Use of portable exposimeters to monitor radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in the everyday environment

Environmental Research

Volumn 150, Issue , 2016, Pages 289-298

  Sagar, Sanjay ^a,b   Struchen, Benjamin ^a,b   Finta, Viktoria ^c   Eeftens, Marloes ^a,b   Röösli, Martin ^a,b  

^a SWISS TROPICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^c EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

Author keywords

Exposure assessment, mobile phone handset; Microenvironment; Mobile phone base station; Monitoring; Portable exposure meter (exposimeters); Radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF)

Indexed keywords

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; HETEROGENEITY; MOBILE COMMUNICATION; MONITORING SYSTEM; PUBLIC SPACE; PUBLIC TRANSPORT; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIO WAVE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; WALKING;

ARITHMETIC; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; INDUSTRIAL AREA; MEASUREMENT REPEATABILITY; MOBILE PHONE; PORTABLE EQUIPMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOFREQUENCY; RESIDENTIAL AREA; SWITZERLAND; WALKING; DEVICES; ELECTROMAGNETISM; PROCEDURES; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION MONITORING; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION;

SWITZERLAND;

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION MONITORING; RADIO WAVES; SWITZERLAND;

EID: 84976407610     PISSN: 00139351     EISSN: 10960953     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.020     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Aerts, S., Deschrijver, D., Verloock, L., Dhaene, T., Martens, L., Joseph, W., Assessment of outdoor radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure through hotspot localization using kriging-based sequential sampling. Environ. Res. 126 (2013), 184–191, 10.1016/j.envres.2013.05.005.
2. Aerts, S., Deschrijver, D., Joseph, W., Verloock, L., Goeminne, F., Martens, L., Dhaene, T., Exposure assessment of mobile phone base station radiation in an outdoor environment using sequential surrogate modeling. Bioelectromagnetics 34:4 (2013), 300–311, 10.1002/bem.21764.
3. Ahlbom, A., Bridges, J., de Seze, R., Hillert, L., Juutilainen, J., Mattsson, M.-O., Bromen, K., Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on human health - opinion of the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR). Toxicology 246:2–3 (2008), 248–250, 10.1016/j.tox.2008.02.004.
4. Bürgi, A., Theis, G., Siegenthaler, A., Röösli, M., Exposure modeling of high-frequency electromagnetic fields. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 18:2 (2008), 183–191.
5. Bürgi, A., Frei, P., Theis, G., Mohler, E., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Fröhlich, J., Röösli, M., A model for radiofrequency electromagnetic field predictions at outdoor and indoor locations in the context of epidemiological research. Bioelectromagnetics, 2010, 10.1002/bem.20552.
6. Beekhuizen, J., Vermeulen, R., van Eijsden, M., van Strien, R., Bürgi, A., Loomans, E., Huss, A., Modelling indoor electromagnetic fields (EMF) from mobile phone base stations for epidemiological studies. Environ. Int. 67 (2014), 22–26, 10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.008.
7. Berg-Beckhoff, G., Blettner, M., Kowall, B., Breckenkamp, J., Schlehofer, B., Schmiedel, S., Schuz, J., Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: phase 2 of a cross-sectional study with measured radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Occup. Environ. Med. 66:2 (2008), 124–130, 10.1136/oem.2008.039834.
8. Blas, J., Lago, F.A., Fernández, P., Lorenzo, R.M., Abril, E., Potential exposure assessment errors associated with body-worn RF dosimeters. Bioelectromagnetics 28:7 (2007), 573–576, 10.1002/bem.20355.
9. Bolte, J.F.B., Eikelboom, T., Personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurements in the Netherlands: Exposure level and variability for everyday activities, times of day and types of area. Environ. Int. 48 (2012), 133–142, 10.1016/j.envint.2012.07.006.
10. Bolte, J.F.B., van der Zande, G., Kamer, J., Calibration and uncertainties in personal exposure measurements of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 32:8 (2011), 652–663, 10.1002/bem.20677.
11. Bornkessel, C., Schubert, M., Wuschek, M., Schmidt, P., Determination of the general public exposure around GSM and UMTS base stations. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 124:1 (2007), 40–47, 10.1093/rpd/ncm373.
12. Estenberg, J., Augustsson, T., Extensive frequency selective measurements of radiofrequency fields in outdoor environments performed with a novel mobile monitoring system: RF measurements in outdoor environments. Bioelectromagnetics 35:3 (2014), 227–230, 10.1002/bem.21830.
13. Frei, P., Mohler, E., Bürgi, A., Fröhlich, J., Neubauer, G., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Röösli, M., A prediction model for personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Sci. Total Environ. 408:1 (2009), 102–108, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.023.
14. Frei, P., Mohler, E., Neubauer, G., Theis, G., Bürgi, A., Fröhlich, J., Röösli, M., Temporal and spatial variability of personal exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Environ. Res. 109:6 (2009), 779–785, 10.1016/j.envres.2009.04.015.
15. Frei, P., Mohler, E., Bürgi, A., Fröhlich, J., Neubauer, G., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Röösli, M., Classification of personal exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) for epidemiological research: Evaluation of different exposure assessment methods. Environ. Int. 36:7 (2010), 714–720, 10.1016/j.envint.2010.05.005.
16. ICT Facts and Figures, 2015. International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved from: 〈 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/Facts/ICTFactsFigures2015.PDF〉.
17. Inyang, I., Benke, G., McKenzie, R., Abramson, M., Comparison of measuring instruments for radiofrequency radiation from mobile telephones in epidemiological studies: Implications for exposure assessment. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 18 (2008), 134–141.
18. Iskra, S., McKenzie, R., Cosic, I., Factors influencing uncertainty in measurement of electric fields close to the body in personal RF dosimetry. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 140:1 (2010), 25–33, 10.1093/rpd/ncp309.
19. Joseph, W., Vermeeren, G., Verloock, L., Heredia, M.M., Martens, L., Characterization of personal RF electromagnetic field exposure and actual absorption for the general public. Health Phys. 95:3 (2008), 317–330.
20. Joseph, W., Verloock, L., Goeminne, F., Vermeeren, G., Martens, L., Assessment of RF exposures from emerging wireless communication technologies in different environments. Health Phys. 102:2 (2012), 161–172, 10.1097/HP.0b013e31822f8e39.
21. Joseph, W., Frei, P., Roösli, M., Thuróczy, G., Gajsek, P., Trcek, T., Martens, L., Comparison of personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in different urban areas across Europe. Environ. Res. 110:7 (2010), 658–663, 10.1016/j.envres.2010.06.009.
22. Knafl, U., Lehmann, H., Riederer, M., Electromagnetic field measurements using personal exposimeters. Bioelectromagnetics 29:2 (2008), 160–162, 10.1002/bem.20373.
23. Neitzke, H.-P., Osterhoff, J., Peklo, K., Voigt, H., Determination of exposure due to mobile phone base stations in an epidemiological study. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 124:1 (2007), 35–39, 10.1093/rpd/ncm371.
24. Neubauer, G., Feychting, M., Hamnerius, Y., Kheifets, L., Kuster, N., Ruiz, I., Röösli, M., Feasibility of future epidemiological studies on possible health effects of mobile phone base stations. Bioelectromagnetics 28:3 (2007), 224–230, 10.1002/bem.20298.
25. Neubauer, G., Cecil, S., Giczi, W., Petric, B., Preiner, P., Fröhlich, J., Röösli, M., The association between exposure determined by radiofrequency personal exposimeters and human exposure: a simulation study. Bioelectromagnetics 31:7 (2010), 535–545, 10.1002/bem.20587.
26. Röösli, M., Frei, P., Bolte, J., Neubauer, G., Cardis, E., Feychting, M., et al. Conduct of a personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurement study: proposed study protocol. Environ. Health, 9(1), 2010, 23.
27. Röösli, M., Frei, P., Mohler, E., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Bürgi, A., Fröhlich, J., Egger, M., Statistical analysis of personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurements with nondetects. Bioelectromagnetics 29:6 (2008), 471–478, 10.1002/bem.20417.
28. Radon, K., Spegel, H., Meyer, N., Klein, J., Brix, J., Wiedenhofer, A., Nowak, D., Personal dosimetry of exposure to mobile telephone base stations? An epidemiologic feasibility study comparing the Maschek dosimeter prototype and the Antennessa DSP-090 system. Bioelectromagnetics 27:1 (2006), 77–81, 10.1002/bem.20175.
29. Thuróczy, G., Molnár, F., Jánossy, G., Nagy, N., Kubinyi, G., Bakos, J., Szabó †, J., Personal RF exposimetry in Urban Area. Ann. Telecommun. - Ann. Des. Télécommun. 63:1–2 (2008), 87–96, 10.1007/s12243-007-0008-z.
30. Tomitsch, J., Dechant, E., Frank, W., Survey of electromagnetic field exposure in bedrooms of residences in lower Austria. Bioelectromagnetics, 2010, 10.1002/bem.20548.
31. Urbinello, D., Röösli, M., Impact of one's own mobile phone in stand-by mode on personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 23:5 (2013), 545–548.
32. Urbinello, D., Huss, A., Beekhuizen, J., Vermeulen, R., Röösli, M., Use of portable exposure meters for comparing mobile phone base station radiation in different types of areas in the cities of Basel and Amsterdam. Sci. Total Environ. 468–469 (2014), 1028–1033, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.012.
33. Urbinello, D., Joseph, W., Verloock, L., Martens, L., Röösli, M., Temporal trends of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure in everyday environments across European cities. Environ. Res. 134 (2014), 134–142, 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.003.
34. Urbinello, D., Joseph, W., Huss, A., Verloock, L., Beekhuizen, J., Vermeulen, R., Röösli, M., Radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) (exposure levels in different European outdoor urban environments in comparison with regulatory limits. Environ. Int. 68 (2014), 49–54, 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.007.
35. Viel, J.-F., Cardis, E., Moissonnier, M., de Seze, R., Hours, M., Radiofrequency exposure in the French general population: Band, time, location and activity variability. Environ. Int. 35:8 (2009), 1150–1154, 10.1016/j.envint.2009.07.007.
36. World Health Organization, 2010. WHO Research Agenda for Radiofrequency Fields. Retrieved from: 〈 http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44396〉.