The collapse of resistance to democracy: Conservatives, adult suffrage, and second chamber reform, 1911-1928

The Historical Journal

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 1977, Pages 893-918

  Close, David H ^a  

^a FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84974489123     PISSN: 0018246X     EISSN: 14695103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X00011456     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. L. H. Hayter to Sir J. Boraston, 13 Feb. 1917, Steel-Maitland papers, GD 193/202 (4).
2. Law to Lady B. Balfour (copy), n.d. [1911], Bonar Law papers, 33/3/17.
3. Hansard XCIV (6 June 1917), 237-40.
4. Extreme opponents of the coalition, especially to its concession of self-government to Ireland.
5. Lady B. Balfour to Law, 17 Dec. 1912, Bonar Law papers, 25/2/31; W. Long to Law, 2 May 1913, ibid. 29/4/3.
6. National Unionist Association conference minutes (‘Micromethods’ microfilm), 1911 conference, pp. 4.1-2; 1894 conference, pp. 514-21.
7. As I have confirmed by analysing the speeches of eight Conservative and seven Liberal anti-suffragists in the parliamentary debates of July 1910 and May 1913.
8. F. D. Acland, ‘Woman suffrage’, 330, 334; E. Crawshay Williams M.P. ‘Position of woman suffrage’, Contemporary Review, CI (June 1912), 840; 5 Hansard lii (5 May 1913), 1705, 1720, 1730.
9. N.U.A. conference minutes, 1913, pp. 51-2.
10. The Times, 25 May 1916, p. 7; 16 Aug. 1916, p. 7; memorandum by Sir G. Cave, 13 Nov. 1917, Cabinet papers (Public Record Office), 24/31/2599.
11. House of Lords Debates, 5 Hansard XXIII (7 Nov. 1916), 391-2, Lord Salisbury; Selborne to Salisbury, 12 Sep. 1916 (copy), Selborne papers (Bodleian Library, Oxford), 6/187-8.
12. The Times, 23 May 1928, p. 8, Lord Birkenhead; 5 Hansard ccxv (29 Feb. 1928) 1420, C. Craig; Selborne to Salisbury, 25 Aug. 1916 (copy), Selborne papers, 6/174.
13. Selborne to Salisbury, 12 Sep. 1916 (copy), ibid. 6/187-8; memorandum by C. Marston, n.d. enclosed by J. Boraston to Steel-Maitland, 26 Feb. 1917, Steel-Maidand papers, 193/202.
14. Hansard 80 (19 July 1916), 1051, E. Carson; Morning Post, editorial, 18 Aug. 1916, p. 4.
15. Hansard xcn (28 Mar. 1917), 561; R. Cecil to Asquith, 18 May 1916, Asquith papers (Bodleian Library, Oxford), 16/162.
16. Long to Asquith, 17 Sep. 1916, Bonar Law papers, 64/G/20.
17. Hansard XCII (28 Mar.), 508-9; XCIII (22 May), 2369,2408,2416; xcv (26 June), 282-303; N.U.A. conference minutes, 1917, p. 9.
18. Hansard XCIII (22 May), 2182-3, H. Samuel (Unionist); Salisbury to Selborne, 4 Sep. [1916, misdated 1913], Selborne papers, 6/179.
19. Addison, u, 430, 454.
20. Demonstrated by analyses, made for me by Mr R. Thornton, of the general election results of 1922 and 1923.
21. N.U.A. executive minutes (8 May 1917), p. 13.
22. Morning Post, i Feb. 1918, p. 8; Scotsman, 10 Aug. 1917, p. 5; 5 Hansard XCVII (9 Aug. 1917), 629, E. Hemmerde.
23. Bridgeman MS diary (xerox copy, kindly lent to me by Viscount Bridgeman), Nov. 1929, p. 209; J. Barnes and R. K. Middlemas, Baldwin (London, 1969), pp. 502-3.
24. G. Wyndham (ed.), Letters of George Wyndham (London, 1915), 11, 436; Hansard, Standing committee debates /024 (22 May), c. 507, S. Roberts; ibid. 544, A. Hopkinson; 5 Hansard ccxv (29 Mar. 1928), 1411, E. Harmsworth.
25. H. A. Gwynne to Baldwin, 5 Apr. igag, Baldwin papers, 36/111; The Times, 5 Mar. 1927, p. 14, Baldwin; Times editorial, 21 June 192g, p. 15.
26. F. E. Smith, Unionist policy and other essays (London, 1913), pp. 8-10; A. Chamberlain, Politics from the inside (London, 1936), p. 320; Selborne's ms. reminiscences, 1937, Selborne papers, 191/65-o.
27. Lord Balfour of Burleigh to Bryce, 29 Sep. 1917, Bryce papers (Bodleian Library); N.U.A. conference minutes, 1917, pp. 1, 20.
28. Memorandum by J. C. C. Davidson, i July 1927, Baldwin papers, 59/138-41.
29. P. A. Bromhead, The House of Lords and contemporary politics, 1911-1957 (London, 1958), pp. 139-40, 147-56.
30. Bayford diary, 11 (15 July 1922), 37.
31. Salisbury to Selborne, 1 Nov. 1922, Selborne papers, 6/148-9; Selborne to Baldwin, 21 Oct. 1924 (copy), ibid. 85/186.
32. Salisbury to Cecil, 16 Apr. 1927, Cecil papers, 51086/34; 5 Hansard ccxv (29 Mar. 1928), 1398, S. Samuel; ibid. 1451, G. Kindersley.
33. Records of these activities exist in the Sir William Bull papers (House of Lords Record Office), 38/A/274-541, and the Baldwin papers, 68/257-83.
34. Hansard CCVIII (6 July 1927), 1311-16; Spectator, 2 July 1927, p. 7; G. Lane Fox to Irwin, 14 July 1927, Halifax papers, Eur. C152/17/391-2.
35. Hansard CXIV (4 Apr. 1919), C. F. White; ibid. 1607, C. E. Loseby; memorandum by Lord E. Percy, 11 Mar. 1927, Cab. 24/185/84.
36. In one or more of the second-reading divisions of 1919, 1920 and 1922.
37. Hansard clxx (29 Feb. 1924), 325-6, Lord H. Cecil; Hansard, Standing committee debates 7924 (29 May), c. 534, Lord E. Percy.
38. Manchester Guardian, political correspondent, 19 Feb. 1925, p. 8; 14 Apr. 1927, p. 9.
39. Butler, pp. 33-4, 146-8.
40. As did nine other pre-war suffragists, out of 27 former members of the 1910 parliament who voted against the flappers in 1919-22.
41. Memorandum by W. S. Churchill, 8 Mar. 1927, Cab. 24/185/80. It turned out to be 16-5 per cent (Buder, pp. 144-5).
42. Cab. papers, loc. cit.; Bayford diary, 11 (24 June 1927), 77; Marquess of Reading to Irwin, 30 Mar. 1928, Halifax Papers, Eur. C 152/18/52; Davidson to Irwin, 3 Dec. 1928, ibid. 220; The Times, 30 May 1929, p. 8.
43. Hansard clxx (29 Feb. 1924), 871; ibid, ccxv (29 Mar. 1928), 1391, 1473; G. H. Hume to Baldwin, 3 Mar. 1927, Baldwin papers, 74/271-2; C. G. Murray, A man's life (London, ‘934). P- 245
44. Hansard clxx, 859; ibid, cl30, 1499-1500; Standing committee debates 1924, c. 499; Bayford diary, 11 (24 June 1924), 77; memorandum by Percy, 11 Mar. 1927, Cab. 24/185/84.
45. Bayford diary, Ioc. cit.
46. Memorandum by Lord R. Cecil, 11 Mar. 1937, Cab. 24/185/84.
47. Cab. 23/9/11; 23/66/6, note by Lord Cave in appendix.
48. Central Office summary of Baldwin's post-election mail, Baldwin papers, 37/a.
49. Hansard CCXVII (7 May 1928), 68; Hansard, Standing committee reports 1924, c. 507.
50. Hansard ccxv (29 Mar. 1928), 1473.