.
33. Lugo, A. E. 2004. The outcome of alien tree invasions in Puerto Rico. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2:265-273.
34. Moermond, T. C., and J. S. Denslow. 1985. Neotropical avian frugivores: patterns of behavior, morphology, and nutrition, with consequences for fruit selection. Ornithological Monographs 36:865-897.
35. Morales, J. M., M. D. Rivarola, G. Amico, and T. A. Carlo. 2012. Neighborhood effects on seed dispersal by frugivores: testing theory with a mistletoe-marsupial system in Patagonia. Ecology 93:741-748.
36. Muller-Landau, H.. 2008. Colonization-related tradeoffs in tropical forests and their role in the maintenance of plant species diversity. Pages 182-195 in W. P. Carson and S. A. Schnitzer, editors. Tropical forest community ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, UK.
37. Pizo, M. A., and B. T. dos Santos. 2011. Frugivory, post-feeding flights of Frugivorous birds and the movement of seeds in a Brazilian fragmented landscape. Biotropica, 43:335-342.
38. R Core Team. 2014. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www. R-project.org/
39. Reid, J. L., and K. D. Holl. 2013. Arrival survival. Restoration Ecology 21:153-155.
40. Reid, J. L., K. D. Holl, and R. A. Zahawi. 2015. Seed dispersal limitations shift over time in tropical forest restoration. Ecological Applications 25:1072-1082.
41. Rey, P. J. 1995. Spatio-temporal variation in fruit and frugivorous bird abundance in olive orchards. Ecology 76:1625-1635.
42. Rohr, R. P., S. Saavedra, and J. Bascompte. 2014. On the structural stability of mutualistic systems. Science 345:416-425.
43. Saracco, J. F., J. A. Collazo, and M. J. Groom. 2004. How do frugivores track resources? Insights from spatial analyses of bird foraging in a tropical forest. Oecologia 139:235-245.
44. Saracco, J. F., J. A. Collazo, M. J. Groom, and T. A. Carlo. 2005. Crop size and fruit neighborhood effects on bird visitation to fruiting Schefflera morototoni trees in Puerto Rico1. Biotropica 37:81-87.
45. Smith, G. A., and J. A. Jackson. 2002. Gray Kingbird (Tyrannus dominicensis). In A. Poole, editor. The birds of North America online. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna. birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/668 doi:10.2173/bna.668
46. Spiegel, O., and R. Nathan. 2011. Empirical evaluation of directed dispersal and density dependent effects. Journal of Ecology 100:392-404.
47. Swamy, V., and J. W. Terborgh. 2010. Distance-responsive natural enemies strongly influence seedling establishment patterns of multiple species in an Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Ecology 98:1096-1107.
48. Terborgh, J. 2012. Enemies maintain hyperdiverse tropical forests. American Naturalist 179:303-314.
49. Terborgh, J., N. Pitman, M. Silman, H. Schichter, and N. Percy. 2002. Maintenance of tree diversity in tropical forests. Pages 1-17 in D. J. Levey, W. R. Silva and M. Galetti, editors. Frugivory and seed dispersal: ecology, evolution and conservation. CABI, Oxon, UK.
50. Terborgh, J., P. Alvarez-Loayza, K. Dexter, F. Cornejo, and C. Carrasco. 2011. Decomposing dispersal limitation: limits on fecundity or seed distribution? Journal of Ecology 99:935-944.
51. Traveset, A., A. Robertson, and J. Rodríguez-Pérez. 2007. A review on the role of endozoochory in seed germination. Pages 78-103 in A. J. Dennis, R. J. Green, E. W. Schupp and D. Westcott, editors. Seed dispersal: theory and its application in a changing world. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
52. Uriarte, M., C. D. Canham, J. Thompson, and J. K. Zimmerman. 2004. A neighborhood analysis of tree growth and survival in a hurricane-driven tropical forest. Ecological Monographs 74:591-614.
53. Weale, M. E., D. Whitwell, H. E. Raison, D. L. Raymond, and J. A. Allen. 2000. The influence of density on frequency-dependent food selection: a comparison of four experiments with wild birds. Oecologia 124:391-395.
54. Whelan, C. J., K. A. Schmidt, B. B. Steele, W. J. Quinn, and S. Dilger. 1998. Are bird-consumed fruits complementary resources? Oikos 87:95-205.
55. Wunderle, J. M. 1997. The role of animal seed dispersal in accelerating native forest regeneration on degraded tropical lands. Forest Ecology & Management 99:223-235.