Gender and the historiography of science

The British Journal for the History of Science

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1993, Pages 469-483

  Jordanova, Ludmilla ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84974288907     PISSN: 00070874     EISSN: 1474001X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0007087400031472     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Examples of eighteenth-century survey histories are William Black, An Historical Sketch of Medicine and Surgery, from their Origin to the Present Time; and of the Principal Authors, Discoveries, Improvements, Imperfections and Errors, London, 1782.
2. Adam Smith, ‘The principles which lead and direct philosophical enquiries; illustrated by the history of astronomy’, in Adam Smith. Essays on Philosophical Subjects (ed. W. Wightman and J. Bryce), Oxford, 1980,33-106.
3. Charles Singer, A Short History of Science to the Nineteenth Century, Oxford, 1941.
4. Earlier twentieth-century surveys include: Erik Nordenskiold, The History of Biology: A Survey, New York, 1928.
5. J. D. Bernal, Science in History, 4 vols., London, 1954.
6. Titles in the Cambridge series include: Thomas Hankins, Science and the Enlightenment, Cambridge, 1985.
7. John Brooke, Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives, Cambridge, 1991.
8. William Brock, The Fontana History of Chemistry, London, 1992.
9. Peter Bowler, The Fontana History of the Environmental Sciences, London, 1992.
10. On ‘modern’, see Marshall Berman, All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity, London, 1983.
11. Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, London, 1983 (revised edition), 208-9.
12. Anthony Smith, The Concept of Social Change: A Critique of the Functionalist Theory of Social Change, London, 1973.
13. Nicholas Xenos, Scarcity and Modernity, London and New York, 1989.
14. Michael Baxandall's notion of the period eye may be useful in thinking about how eras are visualized: Painting and Experience in Fifteenth-Century Italy, Oxford, 1972, ch. 2.
15. Examples of comparative history are: Clive Emsley, Essays in Comparative History: Economy, Politics and Society in Britain and America, Milton Keynes, 1984.
16. Jane Rendall, The Origins of Modern Feminism: Women in Britain, France and the United States, 1780-1860, London, 1985 (in the Macmillan series, Themes in Comparative History).
17. Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China, Cambridge, 1979.
18. Barrington Moore, Privacy: Studies in Social and Cultural History, New York, 1984.
19. the journal Comparative Studies in Society and History.
20. Joseph Ben-David, The Scientist's Role in Society: A Comparative Study, Englewood Cliffs, 1971.
21. Thomas Glick (ed.), The Comparative Reception of Darwinism, Austin, 1974.
22. Comparative Studies in Society and History (1982), 24, 533-610 (a set of papers on ‘The Cultural Diffusion of Freudian Thought’).
23. Arthur Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being: A Study of the History of an Idea, New York, 1960.
24. Essays in the History of Ideas, New York, 1960.
25. Clarence Glacken, Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century, Berkeley, 1967
26. George Boas, Vox Populi: Essays in the History of an Idea, Baltimore, 1969.
27. Garland Allen, Life Science in the Twentieth Century, London and New York, 1979.
28. William Coleman, Biology in the Nineteenth Century: Problems of Form, Function, and Transformation, London and New York, 1971 and Nordenskiold, op. cit. (1).
29. Robert Westman, ‘The astronomer's role in the sixteenth century: a preliminary study’, History of Science (1980), 18, 105-47.
30. James Weisheipl, ‘The nature, scope, and classification of the sciences’, in Science in the Middle Ages (ed. D. Lindberg), Chicago, 1978, 461-82.
31. consider the issue of discipline formation; another approach is via histories of science: Rachel Laudan, ‘Histories of the sciences and their uses: a review to 1913’, History of Science (1993), 31, 1-34.
32. Clifford Geertz, Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretative Anthropology, New York, 1983, 4.
33. See the relatively new journal Science in Context and James Secord's review of it in Isis (1990), 81, 289-90.
34. Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life, Princeton, 1985.
35. Adrian Desmond, The Politics of Evolution: Morphology, Medicine and Reform in Radical London, Chicago, 1989.
36. Ivan Illich, Gender, London, 1983.
37. Joan Scott, ‘Gender: a useful category for historical analysis’, American Historical Review (1986), 91, 1053-75 and Gender and the Politics of History, New York, 1988.
38. Charles Rosenberg and Carroll Smith-Rosenberg, ‘The female animal: medical and biological views of women’, Journal of American History (1973), 60, 332-56.
39. Mary Hartman and Lois Banner (eds.), Clio's Consciousness Raised, New York, 1971.
40. Barbara Ehrenreich and Dierdre English, For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts’ Advice to Women, London, 1979.
41. Lorna Duffin, ‘The conspicuous consumptive’, in The Nineteenth-Century Woman Her Cultural and Physical World (ed. S. Delamont and L. Duffin), London, 1978, 26-56.
42. Margaret Rossiter, Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940, Baltimore, 1982.
43. Pnina Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram (eds.), Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1789-1979, New Brunswick and London, 1987.
44. G. Kass-Simon and Patricia Fames (eds.), Women of Science: Righting the Record, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1990. In The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science, Cambridge, Mass., 1989, Londa Schiebinger has attempted to bring together the study of women practitioners and changing ideas of sexual difference.
45. Carol MacCormack and Marilyn Strathern (eds.), Nature, Culture and Gender, Cambridge, 1980.
46. Sherry Ortner and Harriet Whitehead (eds.), Sexual Meanings: The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality, Cambridge, 1981.
47. Leonore Davidoff, ‘“Adam spoke first and named the orders of the world”: masculine and feminine domains in history and sociology’, in Politics of Everyday Life: Continuity and Change in Work and the Family (ed. H. Corr and L. Jamieson), London, 1990, 229-55.
48. Rosemary Crompton and Michael Mann (eds.), Gender and Stratification, Cambridge, 1986, especially chs. 4 and 12.
49. Peter Burke, History and Social Theory, Ithaca, 1992.
50. Illich, op. cit. (11), 4.
51. Gillian Beer, ‘“The Face of Nature”: anthropomorphic elements in the language of The Origin of Species’, in Languages of Nature: Critical Essays on Science and Literature (ed. L. Jordanova), London, 1986, 207-43.
52. Ludmilla Jordanova, Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Hemel Hempstead, 1989, ch. 4.
53. Barbara Duden, The Woman Beneath the Skin: A Doctor's Patients in Eighteenth-Century Germany, Cambridge, Mass., 1991, especially 37-41.
54. Evelyn Fox Keller, Reflections on Gender and Science, New Haven and London, 1985, part 2, and ‘From secrets of life to secrets of death’, in Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science (ed. M. Jacobus, E. Fox Keller and S. Shuttleworth), New York and London, 1990, 177-91;.
55. cf. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, New York and London, 1990, ch. 2.
56. the journal Representations; on personification see: Marina Warner, Monuments and Maidens: The Allegory of the Female Form, London, 1985.
57. Maurice Agulhon, Marianne into Battle: Republican Imagery and Symbolism in France, 1789-1880, Cambridge, 1981.
58. Marcia Pointon, Naked Authority: The Body in Western Painting 1830-1908, Cambridge, 1990, especially ch. 3.
59. Londa Schiebinger, ‘Feminine icons: the face of early modern science’, Critical Inquiry (1988), 14, 661-91.
60. Ilza Veith, Hysteria: The History of a Disease, Chicago, 1965.
61. Elaine Showalter, The Female Malady: Women, Madness and English Culture, 1830-1980, London, 1987.
62. Karl Figlio, ‘Chlorosis and chronic disease in 19th-century Britain: the social constitution of somatic illness in a capitalist society’, in Women and Health: The Politics of Sex in Medicine (ed. E. Fee), Farmingdale, NY, 1983, 213-41.
63. Joan Brumberg, ‘Chlorotic girls, 1870-1920: a historical perspective on female adolescence’, in Women and Health in America: Historical Readings (ed. J. Leavitt), Madison, 1984, 186-95.
64. E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, London, 1963 (‘class is a relationship, not a thing… “It” does not exist’, p. 11); Whigs and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act, New York, 1975; Customs in Common, London, 1993.
65. Mark Micale, ‘Hysteria male/hysteria female: reflections on comparative gender construction in nineteenth-century France and Britain’, in Science and Sensibility: Gender and Scientific Enquiry 1780-1945 (ed. Marina Benjamin), Oxford, 1991, 200-39.
66. Elaine Showalter, op. cit. (19), ch. 7; Ornella Moscucci, The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929, Cambridge, 1990.
67. William Bynum and Roy Porter (eds.), William Hunter and the Eighteenth Century Medical World, Cambridge, 1985.
68. Roy Porter ‘A touch of danger: the man-midwife as sexual predator’, in Sexual Underworlds of the Enlightenment (ed. G. Rousseau and R. Porter), Manchester, 1987, 206-32.
69. Carolyn Merchant, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution, New York, 1980; Fox Keller, op. cit. (17), chs. 2 and 3.
70. Brian Easlea, Fathering the Unthinkable: Masculinity, Scientists and the Nuclear Arms Race, London, 1983, especially 19-28.
71. Claude Bernard, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, New York, 1957, 22-3.
72. Winthrop Jordan, White over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro 1550-1812, Baltimore, 1969.
73. Jean Elshtain, Public Man, Private Woman: Women in Social and Political Thought, Oxford, 1981.
74. Meditations on Modern Political Thought: Masculine/Feminine Themes from Luther to Arendt, New York, 1986.
75. Susan Okin, Women in Western Political Thought, Princeton, 1979
76. Henrietta Moore, Feminism and Anthropology, Cambridge, 1988, ch. 2.
77. Genevieve Lloyd, The Man of Reason: ‘Male’ and ‘Female’ in Western Philosophy, London, 1984, especially ch. 5.
78. Ian Maclean, The Renaissance Notion of Women, Cambridge, 1980; and the works cited in note 25.
79. On embryology see Elizabeth Gasking, Investigations into Generation 1651-1828, Baltimore, 1966.
80. Shirley Roe, Matter, Life, and Generation: Eighteenth-century Embryology and the Haller-Wolff Debate, Cambridge, 1981.
81. T. J. Horder, J. A. Witkowski and C. C. Wylie (eds.), A History of Embryology, Cambridge, 1986. Angus McLaren, Reproductive Rituals: The Perception of Fertility in England from the Sixteenth Century to the Nineteenth Century, London and New York, 1984, places these issues in a broad historical context.
82. Ludmilla Jordanova, ‘Naturalizing the family: literature and the bio-medical sciences in the late eighteenth century’, in L. Jordanova (ed.), op. cit. (15), 86-116, especially 115-16.
83. Londa Schiebinger, ‘Why mammals are called mammals: gender politics in eighteenth-century natural history’, American Historical Review (1993), 98, 382-411; Moscucci, op. cit. (21).
84. Richard Burkhardt, ‘Closing the door on Lord Morton's mare: the rise and fall of telegony’, Studies in the History of Biology (1979), 3, 1-21; Bynum and Porter (eds.), op. cit. (21); Moscucci, op. cit. (21).
85. Marilyn Strathern, Reproducing the Future: Essays on Anthropology, Kinship and the New Reproductive Technologies, Manchester, 1992.
86. After Nature: English Kinship in the Late Twentieth Century, Cambridge, 1992.
87. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, Harmondsworth, 1970, ch. 8, especially 182-3.
88. Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, Harmondsworth, 1970.
89. Starting at least with Hobbes’ Leviathan, political theorists, including political economists, turned to supposedly natural and original situations and used the relations between men and women that they imagined to have obtained there as models, both positive and negative, often treating them as naturalized legitimations of social relations more generally: Elshtain, op. cit. (25) and Okin, op. cit. (25).
90. Anna Davin, ‘Imperialism and Motherhood’, History Workshop Journal (1978), 5, 9-65.
91. Jane Lewis, The Politics of Motherhood, London, 1980.
92. Ann Oakely, The Captured Womb: A History of the Medical Care of Pregnant Women, Oxford, 1984.
93. Naomi Pfeffer, The Stork and the Syringe, Cambridge, 1993
94. Frederick Winslow Taylor, Principles of Scientific Management, New York and London, 1911, 40, cited in.
95. Ludmilla Jordanova, Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Hemel Hempstead, 1989, 118
96. Donna Haraway, Primate Visions: Gender, Race and Nature in the World of Modern Science, New York and London, 1989, and Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, London, 1991.
97. In addition to works already cited, the following journals are relevant: Gender and History; Genders; Journal of Gender Studies; Gender and Society, as are the following books: Mary Poovey, Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England, Chicago, 1988.
98. Thomas Laqueur, Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud, Cambridge, Mass., 1990.
99. Elaine Showalter, Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Siècle London, 1991.
100. Judith Walkowitz, City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late-Victorian London, London, 1992.
101. Cynthia Russett, Sexual Science: The Victorian Construction of Womanhood, Cambridge, Mass., 1989.
102. Anne Fausto-Sterling, Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about Women and Men, New York, 1985.