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Volumn 21, Issue 3, 1995, Pages 347-371

Connecting memory, self, and the power of place in African American Urban history

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EID: 84976984195     PISSN: 00961442     EISSN: 15526771     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009614429502100303     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 84977031169 scopus 로고
    • As quoted in In Their Own Interests: Race, Class, and Virginia (Berkeley, 1991), Interview, 2 January.
    • As quoted in Earl Lewis, In Their Own Interests: Race, Class, and Power in Twentieth Century Norfolk, Virginia (Berkeley, 1991), 120. Interview, 2 January 1981.
    • (1981) Power in Twentieth Century Norfolk , vol.120
    • Lewis, E.1
  • 2
    • 84959810548 scopus 로고
    • Memory and American History
    • (March), 1127.
    • David Thelen, “Memory and American History,” Journal of American History 75 (March 1989), 1127.
    • (1989) Journal of American History , vol.75
    • Thelen, D.1
  • 3
    • 0001879939 scopus 로고
    • The Black Urban Experience
    • Darlene Clark Hine, ed., (Baton Rouge, 1986), and Joe W. Trotter, Jr., ed., The Great Migration in Historical Perspective (Bloomington), 1-21.
    • For an effective review of this literature and the particulars see Kenneth L. Kusmer, “The Black Urban Experience” in The State ofAfro-American History, Darlene Clark Hine, ed., (Baton Rouge, 1986), 91-122, and Joe W. Trotter, Jr., ed., The Great Migration in Historical Perspective (Bloomington, 1991), 1-21.
    • (1991) For an effective review of this literature and the particulars , pp. 91-122
    • Kusmer, K.L.1
  • 5
    • 84977007889 scopus 로고
    • Harlem: The Making ofa Ghetto (New York, 1963); Allan H. Spear, Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto, 1880-1920 (Chicago, 1967); and Kenneth L. Kusmer, A Ghetto Takes Shape: Black Cleveland, 1870-1930 (Urbana).
    • Representative works include Gilbert Osofsky, Harlem: The Making ofa Ghetto (New York, 1963); Allan H. Spear, Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto, 1880-1920 (Chicago, 1967); and Kenneth L. Kusmer, A Ghetto Takes Shape: Black Cleveland, 1870-1930 (Urbana, 1976).
    • (1976) Representative works include
    • Osofsky, G.1
  • 8
    • 84976913095 scopus 로고
    • (New York)
    • Richard Wright, Black Boy (New York, 1966), 284.
    • (1966) , vol.284
    • Wright, R.1    Boy, B.2
  • 9
    • 84977031849 scopus 로고
    • Blacks In Richmond, California, 1930-1945
    • Grossman, Land ofHope, 156; and Shirley Ann Moore, (Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Berkeley).
    • Lewis, In Their Own Interests, 102-109; Grossman, Land ofHope, 156; and Shirley Ann Moore, “Blacks In Richmond, California, 1930-1945,” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Berkeley, 1989).
    • (1989) In Their Own Interests , pp. 102-109
    • Lewis1
  • 12
    • 27844558747 scopus 로고
    • See, for example, (Urbana, 1988); and William L. Andrews and Nellie McKay, Guest Editors, Black American Literature Forum 24 (Summer).
    • See, for example, William L. Andrews, To Teil A Free Story: the First Century of Afro-AmericanAutobiography, 1760-1865 (Urbana, 1988); and William L. Andrews and Nellie McKay, Guest Editors, Black American Literature Forum 24 (Summer 1990).
    • (1990) To Teil A Free Story: the First Century of Afro-AmericanAutobiography , pp. 1760-1865
    • Andrews, W.L.1
  • 14
    • 84976997324 scopus 로고
    • Memory and American History
    • (Cambridge), especially Thelen offers a nice description of the physiology of memory processing in 1120-21.
    • James Fentress and Chris Wickham elaboraie on the general themes in Social Memory (Cambridge, 1992), especially 20-23. Thelen offers a nice description of the physiology of memory processing in “Memory and American History,” 1120-21.
    • (1992) elaboraie on the general themes in Social Memory , pp. 20-23
    • Fentress, J.1    Wickham, C.2
  • 16
    • 0039526397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • chapters and conclusion.
    • Bodnar, Remaking America, chapters 1-5 and conclusion.
    • Remaking America , pp. 1-5
    • Bodnar1
  • 19
    • 84963166009 scopus 로고
    • Invoking Concepts, Problematizing Identities: The Life of Charles N. Hunter and the Implications for the Study of Gender and Labor
    • Labor History 34 (Spring-Summer)
    • A fviller discussion of the implications and mechanics of this approach are outlined in Earl Lewis, “Invoking Concepts, Problematizing Identities: The Life of Charles N. Hunter and the Implications for the Study of Gender and Labor,” Labor History 34 (Spring-Summer 1993), 292-308.
    • (1993) A fviller discussion of the implications and mechanics of this approach are outlined in Earl Lewis , pp. 292-308
  • 20
    • 84916094663 scopus 로고
    • 2 January.
    • Interview, 2 January 1981.
    • (1981) Interview
  • 23
    • 84977024630 scopus 로고
    • (Princeton), Katz may have simply meant physical distancing, but a degree of social distancing is an assumed result of physical Separation.
    • Michael Katz, ed., The Underclass Debate: Views From History (Princeton, 1993), 446. Katz may have simply meant physical distancing, but a degree of social distancing is an assumed result of physical Separation.
    • (1993) The Underclass Debate: Views From History , vol.446
    • Katz, M.1
  • 25
    • 84976947302 scopus 로고
    • (New York, 1977), Shuckin'and Jivin’ (Bloomington), chapters 10 and 12.
    • Lawrence Levine, Black Culture and Black Consciousness (New York, 1977), 370-440. Daryl Cumber Dance, Shuckin'and Jivin’ (Bloomington, 1978), chapters 10 and 12.
    • (1978) Daryl Cumber Dance , pp. 370-440
    • Levine, L.1    Culture, B.2    Consciousness, B.3
  • 28
    • 84976953519 scopus 로고
    • They were subsequently collected into five books of verse: Simple Speaks His Mind, Simple Takes a Wife, Simple Stakes a Claim, The Best of Simple, and Simple's Uncle Sam. The Ufe of Längsten Hughes: I Dream A World, 1941-1967 (New York, 1988), Charles Scmggs, Sweet Home: Invisible Cities in the Afro-AmericanNovel (Baltimore), 1-12.
    • Early Simple tales appeared in the Chicago Defender. They were subsequently collected into five books of verse: Simple Speaks His Mind, Simple Takes a Wife, Simple Stakes a Claim, The Best of Simple, and Simple's Uncle Sam. Arnold Rampersad, The Ufe of Längsten Hughes: I Dream A World, vol. II, 1941-1967 (New York, 1988), 62-67. Charles Scmggs, Sweet Home: Invisible Cities in the Afro-AmericanNovel (Baltimore, 1993), 1-12.
    • (1993) Early Simple tales appeared in the Chicago Defender. , vol.2 , pp. 62-67
    • Rampersad, A.1
  • 30
    • 84864579726 scopus 로고
    • ‘We Are Not What We Seem': Rethinking Black Working-Class Opposition in the Jim Crow South
    • (June), 84.
    • Robin D. G. Kelley, “‘We Are Not What We Seem': Rethinking Black Working-Class Opposition in the Jim Crow South,” Journal of American History 80 (June 1993), 84.
    • (1993) Journal of American History , vol.80
    • Kelley, R.D.G.1
  • 33
    • 84979163475 scopus 로고
    • Constructing a Life and a Community: A Story of the Life of Maggie Lena Walker
    • (Summer 1993), 28-29. Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women's Movement in the Black Baptist Church, 1880-1920 (Cambridge).
    • Elsa Barkley Brown, “Constructing a Life and a Community: A Story of the Life of Maggie Lena Walker,” OAH Magazine of History 1 (Summer 1993), 28-29. Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women's Movement in the Black Baptist Church, 1880-1920 (Cambridge, 1993).
    • (1993) OAH Magazine of History 1
    • Brown, E.B.1
  • 34
    • 12244285558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ‘We Are Not What We Seem,’
    • Kelley, “‘We Are Not What We Seem,’” 75-112.
    • Kelley1
  • 35
    • 85055297173 scopus 로고
    • AMarble House Divided: The Lincoln Memorial, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Politics of Memory, 1939-1963
    • The politics of memory is discussed in Scott A. Sandage, Journal of American History 80 (June)
    • The politics of memory is discussed in Scott A. Sandage, “AMarble House Divided: The Lincoln Memorial, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Politics of Memory, 1939-1963,” Journal of American History 80 (June 1993), 135-167.
    • (1993) , pp. 135-167
  • 36
    • 84977060694 scopus 로고
    • 8 November 1974; The Virginian-Pilot 9 November.
    • Ledger Star 8 November 1974; The Virginian-Pilot 9 November 1974.
    • (1974) Ledger Star
  • 37
    • 84976917239 scopus 로고
    • 19 June 1967, 9 November 1974; Norfolk Journal and Guide 25 April 1959. 16 November 1974. Norfolk Labor Journal 6 September.
    • The Virginian-Pilot 19 June 1967, 9 November 1974; Norfolk Journal and Guide 25 April 1959. 16 November 1974. Norfolk Labor Journal 6 September 1945.
    • (1945) The Virginian-Pilot
  • 38
    • 84976917239 scopus 로고
    • 19 June 1967, 9 November 1974; Norfolk Journal and Guide 25 April 1959. 16 November 1974. Norfolk Labor Journal 6 September.
    • The Virginian-Pilot 19 June 1967, 9 November 1974; Norfolk Journal and Guide 25 April 1959. 16 November 1974. Norfolk Labor Journal 6 September 1945.
    • (1945) The Virginian-Pilot
  • 40
    • 84977060689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responsibilities of the Black Scholar to the Community
    • Vincent Harding, “Responsibilities of the Black Scholar to the Community,” in The State ofAfro-American History, 280.
    • in The State ofAfro-American History , vol.280
    • Harding, V.1
  • 41
    • 84976932057 scopus 로고
    • This point was reiterated on March 5, Several area residents reclaimed me as one of them and applauded my decision to write the book.
    • This point was reiterated on March 5,1993, when I delivered a public lecture in Norfolk on black life during World War II. Several area residents reclaimed me as one of them and applauded my decision to write the book.
    • (1993) when I delivered a public lecture in Norfolk on black life during World War II.


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