Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas: Perspectives on indicators, knowledge gaps, barriers, and opportunities for action

Ecology and Society

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2016, Pages

  Kabisch, Nadja ^a,b,c   Frantzeskaki, Niki ^d   Pauleit, Stephan ^e   Naumann, Sandra ^f   Davis, McKenna ^f   Artmann, Martina ^g,h   Haase, Dagmar ^a,c   Knapp, Sonja ^a   Korn, Horst ⁱ   Stadler, Jutta ⁱ   Zaunberger, Karin ^j   Bonn, Aletta ^a,b,k  

^a HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH UFZ   (Germany)

^b GERMAN CENTRE FOR INTEGRATIVE BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH IDIV HALLE JENA LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^c HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^d ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^e TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^f ECOLOGIC INSTITUTE   (Germany)

^g LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGICAL URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT   (Germany)

^h UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG   (Austria)

ⁱ German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation   (Germany)

^j EUROPEAN COMMISSION   (Belgium)

^k FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

more..

Author keywords

Climate change; Cobenefits; Governance; Nature based solutions; Urban areas

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE EFFECT; KNOWLEDGE; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; URBAN AREA; URBAN PLANNING; VULNERABILITY;

EID: 84976601114     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17083087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5751/ES-08373-210239     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Alexandri, E., and P. Jones. 2008. Temperature decreases in an urban canyon due to green walls and green roofs in diverse climates. Building and Environment 43(4):480-493. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.10.055
2. Anguelovski, I. 2013. Beyond a livable and green neighborhood: asserting control, sovereignty and transgression in the Casc Antic of Barcelona. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 37(3):1012-1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12054
3. Arbak, E., and M.-C. Villeval. 2013. Voluntary leadership: motivation and influence. Social Choice and Welfare 40 (3):635-662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-011-0626-2
4. Artmann, M., and J. Breuste. 2015. Cities built for and by residents: soil sealing management in the eyes of urban dwellers in Germany. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 141(3): A5014004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000252
5. Backhaus, A., and O. Fryd. 2012. Analyzing the first loop design process for large-scale sustainable urban drainage system retrofits in Copenhagen, Denmark. Environment and Planning B 39:820-837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b37088
6. Balian, E., H. Eggermont, and X. Le Roux. 2014. Outcomes of the strategic foresight workshop. BiodivERsA Strategic Foresight workshop, Nature-based solutions in a BiodivERsA context. Brussels June 11-12. [online] URL: http://www.biodiversa. org/687/download
7. Baur, J. W. R., J. F. Tynon, and E. Gómez. 2013. Attitudes about urban nature parks: a case study of users and nonusers in Portland, Oregon. Landscape and Urban Planning 117:100-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.04.015
8. Bendt, P., S. Barthel, and J. Colding. 2013. Civic greening and environmental learning in public-access community gardens in Berlin. Landscape and Urban Planning 109(1):18-30. http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.10.003
9. Beninde, J., M. Veith, and A. Hochkirch. 2015. Biodiversity in cities needs space: a meta-analysis of factors determining intraurban biodiversity variation. Ecology Letters 18(6):581-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12427
10. Bodin, Ö., and B. I. Crona. 2009. The role of social networks in natural resource governance: What relational patterns make a difference? Global Environmental Change 19(3):366-374. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.05.002
11. Bowler, D. E., L. Buyung-Ali, T. M. Knight, and A. S. Pullin. 2010. Urban greening to cool towns and cities: a systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landscape and Urban Planning 97 (3):147-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.05.006
12. Boyd, E., B. Nykvist, S. Borgström, and I. A. Stacewicz. 2015. Anticipatory governance for social-ecological resilience. Ambio 44(S1):149-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0604-x
13. Byrne, J., and J. Wolch. 2009. Nature, race, and parks: past research and future directions for geographic research. Progress in Human Geography 33(6):743-765. http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/0309132509103156
14. Carrus, G., M. Scopelliti, R. Lafortezza, G. Colangelo, F. Ferrini, F. Salbitano, M. Agrimi, L. Portoghesi, P. Semenzato, and G. Sanesi. 2015. Go greener, feel better? The positive effects of biodiversity on the well-being of individuals visiting urban and peri-urban green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning 134:221-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.022
15. Checker, M. 2011. Wiped out by the "Greenwave": environmental gentrification and the paradoxical politics of urban sustainability. City and Society 23(2):210-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ j.1548-744x.2011.01063.x
16. Coaffee, J., and I. Deas. 2008. The search for policy innovation in urban governance: lessons from community-led regeneration partnerships. Public Policy and Administration 23(2):167-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952076707086254
17. Colding, J., and S. Barthel. 2013. The potential of "Urban Green Commons" in the resilience building of cities. Ecological Economics 86:156-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.10.016
18. Colls, A., N. Ash, and N. Ikkala. 2009. Ecosystem-based adaptation: a natural response to climate change. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland.
19. Connolly, J. J., E. S. Svendsen, D. R. Fisher, and L. K. Campbell. 2013. Organizing urban ecosystem services through environmental stewardship governance in New York City. Landscape and Urban Planning 109(1):76-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. landurbplan.2012.07.001
20. Cowan, C., C. Epple, H. Korn, R. Schliep, and J. Stadler, editors. 2010. Working with nature to tackle climate change. German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany.
21. Crona, B., and K. Hubacek. 2010. The right connections: How do social networks lubricate the machinery of natural resource governance? Ecology and Society 15(4):18. [online] URL: http:// www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art18/
22. Davies, C., R. Hansen, E. Rall, S. Pauleit, R. Lafortezza, Y. De Bellis, A. Santos, and I. Tosics. 2015. Green infrastructure planning and implementation-the status of European green space planning and implementation based on an analysis of selected European cityregions. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
23. Debarbieux, B., J. Balsiger, D. Djordjevic, S. Gaberell, and G. Rudaz. 2014. Scientific collectives in region-building processes. Environmental Science & Policy 42:149-159. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.06.005
24. de Groot, R. S., M. A. Wilson, and R. M. J. Boumans. 2002. A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecological Economics 41(3):393-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8009(02)00089-7
25. Dooling, S. 2009. Ecological gentrification: a research agenda exploring justice in the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33(3):621-639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ j.1468-2427.2009.00860.x
26. Doswald, N., and M. Osti. 2011. Ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation and mitigation-good practice examples and lessons learned in Europe. BfN-Skripten 306.
27. European Commission. 2015. Towards an EU research and innovation policy agenda for nature-based solutions and re-naturing cities. Final Report of the Horizon 2020 expert group on "Nature-Based Solutions and Re-Naturing Cities." European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
28. European Environmental Agency. 2012. Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2012. An indicator-based report. European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark.
29. Everard, M., and R. McInnes. 2013. Systemic solutions for multibenefit water and environmental management. Science of The Total Environment 461-462:170-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2013.05.010
30. Fisher, D. R., L. K. Campbell, and E. S. Svendsen. 2012. The organisational structure of urban environmental stewardship. Environmental Politics 21(1):26-48. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/09644016.2011.643367
31. Frantzeskaki, N., S. Jhagroe, and M. Howlett. 2016. Greening the state? The framing of sustainability in Dutch infrastructure governance. Environmental Science & Policy 58:123-130. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.01.011
32. Frantzeskaki, N., and N. Tilie. 2014. The dynamics of urban ecosystem governance in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Ambio 43 (4):542-555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0512-0
33. Frantzeskaki, N., J. Wittmayer, and D. Loorbach. 2014. The role of partnerships in 'realising' urban sustainability in Rotterdam's City Ports Area, the Netherlands. Journal of Cleaner Production 65:406-417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.023
34. Fryd, O., M. B. Jensen, S. T. Ingvertsen, J. Jeppesen, and J. Magid. 2010. Doing the first loop of planning for sustainable urban drainage system retrofits: a case study from Odense, Denmark. Urban Water Journal 7(6):367-378. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/1573062x.2010.527352
35. Gill, S. E., J. F. Handley, A. R. Ennos, and S. Pauleit. 2007. Adapting cities for climate change: the role of the green infrastructure. Built Environment 33:115-133. http://dx.doi. org/10.2148/benv.33.1.115
36. Gobster, P. H. 1998. Urban parks as green walls or green magnets? Interracial relations in neighborhood boundary parks. Landscape and Urban Planning 41(1):43-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ s0169-2046(98)00045-0
37. Goddard, M. A., A. J. Dougill, and T. G. Benton. 2010. Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 25(2):90-98. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.07.016
38. Graham, M., and H. Ernstson. 2012. Comanagement at the fringes: examining stakeholder perspectives at Macassar Dunes, Cape Town, South Africa-at the intersection of high biodiversity, urban poverty, and inequality. Ecology and Society 17(3):34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/es-04887-170334
39. Grimm, N. B., S. H. Faeth, N. E. Golubiewski, C. L. Redman, J. Wu, X. Bai, and J. M. Briggs. 2008. Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319(5864):756-760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/ science.1150195
40. Haase, D., N. Kabisch, and A. Haase. 2013. Endless urban growth? On the mismatch of population, household and urban land area growth and its effects on the urban debate. PLoS ONE 8(6):e66531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066531
41. Haase, D., N. Larondelle, E. Andersson, M. Artmann, S. Borgström, J. Breuste, E. Gomez-Baggethun, Å. Gren, Z. Hamstead, R. Hansen, N. Kabisch, P. Kremer, J. Langemeyer, E. L. Rall, T. McPhearson, S. Pauleit, S. Qureshi, N. Schwarz, A. Voigt, D. Wurster, and T. Elmqvist. 2014. A quantitative review of urban ecosystem service assessments: concepts, models, and implementation. Ambio 43(4):413-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s13280-014-0504-0
42. Haffner, J. 2015. The dangers of eco-gentrification: what's the best way to make a city greener? The Guardian, 6 May. [online] URL: http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/may/06/dangers-ecogentrificationbest-way-make-city-greener
43. Hamann, R., and K. April. 2013. On the role and capabilities of collaborative intermediary organisations in urban sustainability transitions. Journal of Cleaner Production 50:12-21. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.017
44. Hansen, R., N. Frantzeskaki, T. McPhearson, E. Rall, N. Kabisch, A. Kaczorowska, J.-H. Kain, M. Artmann, and S. Pauleit. 2015. The uptake of the ecosystem services concept in planning discourses of European and American cities. Ecosystem Services 12:228-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.11.013
45. Hansen, R., and S. Pauleit. 2014. From multifunctionality to multiple ecosystem services? A conceptual framework for multifunctionality in green infrastructure planning for urban areas. Ambio 43(4):516-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0510-2
46. Hartig, T., R. Mitchell, S. de Vries, and H. Frumkin. 2014. Nature and health. Annual Review of Public Health 35:207-228. http://dx. doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182443
47. Hunter, A. M., N. S. G. Williams, J. P. Rayner, L. Aye, D. Hes, and S. J. Livesley. 2014. Quantifying the thermal performance of green façades: a critical review. Ecological Engineering 63:102-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.021
48. Irvine, K. N., S. L. Warber, P. Devine-Wright, and K. J. Gaston. 2013. Understanding urban green space as a health resource: a qualitative comparison of visit motivation and derived effects among park users in Sheffield, UK. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10(1):417-442. http:// dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10010417
49. Johnson, M. F., C. Hannah, L. Acton, R. Popovici, K. K. Karanth, and E. Weinthal. 2014. Network environmentalism: citizen scientists as agents for environmental advocacy. Global Environmental Change 29:235-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. gloenvcha.2014.10.006
50. Kabisch, N. 2015. Ecosystem service implementation and governance challenges in urban green space planning: the case of Berlin, Germany. Land Use Policy 42:557-567. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.09.005
51. Kabisch, N., A. Bonn, J. Stadler, and H. Korn. 2015b. Naturebased solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas and their rural surroundings-successes, challenges and evidence gaps-towards management and policy recommendations. BfN-Expert workshop documentation, Vilm, 10-11 March. German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany.
52. Kabisch, N., and D. Haase. 2013. Green spaces of European cities revisited for 1990-2006. Landscape and Urban Planning 110:113-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.10.017
53. Kabisch, N., S. Qureshi, and D. Haase. 2015a. Humanenvironment interactions in urban green spaces-a systematic review of contemporary issues and prospects for future research. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 50:25-34. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.eiar.2014.08.007
54. Keniger, L. E., K. J. Gaston, K. N. Irvine, and R. A. Fuller. 2013. What are the benefits of interacting with nature? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10 (3):913-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10030913
55. Kirkpatrick, J. B., A. Davison, and A. Harwood. 2013. How tree professionals perceive trees and conflicts about trees in Australia's urban forest. Landscape and Urban Planning 119:124-130. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.07.009
56. Knapp, S., I. Kuehn, J. Stolle, and S. Klotz. 2010. Changes in the functional composition of a Central European urban flora over three centuries. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics 12:235-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2009.11.001
57. Krasny, M. E., A. Russ, K. G. Tidball, and T. Elmqvist. 2014. Civic ecology practices: participatory approaches to generating and measuring ecosystem services in cities. Ecosystem Services 7:177-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.11.002
58. Kronenberg, J. 2015. Why not to green a city? Institutional barriers to preserving urban ecosystem services. Ecosystem Services 12:218-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.07.002
59. Levallius, J. 2005. Green roofs on municipal buildings in Lund-modeling potential environmental benefits. Thesis. Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analysis, Lund University, Sweden.
60. Lohr, V. I., C. H. Pearson-Mims, J. Tarnai, and D. A. Dillman. 2004. How urban residents rate and rank the benefits and problems associated with trees in cities. Journal of Arboriculture 30:28-35.
61. Lyytimäki, J., and M. Sipilä. 2009. Hopping on one leg-the challenge of ecosystem disservices for urban green management. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 8(4):309-315. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.09.003
62. McMichael, A. J., S. Friel, A. Nyong, and C. Corvalan. 2008. Global environmental change and health: impacts, inequalities, and the health sector. BMJ 336(7637):191-194. http://dx.doi. org/10.1136/bmj.39392.473727.ad
63. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
64. Moore, M., and F. Westley. 2011. Surmountable chasms: networks and social innovation for resilient systems. Ecology and Society 16(1):5. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety. org/vol16/iss1/art5/
65. Moseley, D., M. Marzano, J. Chetcuti, and K. Watts. 2013. Green networks for people: application of a functional approach to support the planning and management of greenspace. Landscape and Urban Planning 116:1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. landurbplan.2013.04.004
66. Naumann, S., G. Anzaldua, P. Berry, S. Burch, M. Davis, A. Frelih-Larsen, H. Sanders, and M. Gerdes. 2011. Assessment of the potential of ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation and mitigation in Europe. Final report to the European Commission. Ecologic Institute, Berlin, Germany and Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Oxford, UK.
67. Naumann, S., M. Davis, B. Goeller, L. Gradmann, A. Mederake, J. Stadler, and K. Bockmühl. 2015. Ökosystembasierte Ansätze zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel und zum Klimaschutz im deutschsprachigen Raum. BfN-Skripten. German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Bonn, Germany.
68. Naumann, S., T. Kaphengst, K. McFarland, and J. Stadler. 2014. Nature-based approaches for climate change mitigation and adaptation. German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Ecologic Institute, Bonn, Germany.
69. Niemela, J. 1999. Ecology and urban planning. Biodiversity & Conservation 8:119-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008817325994
70. Ohl, C., K. Johst, J. Meyerhoff, M. Beckenkamp, V. Grüsgen, and M. Drechsler. 2010. Long-term socio-ecological research (LTSER) for biodiversity protection-a complex systems approach for the study of dynamic human-nature interactions. Ecological Complexity 7:170-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ecocom.2009.10.002
71. Pauleit, S., L. Liu, J. Ahern, and A. Kazmierczak. 2011. Multifunctional green infrastructure planning to promote ecological services in the city. Pages 272-285 in J. Niemelä, editor. Urban ecology: patterns, processes, and applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof: oso/9780199563562.003.0033
72. Pereira, L., T. Karpouzoglou, S. Doshi, and N. Frantzeskaki. 2015. Organising a safe space for navigating social-ecological transformations to sustainability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12(6):6027-6044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120606027
73. Richardson, E. A., J. Pearce, R. Mitchell, and S. Kingham. 2013. Role of physical activity in the relationship between urban green space and health. Public Health 127(4):318-324. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.004
74. Richter, C. H., J. Xu, and B. A. Wilcox. 2015. Opportunities and challenges of the ecosystem approach. Futures 67:40-51. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2014.12.002
75. Santamouris, M. 2014. Cooling the cities-a review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments. Solar Energy 103:682-703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.003
76. Scherba, A., D. J. Sailor, T. N. Rosenstiel, and C. C. Wamser. 2011. Modeling impacts of roof reflectivity, integrated photovoltaic panels and green roof systems on sensible heat flux into the urban environment. Building and Environment 46(12):2542-2551. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.06.012
77. Schmitt, U., G. Koch, B. Lüer, D. Dujesiefken, and G. Koch. 2014. The Massaria disease of plane trees: its wood decay mechanism. IAWA 35(4):395-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000074
78. Schröter, D., W. Cramer, R. Leemans, I. C. Prentice, M. B. Araújo, N. W. Arnell, A. Bondeau, H. Bugmann, T. R. Carter, C. A. Gracia, et al. 2005. Ecosystem service supply and vulnerability to global change in Europe. Science 310:1333-1337. http://dx.doi. org/10.1126/science.1115233
79. Science for Environment Policy. 2015. Ecosystem services and the environment. In-depth Report 11 produced for the European Commission, DG Environment by the Science Communication Unit, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
80. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2009. Connecting biodiversity and climate change mitigation and adaptation: report of the Second Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Biodiversity and Climate Change. Montréal, Québec, Canada.
81. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2012. Cities and biodiversity outlook. Montréal, Québec, Canada.
82. Seto, K. C., M. Fragkias, B. Güneralp, and M. K. Reilly. 2011. A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023777
83. Seymour, M., J. Wolch, K. D. Reynolds, and H. Bradbury. 2010. Resident perceptions of urban alleys and alley greening. Applied Geography 30(3):380-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2009.11.002
84. Shandas, V., and W. B. Messer. 2008. Fostering green communities through civic engagement: community-based environmental stewardship in the Portland area. Journal of the American Planning Association 74(4):408-418. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/01944360802291265
85. Sparks, T. H., S. H. M. Butchard, A. Balmford, L. Bennun, D. Stanwell-Smith, M. Walpole, N. R. Bates, B. Bomhard, G. M. Buchanan, A. M. Chenery, B. Collen, J. Csirke, R. J. Diaz, N. K. Dulvy, C. Fitzgerald, V. Kapos, P. Mayaux, M. Tierney, M. Waycott, L. Wood, and R. E. Green. 2011. Linked indicator sets for addressing biodiversity loss. Oryx 45(03):411-419. http://dx. doi.org/10.1017/s003060531100024x
86. Spruijt, P., A. B. Knol, E. Vasileiadou, J. Devilee, E. Lebret, and A. C. Petersen. 2014. Roles of scientists as policy advisers on complex issues: a literature review. Environmental Science and Policy 40:16-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.03.002
87. The Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity (TEEB). 2011. The Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity: TEEB manual for cities: ecosystem services in urban management. TEEB, Geneva, Switzerland
88. Visseren-Hamakers, I. J., P. Leroy, and P. Glasbergen. 2012. Conservation partnerships and biodiversity governance: fulfilling governance functions through interaction. Sustainable Development 20(4):264-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sd.482
89. Von Döhren, P., and D. Haase. 2015. Ecosystem disservices research: a review of the state of the art with a focus on cities. Ecological Indicators 52:490-497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ecolind.2014.12.027
90. White, M. P., I. Alcock, B. W. Wheeler, and M. H. Depledge. 2013. Would you be happier living in a greener urban area? A fixedeffects analysis of panel data. Psychological Science 24 (6):920-928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797612464659
91. White, P., M. Pelling, K. Sen, D. Seddon, S. Russel, and R. Few. 2005. Disaster risk reduction: a development concern. A scoping study on links between disaster risk reduction, poverty and development. Department for International Development, London, UK.
92. Wolch, J. R., J. Byrne, and J. P. Newell. 2014. Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: the challenge of making cities 'just green enough.' Landscape and Urban Planning 125:234-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017
93. Woolthuis, R. K., F. Hooimeijer, B. Bossink, G. Mulder, and J. Brouwer. 2013. Institutional entrepreneurship in sustainable urban development: Dutch successes as inspiration for transformation. Journal of Cleaner Production 50:91-100. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.031
94. World Health Organization and Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2015. Connecting global priorities: biodiversity and human health: a state of knowledge review. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
95. Yang, J., Q. Yu, and P. Gong. 2008. Quantifying air pollution removal by green roofs in Chicago. Atmospheric Environment 42 (31):7266-7273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.003
96. Ziter, C. 2015. The biodiversity-ecosystem service relationship in urban areas: a quantitative review. Oikos. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/oik.02883