Comparison of auroral processes: Earth and jupiter

Geophysical Monograph Series

Volumn 130, Issue , 2002, Pages 115-139

  Waite, J Hunter ^a   Lummerzheim, Dirk ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84975150557     PISSN: 00658448     EISSN: 23288779     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1029/130GM08     Document Type: Chapter

References (194)

1. Achilleos, N., et al., JIM: A time-dependent, three-dimensional model of Jupiter’s thermosphere and ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20, 089, 1998.
2. Ajello, J. M., D. E. Shemansky, W. R. Pryor, A. I. Stewart, K. E. Simmons, T. Majeed, J. H. Waite, and G. R. Gladstone, Spectroscopic evidence for high-altitude aurora at Jupiter from Galileo Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer and Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope observations, Icarus, 152, 151, 2001.
3. Akasofu, S.-L, Past, present, and future of substorm research, in Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Substorms, edited by J. R. Kan, J. D. Craven, and S.-I. Akasofu, p. 13, Geophys. Inst., Univ. of Alaska, 1994.
4. Anderson, K. A., Soft radiation events at high latitude during the magnetic storm of August 29-30, 1957, Phys. Rev., 111, 1397, 1958.
5. Axford, W. I., and C. O. Hines, A unifying theory of high latitude geophysical phenomena, Can. J. Phys., 39, 1433, 1961.
6. Bagenal, F., Empirical model of the Io plasma torus: Voyager measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11043, 1994.
7. Baker, D. N., Effects of the Sun on the Earth’s environment, J. Atm. Terr. Phys., 62, 1669, 2000.
8. Ballester, G. E., et al., Time-resolved observations of Jupiter’s farultraviolet aurora, Science, 274, 409, 1996.
9. Banks, P. M., and A. F. Nagy, Concerning the influence of elastic scattering upon photoelectron transport and escape, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 1902, 1970.
10. Banks, P. M., C. R. Chappell, and A. F. Nagy, A new model for the interaction of auroral electrons with the atmosphere: spectral degradation, backscatter, optical emission, and ionization, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1459, 1974.
11. Baron, R., T. Owen, J. E. P. Connerney, T. Satoh, and J. Harrington, Solar wind control of Jupiter’s rT3 aurorae, Icarus, 120, 437, 1996.
12. Barrow, C. H, F. Genova, and M. D. Desch, Solar wind control of Jupiter’s decametric radio emission, Astron. Astrophys., 165, 244, 1986.
13. Basu, B., J. R. Jasperse, R. M. Robinson, R. R. Vondrak, and D. S. Evans, Linear transport theory of auroral proton precipitation: A comparison with observations, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5920, 1987.
14. Basu, B., J. R. Jasperse, D. J. Strickland, and R. E. Daniell Jr., Transport-theoretic model for the electron-protonhydrogenatom aurora, 1, Theory, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 21, 517, 1993.
15. Benediktov, E. A., G. G. Getmantsev, Y. A. Sazonov, and A. F. Tarasov, Preliminary results of measurement of the intensity of distributed extraterrestrial radio-frequency emission at 725-and 1525-kHz frequencies by the satellite electron-2, Kosm. Issled., 3, 614, 1965.
16. Berger, M. J., S. M. Seltzer, and K. Maeda, Energy deposition by auroral electrons in the atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 32, 1015, 1970.
17. Bhattacharya, B., R. M. Thorne, and D. J. Williams, On the energy source for diffuse Jovian auroral emissivity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2751, 2001.
18. Bigg, E. K., Influence of the satellite Io on Jupiter’s decametric emission, Nature, 203, 1008, 1964.
19. Bolton, S. J., et al., Correlation studies between solar wind parameters and the decimetric radio emission from Jupiter, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 121, 1989.
20. Borovsky, J. E., Auroral arc thickness as predicted by various theories, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 6101, 1993.
21. Brittnacher, M., M. Wilber, M. Fillingim, D. Chua, G. Parks, J. Spann, and G. Germany, Global auroral response to a solar wind pressure pulse, Adv. Space Res., 25, 2561, 2000.
22. Bunce, E. J., and S. W. H. Cowley, Local time asymmetry of the equatorial current sheet in Jupiter’s magnetosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 49, 261, 2001a.
23. Bunce, E. J., and S. W. H. Cowley, Divergence of the equatorial current in the dawn sector of Jupiter’s magnetosphere: Analysis of Pioneer and Voyager magnetic data, Planet. Space Sci., 49, 1089, 2001b.
24. Burke, B. F., and K. L. Franklin, Jupiter as a radio source, in Radio Astronomy, Pro. 4th IAU Symp., edited by H. C. Van de Hulst, p. 394, Cambridge University Press, 1957.
25. Caledonia, G. E., R. E. Murphy, R. M. Nadile, and A. J. Ratkowski, Analysis of auroral infrared emissions observed during the ELIAS experiment, Ann. Geophys., 13, 247, 1995.
26. Carr, T. D, and M. D. Desch, Recent decametric and hectometric observations of Jupiter, in Jupiter, edited by T. Gehrels, Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 693-737, 1976.
27. Christensen, A. B., L. R. Lyons, J. H. Hecht, G. G. Sivjee, R. R. Meier, and D. G. Strickland, Magnetic field-aligned electric field acceleration and the characteristics of the optical aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6163, 1987.
28. Chua, D., G. Parks, M. Brittnacher, W. Peria, G. Germany, and C. Carlson, Energy characteristics of auroral electron precipitation: A comparison of substorms and pressure pulse related auroral activity, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5945, 2001.
29. Clarke, J. T., J. T. Trauger, and J. H. Waite Jr., Doppler shifted H Ly α emissions from Jupiter’s aurora, Geophys. Res. Letts., 16, 587, 1989.
30. Clarke, J. T., L. Ben Jaffel, A. Vidal-Madjar, G. R. Gladstone, J. H. Waite, Jr., R. Prange, J.-C. Gerard, J. Ajello, and G. James, Hubble Space Telescope Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph H2 rotational spectra of Jupiter’s aurora, Astrophys. J., 430, L73, 1994.
31. Clarke, J. T., et al., Far-ultraviolet imaging of Jupiter’s aurora and the Io “footprint, ” Science, 274, 404, 1996.
32. Clarke, J. T., et al., HST-STIS observations of Jupiter’s aurora (abstract), Bull. Am. Astron. Soc, 30, 32 P.21, 1998a.
33. Clarke, J. T., et al., Hubble Space Telescope imaging of Jupiter’s UV aurora during the Galileo orbiter mission, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20, 217, 1998b.
34. Clarke, J. T., et al., Ultraviolet auroral emissions from the magnetic footprints of Io, Ganymede, and Europa on Jupiter, Nature, in press, 2002.
35. Codrescu, M. V., T. J. Fuller-Rowell, R. Roble, and D. S. Evans, Medium energy particle precipitation influence on the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19, 977, 1997.
36. Colgate, S. A., Prediction of auroral gamma rays, Phys. Rev., 99, 665, 1955.
37. + emission at the foot of the Io flux tube in Jupiter’s atmosphere, Science, 262, 1035, 1993.
38. Connerney, J. E. P., M. H. Acuna, N. F. Ness, and T. Satoh, New models of Jupiter’s magnetic field constrained by the Io flux tube footprint, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11, 929, 1998.
39. Cook, A. F., A. Vallance Jones, and D. E. Shemansky, Visible aurora in Jupiter’s atmosphere?, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 8793, 1981.
40. Cowley, S. W. H., et al., Ulysses observations of anti-sunward flow on Jovian polar cap field lines, Planet. Space Sci., 41, 987, 1993.
41. Cowley, S. W. H, et al., Plasma flow in the Jovian magnetosphere and related magnetic effects: Ulysses observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15, 197, 1996.
42. Cowley, S. W. H, and E. J. Bunce, Origin of the main auroral oval in Jupiter’s coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system, Planet. Space Sci., 49, 1067, 2001.
43. Cravens, T. E., Auroral oxygen precipitation at Jupiter, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17, 153, 1995.
44. Decker, D. T., B. V. Kozelov, B. Basu, J. R. Jasperse, and V. E. Ivanov, Collisional degradation of the proton-H atom fluxes in the atmosphere: A comparison of theoretical techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26, 947, 1996.
45. Deehr, C, and D. Lummerzheim, Ground-based optical observations of hydrogen emission in the auroral substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 33, 2001.
46. Delory, G. T., et al., FAST observations of electron distributions within AKR source regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2069, 1998.
47. Desch, M. D., and C. H. Barrow, Direct evidence for solar wind control of Jupiter’s hectometer-wavelength radio emission, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 6819, 1984.
48. Dols, V., J.-C. Gerard, J. T. Clarke, J. Gustin, and D. Grodent, Diagnostics of the Jovian aurora deduced from ultraviolet spectroscopy: Model and GHRS observations, Icarus, 747, 251, 2000.
49. Dougherty, M. K., M. Dunlop, R. Prange, and D. Rego, Correspondence between field aligned currents observed by Ulysses and HST auroral emission, Planet. Space Sci., 46, 531, 1998.
50. + on Jupiter, Nature, 340, 539, 1989.
51. Drossart, P, B. Bezard, S. K. Atreya, J. Bishop, J.H. Waite, Jr., and D. Boice, Thermal profiles in the auroral regions of Jupiter, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18803, 1993.
52. Dungey, J. W., Interplanetary magnetic field and the auroral zones, Phys. Rev. Lett., 6, 47, 1961.
53. Eather, R. H., Red shift of auroral hydrogen profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 5027, 1966.
54. Ergun, R. E., C. W. Carlson, J. P. McFadden, G. T. Delory, R. J. Strangeway, and P. L. Pritchett, Electron-cyclotron maser driven by charged-particle acceleration from magnetic fieldaligned electric fields, Astrophys. J., 538, 456, 2000.
55. Espy, P. J., C. R. Harris, A. J. Steed, J. C. Ulwick, and R. H. Haycock, Rocketborne interferometer measurement of infrared auroral spectra, Planet. Space Sci., 36, 543, 1988.
56. Evans, D. S., Global Statistical Patterns of Auroral Phenomena, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Quantitative Modeling of Magneto spheric-Ionospheric Coupling Processes, p. 325, Kyoto, 1987 (see http://www.sel.noaa.gov/pmap/).
57. Fasel, G. J., Dayside poleward moving auroral forms: A statistical study, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11, 891, 1995.
58. Galand, M., J. Lilensten, W. Kofman, and R. B. Sidje, Proton transport model in the ionosphere, 1, Multistream approach of the transport equations, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 22, 261, 1997.
59. Galand, M., J. Lilensten, W. Kofman, and D. Lummerzheim, Proton transport model in the ionosphere, 2, Influence of magnetic mirroring and collisions on the angular redistribution in a proton beam, Ann. Geophys., 16, 1308, 1998.
60. Gerard, J.-C, B. Hubert, D. V. Bisikalo, and V. I. Shematovich, A model of the Lyman-_ line profile in the proton aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15, 795, 2000.
61. Gerard, J.-C, et al., A remarkable auroral event on Jupiter observed in the ultraviolet with the Hubble Space Telescope, Science, 266, 1675, 1994.
62. Germany, G. A., G. K. Parks, M. Brittnacher, J. Cumnock, D. Lummerzheim, J. F. Spann, L. Chen, P. G. Richards, and F. J. Rich, Remote determination of auroral energy characteristics during substorm activity, Geophys. Res, Lett., 24, 995, 1997.
63. Germany, G. A., J. F. Spann, G. K. Parks, M. J. Brittnacher, R. Elsen, L. Chen, D. Lummerzheim, and M. H. Rees, Auroral Observations from the POLAR Ultraviolet Imager (UVI), in Encounter Between Global Observations and Models in the ISTP Era, AGU Monograph, vol. 104, edited by J. Horwitz, D. Gallagher, and W. Peterson, p. 149, AGU, Washington, D. C, 1998a.
64. Germany, G. A., G. K. Parks, M. J. Brittnacher, J. F. Spann, J. Cumnock, D. Lummerzheim, F. Rich, and P. G. Richards, Energy characterization of a dynamic auroral event using GGS UVI images, in Encounter Between Global Observations and Models in the ISTP Era, AGU Monograph, vol. 104, edited by J. Horwitz, D. Gallagher, and W. Peterson, p. 143, AGU, Washington, D. C, 1998b.
65. Gladstone, G. R., et al., Secular and local time dependence of Jovian x-ray emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20, 083, 1998.
66. Gladstone, G. R., et al., Chandra observations of x-rays from Jupiter during the Cassini flyby, Nature, in press, 2002.
67. Green, J. L., D. A. Gurnett, and S. D. Shawhan, The angular distribution of auroral kilometric radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1825, 1977.
68. Grodent, D., J. H. Waite, Jr., and J.-C. Gerard, A self-consistent model of the Jovian auroral thermal structure, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12, 933, 2001.
69. Grodent, D., J. T. Clarke, J. Kim, and J. H. Waite, Jr., Detailed analysis of HST-STIS Observations of Jupiter’s far-ultraviolet aurora, Icarus, in press, 2002.
70. Gurnett, D. A., The Earth as a radio source: Terrestrial kilometric radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4227, 1974.
71. Gurnett, D. A., R. R. Anderson, F. L. Scarf, R. W. Fredricks, and E. J. Smith, Initial results from the ISEE-1 and-2 plasma wave investigation, Space Sci. Rev., 23, 103, 1979.
72. Gurnett, D. A., et al., First results from the Cluster wideband plasma wave investigation, Annal. Geophysic, in press, 2002a.
73. Gurnett, D. A., et al., Control of Jupiter’s radio emission and aurorae by the solar wind, Nature, in press, 2002b.
74. Hardy, D. A., W. J. Burke, M. S. Gussenhoven, N. Heinemann, and E. Holeman, DMSP/F2 electron observations of equatorward auroral boundaries and their relationship to the solar wind velocity and the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9961, 1981.
75. Hardy, D. A., M. S. Gussenhoven, and D. Brautigam, A statistical model of auroral ion precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 370, 1989.
76. Hawkins, S. E., Ill, A. F. Cheng, and L. J. Lanzerotti, Bulk flows of hot plasma in the Jovian magnetosphere: a model of anisotropic fluxes of energetic ions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20, 031, 1998.
77. Hecht, J. H., A. B. Christensen, and J. B. Pranke, High-resolution auroral observations of the 01(7774) and 01(8446) multiplets, Geophys. Res. Letts., 12, 605, 1985.
78. Hecht, J. H., A. B. Christensen, D. J. Strickland, and R. R. Meier, Deducing composition and incident electron spectra from ground-based auroral optical measurements: variation in oxygen density, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13, 553, 1989.
79. Hecht, J. H., A. B. Christensen, D. J. Strickland, T. Majeed, R. L. Gattinger, and A. Vallance Jones, A comparison between auroral particle characteristics and atmospheric composition inferred from analyzing optical emission measurements alone and in combination with incoherent scatter radar measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 33, 1999.
80. Hill, T. W., The Jovian auroral oval, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8101, 2001.
81. Horanyi, M., T. E. Cravens, and J. H. Waite, Jr., The precipitation of energetic heavy ion into the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7251, 1988.
82. Huff, R. L., W. Calvert, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, and D. A. Gurnett, Mapping of auroral kilometric radiation sources to the aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 11, 445, 1988.
83. Imhof, W. L., et al., The POLAR ionospheric x-ray imaging experiment, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 385, 1995.
84. Ingersoll, A. P., et al., Imaging Jupiter’s aurora at visible wavelengths, Icarus, 135, 251, 1998.
85. Ishimoto, M., C. I. Meng, G. R. Romick, R. E. Huffman, Doppler shifted auroral Lyman α observed from a satellite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 143, 1989.
86. Jasperse, J. R., Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck model for the electron distribution function in the earth’s atmosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 24, 33, 1976.
87. Jasperse, J. R., and B. Basu, Transport theoretic solutions for auroral proton and H atom fluxes and related quantities, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 811, 1982.
88. Kaiser, M. L., Observations of non-thermal radiation from planets, in Plasma Waves and Instabilities at Comets and in Magnetospheres, Geophysical Monograph 53, edited by B. T. Tsurutani and H. Oya, pp. 221-237, American Geophysical Union, Washington, 1989.
89. Kaiser, M. L., and M. D. Desch, Narrow band Jovian kilometric radiation: A new radio component, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 389, 1980.
90. Kamiyama, H., Flux of bremsstrahlung photons caused by energetic electrons precipitating into the atmosphere, Rep. lonos. Sp. Res. Japan, 20, 374, 1966.
91. Kamiyama, H, Ionizing effect of the bremsstrahlung associated with precipitating electrons, Ann. Geophys., 26, 625, 1970.
92. Kane, M. B., et al., Hot ions in Jupiter’s magnetodisc: A model for Voyager 2 low-energy charged particle measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19, 473, 1995.
93. Khan, H., S., et al., Observations of two complete substorm cycles during the Cassini Earth swing-by: Cassini magnetometer data in a global context, J Geophys Res., 106, 30, 141, 2001.
94. Kim, Y. H., J. L. Fox, and J. J. Caldwell, Temperatures and altitudes of Jupiter’s ultraviolet aurora inferred from GHRS observations with the Hubble Space Telescope, Icarus, 128, 189, 1997.
95. Kozelov, B. V., Influence of the dipolar magnetic field on transport of proton-H atom fluxes in the atmosphere, Ann. Geophys., 11, 697, 1993.
96. Krupp, N., J. Woch, A. Lagg, B. Wilken, S. Livi, D. Williams, Energetic particle bursts in the predawn Jovian magnetotail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1249, 1998.
97. Kurth, W. S., M. M. Baumback, and D. A. Gurnett, Directionfinding measurements of auroral kilometric radiation, J Geophys. Res., 80, 2764, 1975.
98. Kurth, W. S., T. Murata, G. Lu, D. A. Gurnett, and H. Matsumoto, Auroral kilometric radiation and the auroral electrojet index for the January 1997 magnetic cloud event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3027, 1998.
99. Ladreiter, H. P., and Y. Leblanc, Jovian hectometric radiation-Beaming, source extension, and solar wind control, Astron. Astrophys, 226, 297, 1989.
100. Ladreiter, H. P., P. Zarka, and A. Lecacheux, Direction-finding study of Jovian hectometric and broadband kilometric radio emissions: Evidence for their auroral origin, Planet. Space Sci., 42, 919, 1994.
101. Lam, H. A., N. Achilleos, S. Miler, J. Tennyson, L. M. Trafton, T. R. Geballe, and G. E. Ballester, A baseline spectroscopic study of the infrared auroras of Jupiter, Icarus, 127, 379, 1997.
102. Lanchester, B. S., M. H. Rees, D. Lummerzheim, A. Otto, H. U. Frey, and K. U. Kaila, Large fluxes of auroral electrons in filaments of 100-m width, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9741, 1997.
103. Link, R., Feautrier solution of the electron transport equation, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 159, 1992.
104. Liou, K., P. T. Newell, D. G. Sibeck, C.-I. Meng, M. Brittnacher, and G. Parks, Observation of IMF and seasonal effects in the location of auroral substorm onset, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5799, 2001.
105. Liu, W., and A. Dalgarno, The ultraviolet spectrum of the Jovian aurora, Astrophys. J, 467, 446, 1996.
106. Lorentzen, D. A., F. Sigernes, and C. S. Deehr, Modeling and observations of dayside auroral hydrogen emission Doppler profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17, 479, 1998.
107. Lotko, W., A. V. Streltsov, and C. W. Carlson, Discrete auroral arc, electrostatic shock, and suprathermal electrons powered by dispersive, anomalously resistive field line resonance, Geophys. Res. Letts., 25, 4449, 1998.
108. Louarn, P., and D. Le Queau, Generation of the auroral kilometric radiation in plasma cavities, I. Experimental study, Planet. Space Sci., 44, 199, 1996.
109. Louarn, P., A. Roux, S. Perraut, W. Kurth, and D. Gurnett, A study of the large-scale dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere using the Galileo plasma experiment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2905, 1998.
110. Lu, G., et al., Global energy deposition during the January 1997 ISTP event, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11, 685, 1998.
111. Lu, G., M. Brittnacher, G. Parks, and D. Lummerzheim, On the magnetospheric source regions of substorm-related fieldaligned currents and auroral precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18, 483, 2000.
112. Luhmann, J. G., Auroral bremsstrahlung spectra in the atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 39, 595, 1977.
113. Lummerzheim, D., and J. Lilensten, Electron transport and energy degradation in the ionosphere: Evaluation of the numerical solution, comparison with laboratory experiments and auroral observations, Ann. Geophys., 12, 1039, 1994.
114. Lummerzheim, D., and M. Galand, The profile of the hydrogen Hp emission line in proton aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23, 2001.
115. Lummerzheim, D., M. H. Rees, and G. J. Romick, The application of spectroscopic studies of the aurora to thermospheric neutral composition, Planet. Space Sci., 38, 67, 1990.
116. + fundamental band in Jupiter’s auroral zones at high resolution from 2400 to 2900 inverse centimeters, Astrophys. J., 363, L37, 1990.
117. Mauk, B. H., et al., Hot plasma parameters of Jupiter’s inner magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7685, 1996.
118. Mauk, B. H., D. J. Williams, and R. W. McEntire, Energy-time dispersed charged particle signatures of dynamic injections in Jupiter’s inner magnetosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24 2949, 1997.
119. Mauk, B. H., D. J. Williams, R. W. McEntire, K. K. Khurana, and J. G. Roederer, Storm-like dynamics of Jupiter’s inner and middle magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22, 759, 1999.
120. Mauk, B. H., et al., Magnetospheric electron injections create transient auroral emissions at Jupiter, Nature, in press, 2002.
121. McEwen, D. J., and Y. Zhang, A continuous view of the dawndusk polar cap, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, All, 2000.
122. McFadden, J. P., C. W. Carlson, and R. E. Ergun, Microstructure of the auroral acceleration region as observed by FAST, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 14, 453, 1999.
123. Meng, C. I., Polar cap arcs and the plasma sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett, 8, 273, 1981.
124. Menietti, J. D., D. A. Gurnett, W. S. Kurth, and J. B. Groene, Control of Jovian radio emission by Ganymede, Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 4281, 1998.
125. Menietti, J. D., D. A. Gurnett, and I. Christopher, Control of Jovian radio emission by Callisto, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3047, 2001.
126. Metzger, A. E., et al., The detection of X rays from Jupiter, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 7731, 1983.
127. Milan, S. E., M. Lester, S. W. H. Cowley, M. Brittnacher, Dayside convection and auroral morphology during an interval of northward interplanetary magnetic field, Ann. Geophys., 18, 436, 2000a.
128. Milan, S. E., M. Lester, S. W. H. Cowley, Convection and auroral response to a southward turning of the IMF, Polar UVI, CUTLASS, and IMAGE signatures of transient magnetic flux transfer at the magnetopause, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15, 741, 2000b.
129. + in the atmosphere of Jupiter in the 2.1 and 4.0 micron region, Astrophys. J., 360, L55, 1990.
130. Min, Q. L., D. Lummerzheim, M. H. Rees, and K. Stamnes, The effects of a parallel electric field and the geomagnetic field in the topside ionosphere on auroral and photoelectron energy distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 19, 223, 1993.
131. Murata, T., H. Matsumoto, H. Kojima, and T. Iyemori, Correlations of AKR index with Kp and Ds t indices, Proc. N1PR Symp. Upper Atmos. Physics, 10, 64, 1997.
132. Nagy, A. F., and P. M. Banks, Photoelectron fluxes in the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 6260, 1970.
133. Newell, P. T., S. Wing, C.-I. Meng, and V. Sigillito, The auroral oval position, structure, and intensity of precipitation from 1984 onwards: An automated online data base, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5877, 1991.
134. Østgaard, N., J. Stadsnes, K. Aarsnes, F. Søraas, K. Maseide, M. Smith, J. Sharber, Simultaneous measurements of x-rays and electrons during a pulsating aurora, Ann. Geophys., 76, 148, 1998.
135. Østgaard, N., J Stadsnes, J. Bjordal, R. R. Vondrak, S. A. Cummer, D. L. Chenette, G. K. Parks, M. J. Brittnacher, and D. L. McKenzie, Global-scale electron precipitation features seen in UV and x-rays during substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 10, 191, 1999.
136. Østgaard, N., J Stadsnes, J. Bjordal, R. R. Vondrak, S. A. Cummer, D. L. Chenette, M. Schultz and J. G. Pronko, Cause of the localized maximum of x-ray emission in the morning sector: A comparison with electron measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20869, 2000.
137. Otto, A., and G. T. Birk, Formation of thin auroral arcs by current striation, Geophys. Res. Lett, 20, 2833, 1993.
138. Pallier, L., and R. Prange, More about the structure of the high latitude Jovian aurorae, Planet and Space Sci., 49, 1159, 2001.
139. Perry, J. J., Y. H. Kim, J. L. Fox, and H. S. Porter, Chemistry of the Jovian auroral atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16, 541, 1999.
140. Peticolas, L. M., and D. Lummerzheim, Time-dependent transport of field-aligned bursts of electrons in flickering aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12, 895, 2000.
141. Pontius, D. H., Jr., and T. W. Hill, Rotation driven plasma transport: The coupling of macroscopic and microdiffusion, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15, 041, 1989.
142. Prange, R., et al., Correlated variations of UV and radio emissions during an outstanding Jovian auroral event, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18, 779, 1993.
143. Prange, R., et al., Detailed study of FUV Jovian auroral features with the post-COSPAR HST faint object camera, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20, 195, 1998.
144. Prange, R., G. Chagnon, T. A. Livengood, M. G. Kivelson, W. Kurth, Temporal monitoring of Jupiter’s auroral activity with IUE. Implications for magnetospheric processes, Planet. Space Sci., 49, 405, 2001.
145. Pryor, W. R., et al., Galileo ultraviolet spectrometer observations of Jupiter’s auroral spectrum from 1600-3200 R, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20, 149, 1998.
146. Rees, M. H, Ionization in the Earth’s atmosphere by aurorally associated bremsstrahlung x-rays, Planet. Space Sci., 12, 1093, 1964.
147. Rees, M. H., and D. Luckey, Auroral electron energy derived from ratio of spectroscopic emissions, 1. Model computations, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 5181, 1974.
148. Rees, M. H, and R. G. Roble, Excitation of O(‘D) atoms in aurorae and emission of the [OI] 6300-A line, Can. J. Phys., 64, 1608, 1986.
149. Rees, M. H., D. Lummerzheim, and R. G. Roble, Modeling of the Atmosphere-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System MAMI, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 691, 1995.
150. Rego, D., et al., Lyman-α and H2 bands from the giant planet, 1, Excitation by proton precipitation in the Jovian aurorae, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 17, 075, 1994.
151. Rego, D., R. Prange, and L. Ben Jaffel, Lyman α and H2 bands from the giant planets, 3. Intensity and spectral profile of the auroral Lyman α emission, including charge exchange and radiative transfer effects, and H2 color ratios, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5939, 1999.
152. Reiner, M. J., J. Fainberg, and R. G. Stone, Source characteristics of Jovian hectometric radio emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18, 767, 1993.
153. Russell, C. T., K. K. Khurana, D. E. Huddleston, and M. G. Kivelson, Localized reconnection in the near Jovian magnetotail, Science, 280, 1061, 1998.
154. Russell, C. T., G., P. Chi, X.-W. Zhou, J.-H. Shue, S. M. Petrinec, P. Song, F. R. Fenrich, and J. G. Luhmann, The extreme compression of the magnetosphere on May 4, 1998, as observed by the Polar spacecraft, Adv. Space Res., 25, 1369, 2000.
155. + aurorae: A generalized inverse analysis of images, Icarus, 122, 1, 1996.
156. Seiff, A., et al., Thermal structure of Jupiter’s atmosphere near the edge of a 5-mm hot spot in the north equatorial belt, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22, 857, 1998.
157. Sharber, J. R., et al., Observations of the UARS particle environment monitor and computation of ionization rates in the middle and upper atmosphere during a geomagnetic storm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1319, 1993.
158. Share, G. H., and R. J. Murphy, Atmospheric gamma rays from solar energetic particles and cosmic rays penetrating the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 11, 2001.
159. Slinker, S. P., J. A. Fedder, B. A. Emery, K. B. Baker, D. Lummerzheim, J. G. Lyon, and F. J. Rich, Comparison of global MHD simulations with AMIE simulations for the events of 19-20 May, 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28, 379, 1999.
160. Smith, R. A., F. Bagenal, A. F. Cheng, and D. F. Strobel, On the energy crisis in the Io plasma torus, Geophys. Res. Letts., 15, 545, 1988.
161. Solomon, S. C, Auroral electron transport using the Monte Carlo method, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 185, 1993.
162. Southwood, D. J., and M. Kivelson, A new perspective concerning the influence of the solar wind on the Jovian magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 6123, 2001.
163. Stamnes, K., Analytic approach to auroral electron transport and energy degradation, Planet. Space Sci., 28, 421, 1980.
164. Stamnes, K., On the two-stream approach to electron transport and thermalization, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2405, 1981.
165. Strickland, D. J., D. L. Book, T. P. Coffey, and J. A. Fedder, Transport equation techniques for the deposition of auroral electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2755, 1976.
166. Strickland, D. J., R. R. Meier, J. H. Hecht, and A. B. Christensen, Deducing composition and incident electron spectra from ground-based auroral optical measurements: Theory and model results, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13, 527, 1989.
167. Strickland, D. J., R. E. Daniell Jr., J. R. Jasperse, and B. Basu, Transport-theoretic model for the electron-proton-hydrogen atom aurora, 2, model results, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 21, 533, 1993.
168. Synnes, S. A., F. Søraas, and J. P. Hansen, Monte-Carlo simulation of proton aurora, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 60, 1695, 1998.
169. Temerin, M., What do we really know about auroral acceleration?, Adv. in Space Res., 20, 1025, 1997.
170. Thorne, R. M., Microscopic plasma processes in the Jovian magnetosphere, in Physics of the Jovian Magnetosphere, edited by A. J. Dessler, pp. 454-488, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1983.
171. Trafton, L. M., J. D. F. Lester, and K. L. Thompson, Unidentified emission lines in Jupiter’s northern and southern 2 micron aurorae, Astrophys. J., 343, L73, 1989.
172. Trafton, L. M., J. C. Gerard, G. Munhoven, and J. H. Waite, Jr, High-resolution spectra of Jupiter’s northern auroral ultraviolet emission with the Hubble Space Telescope, Astrophys. J., 421, 816, 1994.
173. Trafton, L. M., V. Dols, J.-C. Gerard, J. H. Waite, Jr., G. R. Gladstone, and G. Munhoven, HST spectra of the Jovian ultraviolet aurora: Search for heavy ion precipitation, Astrophys. J., 507, 955, 1998.
174. Vallance Jones, A., Aurora, 301 pp., D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 1974.
175. Vasavada, A. R., et al., Jupiter’s visible aurora and Io footprint, Geophys. Res., 104, 27, 133, 1999.
176. Voots, G. R., D. A. Gurnett, and S.-I. Akasofu, Auroral kilometric radiation as an indicator of auroral magnetic disturbances, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2259, 1977.
177. Waite, J. H., Jr., et al., Electron precipitation and related aeronomy of the Jovian thermosphere and ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 6143, 1983.
178. Waite, J. H., Jr., et al., ROSAT observations of the Jupiter aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14788, 1994.
179. Waite, J. H., Jr. et al., Multispectral observations of Jupiter’s aurora, Adv. Space Res. 26, 1453, 2000.
180. Waite, Jr., J. H., et al., An auroral flare at Jupiter, Nature, 410, 2001.
181. Warwick, J. W., et al., Voyager 1 planetary radio astronomy observations near Jupiter, Science, 204, 995, 1979a.
182. Warwick, J. W., et al., Planetary radio astronomy observations from Voyager 2 near Jupiter, Science, 206, 991, 1979b.
183. Williams, D. J., and R. W. McEntire, The Galileo energetic particles detector, Space Sci. Rev., 60, 385, 1992.
184. Winningham, J. D., et al., The UARS Particle Environment Monitor, J Geophys. Res., 98, 10, 649, 1993.
185. Woch, J., N. Krupp, A. Lagg, B. Wilken, S. Livi, and D. Williams, Quasiperiodic modulations of the Jovian magnetotail, Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 1253, 1998.
186. Wu, C. S., and L. C. Lee, A theory of terrestrial kilometric radiation, Astrophys. J., 230, 621, 1979.
187. Wygant, J. R. et al., Polar spacecraft based comparisons of intense electric fields and Poynting flux near and within the plasma sheet-tail lobe boundary to UVI images: An energy source for the aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18, 675, 2000.
188. 2 fluorescence spectrum from 1200 to 1700 by electron impact: Laboratory study and application to Jovian aurora, Astrophys. J., 254, L65, 1982.
189. Zarka, P., Auroral radio emissions at the outer planets: Observations and theories, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20, 159, 1998.
190. Zarka, P., Radio emissions from the planets and their moons, in Radio Astronomy at Long Wavelengths, Geophysical Monograph 119, edited by R. G. Stone, J.-L. Bougeret, K. Weiler, and M. Goldstein, pp. 167-178, American Geophysical Union, Washington, 2000.
191. Zarka, P., and F. Genova, Low frequency Jovian emission and the solar wind magnetic sector structure, Nature, 306, 767, 1983.
192. Zesta, E., H. J. Singer, D. Lummerzheim, C. Russell, L. Lyons, and M. J. Brittnacher, The effect of the January 10, 1997 pressure pulse on the magnetosphere-ionosphere current system, in Magnetospheric Current Systems, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 118, p. 217, 2000.
193. Zhou, X., and B. T. Tsurutani, Rapid intensification and propagation of the dayside aurora: Large-scale interplanetary pressure pulses (fast shocks), Geophys. Res. Letts., 26, 1097, 1999.
194. Zhu, H, A. Otto, D. Lummerzheim, M. H. Rees, and B. S. Lanchester, Ionosphere-magnetosphere simulations of smallscale structure and dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 1795, 2001.