Where does AlphaGo go: From church-turing thesis to AlphaGo thesis and beyond

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 113-120

  Wang, Fei Yue ^a,b   Zhang, Jun Jason ^c   Zheng, Xinhu ^d   Wang, Xiao ^a,e   Yuan, Yong ^a,e   Dai, Xiaoxiao ^c   Zhang, Jie ^a,e   Yang, Liuqing ^f  

^a INSTITUTE OF AUTOMATION   (China)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^c University of Denver   (United States)

^d University of Minnesota   (United States)

^e Institute of Smart Healthcare Systems   (China)

^f Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering   (United States)

Author keywords

ACP; AlphaGo; AlphaGo Thesis; Church Turing Thesis; deep learning; deep neural networks; deep rule based networks; knowledge automation; parallel intelligence; parallel management; parallel ontrol

Indexed keywords

COMPLEX NETWORKS; DEEP LEARNING; NEURAL NETWORKS; RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS;

ALPHAGO; ALPHAGO THESIS; CHURCH-TURING THESIS; PARALLEL INTELLIGENCE; PARALLEL MANAGEMENTS; PARALLEL ONTROL; RULE BASED;

DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS;

EID: 84975322654     PISSN: 23299266     EISSN: 23299274     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JAS.2016.7471613     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Taves M. Google's AlphaGo isn't taking over the world, yet [Online], Available: http://www.cnet.com/news/googles-alphago-isnt-taking-overthe-world-yet/, March 13, 2016.
2. Wang F Y. The Era of New IT, Human still cannot be replaced by machines [Online], Available: http://opinion.huanqiu.com/1152/2016-03/8689740.html, March 11, 2016.
3. Tromp J. Number of legal Go positions [Online], Available: https://tromp.github.io/go/legal.html, 2016.
4. Zobrist A L. Feature Extraction and Representation for Pattern Recognition and the Game of Go [Ph. D. dissertation], University of Wisconsin, USA, 1970
5. Millen J K. Programming the game of Go. Byte, 1981, 6(4): 102-114
6. Green H S. Go and artificial intelligence. Computer Game-Playing: Theory and Practice. New York: Halsted Press, 1983. 141-151
7. Webster B. A Go board for the macintosh. Byte, 1984, 9(12): 125-128
8. Silver D, Huang A, Maddison C J, Guez A, Sifre L, van den Driessche G, Schrittwieser J, Antonoglou I, Panneershelvam V, Lanctot M, Dieleman S, Grewe D, Nham J, Kalchbrenner N, Sutskever I, Lillicrap T, Leach M, Kavukcuoglu K, Graepel T, Hassabis D. Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature, 2016, 529(7587): 484-489
9. Wedd N. Human-Computer Go challenges [Online], Available: http://www.computer-go.info/h-c/index.html, 2011.
10. Rimmel A, Teytaud O, Lee C S, Yen S J, Wang M H, Tsai S R. Current frontiers in computer Go. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, 2010, 2(4): 229-238
11. Tian Y D, Zhu Y. Better computer Go player with neural network and long-term prediction. arXiv: 1511.06410, 2016.
12. Coulom R. Efficient selectivity and backup operators in Monte-Carlo tree search. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computers and Games. Turin, Italy: Springer, 2007. 72-83
13. Minsky M. The Society of Mind. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.
14. Wang F Y, Saridis G N. Suboptimal control for nonlinear stochastic systems. In: Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. Tucson, AZ: IEEE, 1992. 1856-1861
15. Wang F Y, Zhang H G, Liu D R. Adaptive dynamic programming: an introduction. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 2009, 4(2): 39-47
16. Wang F Y. Let's Go: From AlphaGo to parallel intelligence. Science & Technology Review, 2016, 34(7): 72-74 (in Chinese)
17. Wang F Y. Complexity and intelligence: From Church-Turing Thesis to AlphaGo Thesis and beyond (1). Journal of Command and Control, 2016, 2(1): 1-4 (in Chinese)
18. Conway F, Siegelman J. Dark Hero of the Information Age: In Search of Norbert Wiener, the Father of Cybernetics. New York: Basic Books, 2005.
19. Burks A W, Wright J B. Theory of logical nets. Proceedings of the IRE, 1953, 41(10): 1357-1365
20. Shannon C E. Computers and automata. Proceedings of the IRE, 1953, 41(10): 1234-1241
21. Burks A W, McNaughton R, Pollmar C H, Warren D W, Wright J B. Complete decoding nets: general theory and minimality. Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1954, 2(4): 201-243
22. Burks A W, Wang H. The logic of automata. Journal of the ACM, 1957, 4(3): 279-297
23. Rabin M O, Scott D. Finite automata and their decision problems. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1959, 3(2): 114-125
24. Rabin M O. Complexity of computations. ACM Turning Award Lectures. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2007.
25. Cook S A. The complexity of theorem-proving procedures. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1971, 151-158
26. Wang F Y, Saridis G, McNaughton R. On Complexity of Intelligent Machines: an ∈-complexity Approach. RPI RAL Report, 1988.
27. Blum A L, Rivest R L. Training a 3-node neural network is NP-complete. Neural Networks, 1992, 5(1): 117-127
28. Budinich M. Neural networks for NP-complete problems. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, 1997, 30(3): 1617-1624
29. Ghaziri H, Osman I H. A neural network algorithm for the traveling salesman problem with backhauls. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 2003, 44(2): 267-281
30. Potvin J Y. The traveling salesman problem: a neural network perspective. ORSA Journal on Computing, 1993, 5(4): 328-348
31. Yao X. Finding approximate solutions to NP-hard problems by neural networks is hard. Information Processing Letters, 1992, 41(2): 93-98
32. de Chardin P T. The Phenomenon of Man. London: William Collins Sons, 1955.
33. Wang F Y, Kim H M. Implementing adaptive fuzzy logic controllers with neural networks: a design paradigm. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 1995, 3(2): 165-180
34. Wang F Y. Parallel control: a method for data-driven and computational control. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2013, 39(4): 293-302 (in Chinese)
35. Wang F Y. Building knowledge structure in neural nets using fuzzy logic. in Robotics and Manufacturing: Recent Trends in Research Education and Applications, edited by M. Jamshidi, New York, NY, ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Press, 1992.
36. Wang F Y. Hierarchical Structure and Linguistic Description for Complex Decision Networks: A Evaluation Programming Approach. PARCS Report, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA, May 1999.
37. Wang F Y. Parallel system methods for management and control of complex systems. Control and Decision, 2004, 19(5): 485-489 (in Chinese)