Innovation in the States: A Diffusion Study1 2 3

American Political Science Review

Volumn 67, Issue 4, 1973, Pages 1174-1185

  Gray, Virginia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84976184673     PISSN: 00030554     EISSN: 15375943     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1956539     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Jack L. Walker, “The Diffusion of Innovations Among the American States, ” American Political Science Review, 63 (September, 1969), 880–899.
2. Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations (New York: Free Press of Glencoe 1962), p. 13.
3. V. O. Key, Jr., Southern Politics in State and Nation (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1949), p. 307.
4. Key, p. 307.
5. Charles F. Cnudde and Donald J. McCrone, “Party Competition and Welfare Policies in the American States’ American Political Science Review, 63 (September, 1969), 858–866.
6. Duane Lockard, Toward Equal Opportunity: A Study of State and Local Anti-Discrimination Laws (New York: Macmillan, 1968).
7. Richard E. Dawson and Virginia Gray, “State Welfare Policies, ” in Politics in the American States, 2nd ed.; ed. Herbert Jacob and Kenneth N. Vines (Boston; Little, Brown and Co., 1971), p. 459.
8. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, p. 13.
9. Bryce Ryan and Neal C. Gross, “The Diffusion ol Hybrid Seed Corn in Two Iowa Communities, ” Rural Sociology, 13 (March, 1943), 15–24.
10. James S. Coleman, Elihu Katz, and Herbert Menzel, Medical Innovation: A Diffusion Study (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1966).
11. Edgar C. McVoy, “Patterns of Diffusion in the United States, ” American Sociological Review, 5 (April, 1940), 219–227.
12. Norman T.J. Bailey, The Mathematical Theory oj Epidemics (New York: Hafner, 1957). For sources of 1500 other diffusion studies see: Everett M. Rogers and F. Floyd Shoemaker, Communication of Innovations. A Cross Cultural Approach, 2nd ed. (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1971), pp. 388–466.
13. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, chap. 2, passim.
14. H. Earl Pemberton, “The Curve of Culture Diffusion Rate” American Sociological Review, 1 (August, 1936), 550, 549.
15. Rogers, p. 153.
16. Rogers, p. 154—155.
17. Rogers, p. 154–155.
18. Coleman, Katz, and Menzel, pp. 100-103; however, for a warning on the futility of curve fitting as a satisfactory test of theoretical relevance see: William Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, II (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1966), 52.
19. Walker, “Diffusion of Innovations among American States, ” p. 890.
20. For explanation of the application of difference equations to social data see: Samuel Goldberg, Introduction to Difference Equations (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1958).
21. More elaborate models could be constructed in which there is diffusion from a constant source like the federal government, or in which there is incomplete mixing of the population, e.g., regional or professional communication networks may produce distinctive diffusion patterns. For these more elaborate models see: James S. Coleman, Introduction to Mathematical Sociology (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964), chap. 17.
22. J. Johnston, Econometric Methods (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1963), p. 7.
23. In general, the accuracy of b may depend upon the degree to which a social structure is completely intermixed. In this case, bias may be introduced by structural characteristics, such as regionalism, which reduce the number of relations across regional boundaries and increase the state contacts within regional communication networks. For an excellent discussion of communication networks at the state level see: Walker “The Diffusion of Innovations Among the States, ” pp. 891–897.
24. John Cohen, “Multiple Regression as a General Data-Analytic System, ” Psychological Bulletin, 70 (1968), 435.
25. See Virginia Hickman Gray “Theories of Party Leader Strategy and Public Policies in the American States.” (Doctoral dissertation, Washington University, 1972).
26. Walker, “Diffusion of Innovations Among the States, ” pp. 882, n. 9, or Jack L. Walker, “Innovation in State Politics, ” in Politics in the American States, 2nd ed.; ed. Herbert Jacob and Kenneth N. Vines (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1971), p. 591, n. 9.
27. Walker, “Diffusion of Innovations Among American States, ” 884, 886.
28. For more complete explanation of these measures and their data sources, see Gray, chap. 2.
29. Richard E. Dawson and James A. Robinson, “Inter-Party Competition, Economic Variables and Welfare Policies in the American States, ” Journal of Politics, 25 (May, 1963), 265–289.
30. Sidney Siegel, Nonpararnetric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1956) p. 210.