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1
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84976110385
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‘Civil Service’, ‘Public Office’, ‘Public Servants/Service’
-
London See New English Dictionary gives the earliest known use of the term ‘civil service’ from a Treasury letter of 1816
-
See New English Dictionary, ‘Civil Service’, ‘Public Office’, ‘Public Servants/Service’. D. M. Young, The Colonial Office in the Early 19th Century (London, 1961), pp. 8, 163, gives the earliest known use of the term ‘civil service’ from a Treasury letter of 1816;
-
(1961)
D. M. Young, The Colonial Office in the Early 19th Century
, vol.8
, pp. 163
-
-
-
2
-
-
84976150835
-
Blackstone's well-known definition of an office as ‘a right to exercise a public or private employment, and to take the fees and emoluments thereunto belonging’ is quoted in E. W. Cohen
-
repr. 1965 London n. 1
-
Blackstone's well-known definition of an office as ‘a right to exercise a public or private employment, and to take the fees and emoluments thereunto belonging’ is quoted in E. W. Cohen, The Growth oj the British Civil Service 1780–1939 (London, 1941; repr. 1965), p. 20, n. 1.
-
(1941)
The Growth oj the British Civil Service
, vol.1780-1939
, pp. 20
-
-
-
4
-
-
42449091256
-
-
For the 1780s,see (in order of publication): Law Quarterly Revue
-
For the 1780s,see (in order of publication): D. L. Keir, ‘Economical Reform, 1779–1787′, Law Quarterly Revue 1 (1934), 368–85;
-
(1934)
‘Economical Reform, 1779–1787′
, vol.1
, pp. 368-385
-
-
Keir, D.L.1
-
5
-
-
84975945663
-
Growth of the British Civil Service, chs. II-IV; B. Kemp, ‘Crewe's Act, 1782’
-
Cohen, Growth of the British Civil Service, chs. II-IV; B. Kemp, ‘Crewe's Act, 1782’, Eng. Hist. Rev., lxviii (1953), 258–63;
-
(1953)
Eng. Hist. Rev.
, vol.lxviii
, pp. 258-263
-
-
Cohen1
-
12
-
-
84979410065
-
‘The Emergence of Constitutional Bureaucracy in the British Foreign Office, 1782–1841′
-
C. R. Middleton, ‘The Emergence of Constitutional Bureaucracy in the British Foreign Office, 1782–1841′, Public Administration, liii (1975), 365–81;
-
Public Administration
, vol.liii
-
-
Middleton, C.R.1
-
13
-
-
0003374589
-
‘Social Class and Bureaucratic Innovation: the Commissioners for Examining the Public Accounts 1780–1787′
-
J. R. Torrance, ‘Social Class and Bureaucratic Innovation: the Commissioners for Examining the Public Accounts 1780–1787′, Past & Present, 78 (1978), 56–81.
-
(1978)
Past & Present
, vol.78
, pp. 56-81
-
-
Torrance, J.R.1
-
17
-
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84975976898
-
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1689–1697 (Cambridge See and 683–6
-
See J. Ehrman, The Navy in the War of William III 1689–1697 (Cambridge, 1953), pp. 595–8 and 683–6.
-
(1953)
The Navy in the War of William
, vol.III
, pp. 595-598
-
-
Ehrman, J.1
-
18
-
-
0002223341
-
-
London cites and discusses various uses of the phrase in a general political sense, but not specifically in terms of government or administration
-
J. A. W. Gunn, Politics and the Public Interest in the 17th Century (London, 1969), cites and discusses various uses of the phrase in a general political sense, but not specifically in terms of government or administration.
-
(1969)
Politics and the Public Interest in the 17th Century
-
-
Gunn, J.A.W.1
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21
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84976038699
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An Inquiry into the Causes of our Naval Miscarriages …
-
and (a little later, during the next war) 2nd edn., London, 1707
-
and (a little later, during the next war) An Inquiry into the Causes of our Naval Miscarriages … (2nd edn., London, 1707, repr. in Harleian Miscellany, vol. I (1748), pp. 547–64.
-
(1748)
repr. in Harleian Miscellany
, vol.I
, pp. 547-564
-
-
-
23
-
-
0007210394
-
-
New York For the Customs, see repr. Newton Abbot, 1968), and among contemporary works, Anon., The Undue Administration: Or, The Usual Managements of the Customs Considered; And Compar'd with the late pernicious Practices of Removing and Placing Officers, contrary to all former Precedents … (London, 1718), against the political purges conducted by the Whigs since 1714; and the pamphlets of Henry Crouch in the 1720s on the system of duties and the establishment. Forthe Excise, besides Hughes, Studies, see R. E., Choice Chips of Revenue Lore. Being Papers relating to the Establishment of the Excise … (Portsmouth, 1877), with many extracts from original departmental documents;
-
For the Customs, see E. E. Hoon, The Organisation of the English Customs System 1696–1786 (New York, 1938; repr. Newton Abbot, 1968), and among contemporary works, Anon., The Undue Administration: Or, The Usual Managements of the Customs Considered; And Compar'd with the late pernicious Practices of Removing and Placing Officers, contrary to all former Precedents … (London, 1718), against the political purges conducted by the Whigs since 1714; and the pamphlets of Henry Crouch in the 1720s on the system of duties and the establishment. Forthe Excise, besides Hughes, Studies, see R. E., Choice Chips of Revenue Lore. Being Papers relating to the Establishment of the Excise … (Portsmouth, 1877), with many extracts from original departmental documents;
-
(1938)
The Organisation of the English Customs System 1696–1786
-
-
Hoon, E.E.1
-
25
-
-
79954513404
-
-
London which despite its title has less meat in it than either R. E. or Owens. Among contemporary works set Instructions for tke Gaugers of Excise in the Country (London, 1712)
-
B. R. Leftwich, A History of the Excise … (London, (?) 1909), which despite its title has less meat in it than either R. E. or Owens. Among contemporary works set Instructions for tke Gaugers of Excise in the Country (London, 1712);
-
(1909)
A History of the Excise
-
-
Leftwich, B.R.1
-
27
-
-
84976150421
-
-
London Owens lists six works on gauging published between 1678 and the first edition of Leadbetter in the 1740s
-
Samuel Clark, The British Gauger … (London, 1761). Owens lists six works on gauging published between 1678 and the first edition of Leadbetter in the 1740s.
-
(1761)
The British Gauger
-
-
Clark, S.1
-
30
-
-
84976084827
-
-
Letter 79 ed. C. F. Hardy (London 5 May 1776
-
Benenden Letters, London, Country and Abroad 1753–1821, ed. C. F. Hardy (London, 1901), Letter 79, pp. 139–40 (5 May 1776).
-
(1901)
London, Country and Abroad 1753–1821
, pp. 139-140
-
-
Letters, B.1
-
31
-
-
84976108493
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‘Admiralty Secretaries and the British Civil Service’
-
Besides general histories of the Royal Navy, see
-
Besides general histories of the Royal Navy, see F. B. Wickwire, ‘Admiralty Secretaries and the British Civil Service’, Huntington Library Qtrly., xxviii (1964–1965), 23554;
-
(1964)
Huntington Library Qtrly
, vol.xxviii
, pp. 23554
-
-
Wickwire, F.B.1
-
34
-
-
84976201850
-
The Preparation ofNaval Estimates and the Beginnings of Treasury Control’
-
The Preparation ofNaval Estimates and the Beginnings of Treasury Control’, The Mariner's Mirror, liii (1967), 63–72
-
(1967)
The Mariner's Mirror
, vol.liii
, pp. 63-72
-
-
-
35
-
-
84974307540
-
‘Royal Dockyards: The Earliest Visitations and Reforms, 1749–1778′
-
J. M. Haas, ‘Royal Dockyards: The Earliest Visitations and Reforms, 1749–1778′, Hist. Jnl., xiii (1970), 191–215;
-
(1970)
Hist. Jnl.
, vol.xiii
, pp. 191-215
-
-
Haas, J.M.1
-
36
-
-
84975975975
-
-
ed. D. Baugh (Navy Rec. Soc.
-
Naval Administration 1715–50, ed. D. Baugh (Navy Rec. Soc., vol. 120, 1977);
-
(1977)
Naval Administration 1715–50
, vol.120
-
-
-
37
-
-
84979403978
-
‘The Rebuilding and Repair of the Fleet, 1783–93′
-
P. L. C. Webb, ‘The Rebuilding and Repair of the Fleet, 1783–93′, Bull. Inst. Hist. Res., 1 (1977), 194–209;
-
(1977)
Bull. Inst. Hist. Res.
, vol.1
, pp. 194-209
-
-
Webb, P.L.C.1
-
38
-
-
34447421950
-
‘Wages and Manning: the Navy Act of 1758′
-
There are many, earlier articles in the Mariner's Mirror still of relevance. Of the older works, C. N. Robinson, The British Fleet (London, 1894)
-
S. F. Gradish, ‘Wages and Manning: the Navy Act of 1758′, Eng. Hist. Rev., xciii (1978), 46–67. There are many, earlier articles in the Mariner's Mirror still of relevance. Of the older works, C. N. Robinson, The British Fleet (London, 1894)
-
(1978)
Eng. Hist. Rev.
, vol.xciii
, pp. 46-67
-
-
Gradish, S.F.1
-
39
-
-
67650869173
-
-
London and are among the most useful
-
and R. V. Hamilton, Naval Administration … (London, 1896), are among the most useful;
-
(1896)
Naval Administration
-
-
Hamilton, R.V.1
-
43
-
-
84976073100
-
-
the Fourth Report Parliamentary Papers, 1806 For Dundas's involvement
-
Parliamentary Papers, 1806, ‘The Ten Reports of the Commissioners on Fees etc, ofPublic Offices; 1786, 1787, 1788′, the Fourth Report, pp. 143–5. For Dundas's involvement
-
‘The Ten Reports of the Commissioners on Fees etc, ofPublic Offices; 1786, 1787, 1788′
, pp. 143-145
-
-
-
44
-
-
84976110502
-
-
see The cash balances were usually, of course, much smaller in time of peace
-
see C. Matheson, The Life of Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville (London, 1933), and Binney, British Public Finance and Administration, pp. 147–9. The cash balances were usually, of course, much smaller in time of peace.
-
The Life of Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville (London, 1933), and Binney, British Public Finance and Administration
, pp. 147-149
-
-
Matheson, C.1
-
46
-
-
84976150483
-
-
London Compare I, ch. iii
-
Compare W. E. H. Lecky, History of England during the 18th Century (8 vols., London, 1878–1890), I, ch. iii, p. 328;
-
(1878)
History of England during the 18th Century
, vol.8
, pp. 328
-
-
Lecky, W.E.H.1
-
47
-
-
84976073083
-
-
rev. edn. by C. H. Stuart, 1962 Oxford art. ‘Thomas Parker; B. Williams 203n
-
D.N.B., art. ‘Thomas Parker; B. Williams, The Whig Supremecy 1714–60 (Oxford, 1939; rev. edn. by C. H. Stuart, 1962), pp. 63–64, 203n.;
-
(1939)
The Whig Supremecy 1714–60
, pp. 63-64
-
-
-
50
-
-
0344269407
-
-
London and Of these, Williams's account is the fullest
-
and W. A. Speck, Stability and Strife: England 1714–1760 (London, 1977), pp. 230–1. Of these, Williams's account is the fullest.
-
(1977)
Stability and Strife: England 1714–1760
, pp. 230-231
-
-
Speck, W.A.1
-
51
-
-
84976113092
-
-
London The literature on this is very extensive. See D.N.B., art. ‘Bacon’
-
The literature on this is very extensive. See J. Spedding, Letters and Life of Francis Bacon … vol. VII (London, 1874); D.N.B., art. ‘Bacon’;
-
(1874)
Letters and Life of Francis Bacon
, vol.VII
-
-
Spedding, J.1
-
52
-
-
84976113098
-
-
ch. xxxiv; C. C. G.,Tite, Impeachment and Parliamentary Judicature in Early Stuart England (London, 1974), chs. IV-V;
-
S. R. Gardiner, History of England… 1603–42 (10 vols., 1884–1891), ch. xxxiv; C. C. G.,Tite, Impeachment and Parliamentary Judicature in Early Stuart England (London, 1974), chs. IV-V;
-
(1884)
History of England… 1603–42
, vol.10
-
-
Gardiner, S.R.1
-
54
-
-
84976032006
-
-
3 vols Roger North, Life of Lord Guildford London ed. A. Jessop para. 347
-
The Lives of the Norths, ed. A. Jessop (3 vols., London, 1890), vol. I; Roger North, Life of Lord Guildford, pp. 297–298, para. 347.
-
(1890)
The Lives of the Norths
, vol.I
, pp. 297-298
-
-
-
55
-
-
84976073061
-
The Private Diary of William
-
ed. E. C. Hawtrey (Roxburghe Club
-
The Private Diary of William, first Earl Cowper, Lord Chancellor of England, ed. E. C. Hawtrey (Roxburghe Club, No. 49, 1833), pp. 29–30;
-
(1833)
first Earl Cowper, Lord Chancellor of England
, Issue.49
, pp. 29-30
-
-
-
58
-
-
84976150459
-
-
510, 660
-
Commons Journals, XXI, 1727–1732, pp. 510, 660;
-
Commons Journals
, vol.XXI
, pp. 1727-1732
-
-
-
59
-
-
84976032030
-
-
not printed in the Journals ‘Lists of the Officers and their Deputies belonging to the Several Courts … With the … Tables of Fees….’
-
Votes of the House of Commons (not printed in the Journals), XI, 1730–1731, ‘Lists of the Officers and their Deputies belonging to the Several Courts … With the … Tables of Fees….’
-
Votes of the House of Commons
, vol.XI
, pp. 1730-1731
-
-
-
61
-
-
84976198271
-
-
807–9
-
Commons Journal, XXI, pp. 782, 807–9.
-
Commons Journal
, vol.XXI
, pp. 782
-
-
-
62
-
-
61949290106
-
-
London et al. ‘St. Albans’; John Wade, The Black Book; Or, Corruption Unmasked’ (London, 1820), and The Extraordinary Black Book. A New Edition (London, 1832), shows a fixed charge of £640 per annum, although it was also part of Wade's argument that the profits of the Registrar's Office, as of other sections of Chancery, had increased enormously since the later eighteenth century
-
G. E. Cokayne et al., The Complete Peerage (14 vols., London, 1910–1959), ‘St. Albans’; John Wade, The Black Book; Or, Corruption Unmasked’ (London, 1820), and The Extraordinary Black Book. A New Edition (London, 1832), shows a fixed charge of £640 per annum, although it was also part of Wade's argument that the profits of the Registrar's Office, as of other sections of Chancery, had increased enormously since the later eighteenth century.
-
(1910)
The Complete Peerage
, vol.14
-
-
Cokayne, G.E.1
-
63
-
-
84976002849
-
-
895
-
Commons Journals, XXI, pp. 892–894, 895.
-
Commons Journals
, vol.XXI
, pp. 892-894
-
-
-
65
-
-
84975976796
-
-
There do not seem to have been any general orders comparable to these since Clarendon's in 1661.
-
Sanders, Orders of Chancery, I, pp. 599–619. There do not seem to have been any general orders comparable to these since Clarendon's in 1661.
-
Orders of Chancery
, vol.I
, pp. 599-619
-
-
Sanders1
-
66
-
-
84976002832
-
At War with the Smugglers
-
London and D.N.B., art. ‘Thomas Arnold’
-
F. D. Arnold-Forster, At War with the Smugglers. Career of Doctor Arnold's Father (London, 1936), and D.N.B., art. ‘Thomas Arnold’.
-
(1936)
Career of Doctor Arnold's Father
-
-
Arnold-Forster, F.D.1
-
67
-
-
84976178317
-
-
See and familiar sources on William Blake
-
See G. E. Bentley, Jr., ‘Thomas Butts, White Collar Maecenas’, Procs. Mod. Langs. Assocn. of America, Ixxi (1956), 1052–1066, and familiar sources on William Blake.
-
(1956)
‘Thomas Butts, White Collar Maecenas’, Procs. Mod. Langs. Assocn. of America
, vol.Ixxi
, pp. 1052-1066
-
-
Bentley, G.E.1
-
68
-
-
0009304747
-
-
London nothing like as damning as L. Chapman, Your Disobedient Servant (London, 1978, and pbk. edn., Harmondsworth, 1979)
-
C. K. Munro, The Fountains in Trafalgar Square: Some Reflections on the Civil Service (London, 1952)—nothing like as damning as L. Chapman, Your Disobedient Servant (London, 1978, and pbk. edn., Harmondsworth, 1979).
-
(1952)
The Fountains in Trafalgar Square: Some Reflections on the Civil Service
-
-
Munro, C.K.1
-
69
-
-
84972047909
-
-
Hist. Jnl. For the standard account, see W. R. Ward, The English Land Tax in the 18th Century (Oxford, 1953)
-
By C. Brooks, in ‘Public Finance and Political Stability: The Administration of the Land Tax, 1688–1720’, Hist. Jnl., xvii (1974), 281–300. For the standard account, see W. R. Ward, The English Land Tax in the 18th Century (Oxford, 1953).
-
(1974)
By C. Brooks, in ‘Public Finance and Political Stability: The Administration of the Land Tax, 1688–1720’
, vol.xvii
, pp. 281-300
-
-
-
71
-
-
84976112556
-
-
ed. R. C. Latham and W. Matthews (London, 1971)
-
The Diary of Samuel Pepys, vol. V, 1664, ed. R. C. Latham and W. Matthews (London, 1971), pp. 68–9.
-
The Diary of Samuel Pepys
, vol.V
, Issue.1664
, pp. 68-69
-
-
-
72
-
-
84976073217
-
-
ed. C. Whitworth London, 1771, repr. Farnborough, 1967), Vol. I, ‘Discourses on the Public Revenue’ (1698), Part I, Disc, iii, pp. 168–206, ‘On the Management of the King's Revenue’, esp. pp. 177, 183, 201–2, and Disc, iv, pp. 207–31, ‘Whether to farm the Revenues, may not in this juncture, be most for the Public Service.’
-
The Political and Commercial Works of… Charles D'Avenant … ed. C. Whitworth (5 vols., London, 1771, repr. Farnborough, 1967), Vol. I, ‘Discourses on the Public Revenue’ (1698), Part I, Disc, iii, pp. 168–206, ‘On the Management of the King's Revenue’, esp. pp. 177, 183, 201–2, and Disc, iv, pp. 207–31, ‘Whether to farm the Revenues, may not in this juncture, be most for the Public Service.’
-
The Political and Commercial Works of… Charles D'Avenant
, vol.5
-
-
-
73
-
-
0005455362
-
-
London See, amongst numerous other works repr. Hamden, Conn., 1961
-
See, amongst numerous other works, N. J. Williams, Contraband Cargoes, Seven Centuries of Smuggling (London, 1959, repr. Hamden, Conn., 1961);
-
(1959)
Contraband Cargoes, Seven Centuries of Smuggling
-
-
Williams, N.J.1
-
77
-
-
84976110534
-
-
Kemp, ‘Crewe's Act, 1782’, 258–63.
-
Kemp, ‘Crewe's Act
, vol.1782
, pp. 258-263
-
-
-
78
-
-
84976201954
-
-
London See Part 2, esp. ch. 5; Speck, Stability and Strife, chs. 1
-
See H. T. Dickinson, Liberty and Property (London, 1976), Part 2, esp. ch. 5; Speck, Stability and Strife, chs. 1, 6–12.
-
(1976)
Liberty and Property
, pp. 6-12
-
-
Dickinson, H.T.1
-
79
-
-
84975976793
-
-
Cambridge Although even here there had been economies since the early seventeenth century: see esp.
-
Although even here there had been economies since the early seventeenth century: see J. M. Beattie, The English Court in the Reign of George I (Cambridge, 1967). esp. pp. 17–19.
-
(1967)
The English Court in the Reign of George
, vol.I
, pp. 17-19
-
-
Beattie, J.M.1
|