How Do Peaceful Secessions Happen?

Canadian Journal of Political Science

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 1994, Pages 773-792

  Young, Robert A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84976112041     PISSN: 00084239     EISSN: 17449324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0008423900022022     Document Type: Article

References (43)

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2. Allen Buchanan, Secession: The Morality of Political Divorce from Fort Sumter to Lithuania and Quebec (Boulder: Westview Press, 1991); and Alexis Heraclides, “Secession, Self-Determination and Nonintervention: In Quest of a Normative Synthesis,” Journal of International Affairs 45 (1992), 399–420.
3. Donald Wittman, “Nations and Suites: Mergers and Acquisitions; Dissolutions and Divorce,” American Economic Review 81 (1991), 126-29; Pierre Simard, “Competition electoral et partage des pouvoirs dans un etat federal,” Canadian Public Policy 15 (1991), 409-16; and Robert A. Young, “The Political Economy of Secession: The Case of Quebec, ’ ’ Constitutional Political Economy 5 (1994), 221–45.
4. James M. Buchanan and Roger L. Faith, “Secession and the Limits of Taxation: Toward a Theory of Internal Exit,” American Economic Review 77 (1987)
5. 1023-31; Stéphane Dion, “Why Is Secession Rare? Lessons from Quebec’ unpublished manuscript, December 1993; and Michael Hechter, “The Dynamics of Secession,” Acta Sociologica 35 (1992), 267–83.
6. Robert A, Young, The Breakup of Czechoslovakia (Kingston: Queen's University, Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, 1994).
7. Bookman, The Economics of Secession Table 1.2,31 -34.
8. Leslie C. Tihany, “The Austro-Hungarian Compromise, 1867-1918: A Half Century of Diagnosis; Fifty Years of Post-Mortem,” Central European History 2 (1969), 114–38, 115–16.
9. Arthur J. May, The Hapsburg Monarchy 1867–1914 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1951), 495–96 and note 22; and Thomas F. Huertas, Economic Growth and Economic Policy in a Multinational Setting: The Hapsburg Monarchy, 1841–1865 (New York: Arno Press, 1977), Table 8,37-38.
10. 12 May, Hapsburg Monarchy, 34–36.
11. Franz Wendt, Cooperation in the Nordic Countries: Achievements and Obstacles (Stockholm: Almqvist& Wiksell, 1981), 21.
12. Raymond E. Lindgren, Norway-Sweden: Union, Disunion, and Scandinavian Integration (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959) 49–51.
13. P. J. Drake, “Singapore and Malaysia: The Monetary Consequences,” Australian Outlook 20 (1966), 28–35, esp. 28.
14. Chan Heng Chee, Singapore: The Politics of Survival 1965–1967 (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1971), 36–37.
15. Nancy McHenry Fletcher, The Separation of Singapore from Malaysia, Data Paper No. 73 (Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, 1969), 12–16.
16. See R. L. Watts, New Federations: Experiments in the Commonwealth (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966), 177,257.
17. Ongkili, Nation-building in Malaysia, 184–85.
18. Fletcher The Separation of Singapore, 50-51,56-66.
19. 25 May, The Hapsburg Monarchy 34.
20. Lindgren, Norway'Sweden, 130–31.
21. See John R Wood, “Secession: A Comparative Analytical Framework,” this journal 14(1981), 107–34, esp. 125–27.
22. 31 May, The Hapsburg Monarchy, 50-51; and Victor-L. Tapié, The Rise and Fall of the Hapsburg Monarchy (New York: Praeger, 1971), 304–05.
23. Lindgren, Norway-Sweden, 189–90.
24. Ongkili, Nation-building in Malaysia, 187–90.
25. Vreeland et al., Area Handbook for Malaysia, 75; and Fletcher, The Separation of Singapore, 3.
26. Lindgren, Norway-Sweden 155–66.
27. Gordon P. Means, Malaysian Politics (London: University of London Press, 1970), 294–95. The agreement is in Chan, Singapore, 58–59.
28. Lindgren, Norway-Sweden, 145–51.
29. Boyce, “Singapore as a Sovereign State,” 24–25.
30. Vreeland, Area Handbook for Malaysia 358-59; Chan, Singapore, 41-47; and David Jenkins, “New Life in an Old Pact,” Far Eastern Economic Review, November 7-13,1980,26-28.
31. John W. Mason, The Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867-1918 (London: Longman, 1985).
32. Hence Deàk's remark that “for us Austria's existence is just as necessary as our existence is for Austria” (Tihany, “The Austro-Hungarian Compromise,” 118).
33. Lindgren, Norway-Sweden, 112–14, 127–31.
34. Andrén Government and Politics in the Nordic Countries 97–98.
35. May, The Hapsburg Monarchy, 37–38.
36. Mason, Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 16-18 and May, The Hapsburg Monarchy, 46–69.
37. Ongkili, Nation-building in Malaysia, 194-95; Vreeland et al., Area Handbook for Malaysia, 94; and Watts, New Federations, 234.
38. Chan, Singapore, 48–51, 22-25; and Stanley S. Bedlington, Malaysia and Singapore: The Building of New States (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978), 210–43.
39. Lindgren, Norway-Sweden, 235, 245–46.
40. Gunnar Leistikow, “Co-operation between the Scandinavian Countries,” in Henning Friis, ed., Scandinavia—Between East and West (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1950), 307–24, esp. 311–18.
41. Herbert J. Spiro, “The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland,” in Franck, ed., Why Federations Fail, 37–89 esp. 80.
42. Franck, “East African Federation,’” in Franck ed., Why Federations Fail, 3–36, esp. 6-11,17-18.
43. See Robert A. Young, The Secession of Quebec and the Future of Canada, forthcoming.