-
1
-
-
84974420868
-
John Foster Fraser
-
The Real Siberia (London, 1902)
-
John Foster Fraser, The Real Siberia (London, 1902), p. 91.
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
84974511732
-
Russian Far Eastern Policy, 1881-1904
-
(Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1958), also Peter The number of books on this subject is too long to list here. See the excellent if necessarily dated bibliography in (Durham, North Carolina, 1959), 456-72;
-
The number of books on this subject is too long to list here. See the excellent if necessarily dated bibliography in A. Malozemoff, Russian Far Eastern Policy, 1881-1904 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1958), pp. 317-47; also Peter S. H. Tang, Russian and Soviet Policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia, 1911-1931 (Durham, North Carolina, 1959), PP. 456-72;
-
Russian and Soviet Policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia
, pp. 317
-
-
Malozemoff, A.1
Tang, S.H.2
-
3
-
-
84974425225
-
Eastern Siberia refers to all land east of Lake Baikal
-
encompassing the Transbaikal, Amur, and Maritime districts plus Sakhalin Island and Kamchatka. The Russian Far East is more restrictive, generally excluding the Transbaikal.
-
Eastern Siberia refers to all land east of Lake Baikal, encompassing the Transbaikal, Amur, and Maritime districts plus Sakhalin Island and Kamchatka. The Russian Far East is more restrictive, generally excluding the Transbaikal.
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4043085998
-
The Great Siberian Migration
-
See Donald (Princeton, 1957); Harmon Tupper, To the Great Ocean: Siberia and the Trans-Siberian Railway (Boston, 1965); Akademiia nauk SSSR (ed.), htoriia Sibiri (History of Siberia), 5 vols (Leningrad, 1968), III, 22-57, 207-11, 310-27 and passim.
-
See Donald W. Treadgold, The Great Siberian Migration (Princeton, 1957); Harmon Tupper, To the Great Ocean: Siberia and the Trans-Siberian Railway (Boston, 1965); Akademiia nauk SSSR (ed.), htoriia Sibiri (History of Siberia), 5 vols (Leningrad, 1968), III, 22-57, 207-11, 310-27 and passim.
-
-
-
Treadgold, W.1
-
5
-
-
84974361298
-
All dates are given according to the Russian calendar which was twelve days behind the Gregorian Calendar in the nineteenth century and thirteen in the twentieth.
-
All dates are given according to the Russian calendar which was twelve days behind the Gregorian Calendar in the nineteenth century and thirteen in the twentieth.
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
84974261381
-
Texts of treaties appear in ‘Vladimir’ (Z. Volpicelli)
-
Russia on the Pacific and the Siberian Railroad (London, 1899)
-
Texts of treaties appear in ‘Vladimir’ (Z. Volpicelli), Russia on the Pacific and the Siberian Railroad (London, 1899), pp. 346-55.
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
84974330149
-
Graf Nikolai Nikolaevich Amurskii, 2 vols
-
See Muraviev's reports in (Moscow, 1891), II, 150-1, 186-8.
-
See Muraviev's reports in I. P. Barsuvko, Graf Nikolai Nikolaevich Amurskii, 2 vols (Moscow, 1891), II, 150-1, 186-8.
-
-
-
Barsuvko, I.P.1
-
8
-
-
84974514819
-
Piatidesiatiletie Amurskago Kraia, 1854-1904 gg.
-
For a description of the tribulations of the Amur Cossacks in the early years of their settlement see the account of R. K. Bogdanov translated in Russia's Eastward Expansion, ed. George A. Lensen (New york, 1964), Details of peasants’ difficulties and the flood of 1872 which inundated Cossack settlements are in P. Nadin (Fifty years of the Amur Region, 1854-1904), Vestnik Evropy, III, 179, 181-4.
-
For a description of the tribulations of the Amur Cossacks in the early years of their settlement see the account of R. K. Bogdanov translated in Russia's Eastward Expansion, ed. George A. Lensen (New york, 1964), pp. 96-103. Details of peasants’ difficulties and the flood of 1872 which inundated Cossack settlements are in P. Nadin, ‘Piatidesiatiletie Amurskago Kraia, 1854-1904 gg.’ (Fifty years of the Amur Region, 1854-1904), Vestnik Evropy, III (1905), 179, 181-4.
-
(1905)
, pp. 96-103
-
-
-
9
-
-
84974514813
-
The Chinese migration into Manchuria is discussed in Owen Lattimore
-
Inner Asian Frontiers of China (Boston, 1962), Lattimore contends that the policy of encouraging migration which dates from 1878 succeeded only as far as southern Manchuria was concerned because ‘the Chinese economy and society did not have enough inherent vigor to occupy north Manchuria in strength’. However, he fails to take into account that the population of Kirin and Heilungkiang provinces had reached 5.2 million by 1907 and that the frontier economy boomed owing to the abundance of fertile land, furs, minerals, the river traffic, and the growing Russian market. For a more recent study which analyses these factors, see (Cambridge, Mass. 1970), esp. 78-115.
-
The Chinese migration into Manchuria is discussed in Owen Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers of China (Boston, 1962), pp. 140-4. Lattimore contends that the policy of encouraging migration which dates from 1878 succeeded only as far as southern Manchuria was concerned because ‘the Chinese economy and society did not have enough inherent vigor to occupy north Manchuria in strength’. However, he fails to take into account that the population of Kirin and Heilungkiang provinces had reached 5.2 million by 1907 and that the frontier economy boomed owing to the abundance of fertile land, furs, minerals, the river traffic, and the growing Russian market. For a more recent study which analyses these factors, see R. H. G. Lee, The Manchurian Frontier in Ch'ing History (Cambridge, Mass. 1970), esp. pp. 78-115.
-
The Manchurian Frontier in Ch'ing History
, pp. 140
-
-
Lee, R.H.G.1
-
10
-
-
84974263852
-
Malozemoff, Russian Far Eastern Policy
-
p. n. Ts'ao T'ing-chieh, who spent several months in the Russian territories in 1885, reported to the military governor of Kirin that there were about 20,000 Chinese living in die region between the Ussuri and the Sea of Japan. See Lee, The Manchurian Frontier, p. go.
-
Malozemoff, Russian Far Eastern Policy, p. n. Ts'ao T'ing-chieh, who spent several months in the Russian territories in 1885, reported to the military governor of Kirin that there were about 20,000 Chinese living in die region between the Ussuri and the Sea of Japan. See Lee, The Manchurian Frontier, p. go.
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
84974376524
-
Lee
-
The Manchurian Frontier
-
Lee, The Manchurian Frontier, pp. 105-11.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
84974330091
-
Dersu, The Trapper, trans. Malcolm Burr
-
(New york, 1941)1.
-
V. K. Arseniev, Dersu, The Trapper, trans. Malcolm Burr (New york, 1941)1 pp. 179-80.
-
-
-
Arseniev, V.K.1
-
13
-
-
84974300245
-
One desiatina equals 2.7 acres.
-
One desiatina equals 2.7 acres.
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
84974285793
-
-
tsifry, nabliudeniia (Priamur: Facts, Figures, Observations), ed. Tikton (Moscow, 1909)
-
Priamur'e: Fakty, tsifry, nabliudeniia (Priamur: Facts, Figures, Observations), ed. Tikton I. Polner (Moscow, 1909), pp. 116-17.
-
-
-
Polner, I.1
-
15
-
-
84974300239
-
One verst equals 0.66 miles (1.06 kms).
-
One verst equals 0.66 miles (1.06 kms).
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
84974461881
-
Bor
-
ba s Khunkhuzami na Manzhurskoi granitse’ (The Struggle Against the Hunghutzes on the Manchurian Border), Istoricheskii Vestnik, XXXII, 181-3.
-
P. Iuvachev, ‘Bor'ba s Khunkhuzami na Manzhurskoi granitse’ (The Struggle Against the Hunghutzes on the Manchurian Border), Istoricheskii Vestnik, XXXII (1900), 181-3.
-
(1900)
-
-
Iuvachev, P.1
-
17
-
-
84974417372
-
Po Iuzhno-Ussuriiskomu Kraiu
-
(In the South Ussuri Region), Istoricheskii Vestnik, XLIII (1891), 449.
-
A. V. Eliseev, ‘Po Iuzhno-Ussuriiskomu Kraiu’ (In the South Ussuri Region), Istoricheskii Vestnik, XLIII (1891), 449.
-
-
-
Eliseev, A.V.1
-
18
-
-
84974330183
-
Malozemoff
-
Russian Far Eastern Policy
-
Malozemoff, Russian Far Eastern Policy, p. 25.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
84974417413
-
Rabochaia sila na stroitel
-
stve sibirskoi zheleznodorozhnoi magistrali, 1891 -1905 gg.’ (The Work Force in the Construction of the Siberian Mainline Railway, 1891-1905), Istoricheskie zapiski, LXX, 147-8.
-
V. F. Borzunov, ‘Rabochaia sila na stroitel'stve sibirskoi zheleznodorozhnoi magistrali, 1891 -1905 gg.’ (The Work Force in the Construction of the Siberian Mainline Railway, 1891-1905), Istoricheskie zapiski, LXX (1961), 147-8.
-
(1961)
-
-
Borzunov, V.F.1
-
20
-
-
84974361258
-
Proletariat Sibiri i Dal'nogo Vostoka nakanune pervoi russkoi revoliutsii
-
(The Proletariat of Siberia and the Far East on the Eve of the First Russian Revolution) (Moscow, 1965)
-
V. F. Borzunov, Proletariat Sibiri i Dal'nogo Vostoka nakanune pervoi russkoi revoliutsii (The Proletariat of Siberia and the Far East on the Eve of the First Russian Revolution) (Moscow, 1965), p. 23.
-
-
-
Borzunov, V.F.1
-
21
-
-
84974218420
-
Borzunov
-
Rabochaia sila’, 160.
-
Borzunov, ‘Rabochaia sila’, pp. 158, 160.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
84974302335
-
Four Thousand Miles Across Siberia
-
(5th edn, London, 1909), Wenyon arrived in Vladivostok from Tientsin aboard a steamer containing 1,100 coolies. According to his estimate the steamer was built to hold five hundred ‘uncomfortably crowded’.
-
Charles Wenyon, Four Thousand Miles Across Siberia (5th edn, London, 1909), pp. 11-12. Wenyon arrived in Vladivostok from Tientsin aboard a steamer containing 1,100 coolies. According to his estimate the steamer was built to hold five hundred ‘uncomfortably crowded’.
-
-
-
Wenyon, C.1
-
23
-
-
84974462454
-
Fabrichnoe Zakonodatel'stvo i fabrichnaia inspektsiia v Rossii
-
(Factory Legislation and Factory Inspection in Russia) (St Petersburg, 1900), 120. For the texts of the laws see Polnoe Sobranie Zakonov (Complete Collection of Laws) (St Petersburg, 2nd ser. XXXVI, 1863), and P.S.Z. (St Petersburg, 3rd ser. VI, 1888).
-
V. P. Litvinov-Falinskii, Fabrichnoe Zakonodatel'stvo i fabrichnaia inspektsiia v Rossii (Factory Legislation and Factory Inspection in Russia) (St Petersburg, 1900), pp. 9, 120. For the texts of the laws see Polnoe Sobranie Zakonov (Complete Collection of Laws) (St Petersburg, 2nd ser. XXXVI, 1863), and P.S.Z. (St Petersburg, 3rd ser. VI, 1888).
-
-
-
Litvinov-Falinskii, V.P.1
-
24
-
-
84974365069
-
Borzunov
-
Proletariat Sibiri, quoting from papers of administration for construction of Mid-Siberian Railway.
-
Borzunov, Proletariat Sibiri, p. 119 quoting from papers of administration for construction of Mid-Siberian Railway.
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
84974462433
-
-
Ibid.
-
Ibid. p. 119.
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
84974361336
-
-
Ibid. 119.
-
Ibid. pp. 104, 119.
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
84974361316
-
-
Ibid.
-
Ibid. p. 85.
-
-
-
-
28
-
-
84974361326
-
Tupper
-
To the Great Ocean, Tupper adds: ‘Their health suffered from temperature changes, and they refused to work during rain. At the slightest hint of a tiger in the vicinity, they stampeded in squealing hysteria and huddled in camp until driven out by the labor contractors’ musclemen. ‘ For more information on varieties of payment and work methods, see the official Otchel po postroike Severno-Ussuriiskoi zheleznoi dorogi, 1894-1897 gg. (Essay on the Building of North-Ussuri Railroad, 1894.-1897), (St Petersburg, 1900), 6-12.
-
Tupper, To the Great Ocean, p. 175. Tupper adds: ‘Their health suffered from temperature changes, and they refused to work during rain. At the slightest hint of a tiger in the vicinity, they stampeded in squealing hysteria and huddled in camp until driven out by the labor contractors’ musclemen. ‘ For more information on varieties of payment and work methods, see the official Otchel po postroike Severno-Ussuriiskoi zheleznoi dorogi, 1894-1897 gg. (Essay on the Building of North-Ussuri Railroad, 1894.-1897), (St Petersburg, 1900), pp. 6-12.
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
84974405698
-
Borzunov
-
Rabochie Sibirskoi zh.d.’
-
Borzunov, ‘Rabochie Sibirskoi zh.d.’, p. 118.
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
84974278912
-
The possibility ol a self-perpetuating network ot emigrants
-
such as that described with reference to San Tin village (Hong Kong) in James L. Watson Emigration and Chinese Lineage (Berkeley, 1975), is suggested by the frequency with which the two provinces, Shantung and Shansi, are mentioned in the literature as places of origin. See, for example, B. L. Putnam Weale [B. L. Simpson] The Coming Struggle in Eastern Asia (London, 1908), Harley Farnsworth MacNair, The Chinese Abroad, their Position and Protection (Shanghai, 1933), 46; and Lee, The Manchurian Frontier, 87-8, 103-4. Simpson cites Laichoufu and Tengchoufu as the two prefectures of Shantung from which emigration to Russia was heaviest.
-
The possibility ol a self-perpetuating network ot emigrants, such as that described with reference to San Tin village (Hong Kong) in James L. Watson, Emigration and Chinese Lineage (Berkeley, 1975), is suggested by the frequency with which the two provinces, Shantung and Shansi, are mentioned in the literature as places of origin. See, for example, B. L. Putnam Weale [B. L. Simpson] The Coming Struggle in Eastern Asia (London, 1908), p. 16; Harley Farnsworth MacNair, The Chinese Abroad, their Position and Protection (Shanghai, 1933), p. 46; and Lee, The Manchurian Frontier, pp. 87-8, 103-4. Simpson cites Laichoufu and Tengchoufu as the two prefectures of Shantung from which emigration to Russia was heaviest.
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
85018829058
-
Greater Russia
-
the Continental Empire of the Old World (London, 1903). P- 206.
-
Wirt Gerrare, Greater Russia, the Continental Empire of the Old World (London, 1903). P- 206.
-
-
-
Gerrare, W.1
-
32
-
-
84974462459
-
-
Ibid. 206. See also Arseniev, Dersu, the Trapper, 182-3.
-
Ibid. pp. 198, 206. See also Arseniev, Dersu, the Trapper, pp. 182-3.
-
-
-
-
33
-
-
84974302359
-
The Russian Army and the Japanese War, trans. Capt. A. B. Lindsay
-
(2 vols, London, 1909), I, 71.
-
A. N. Kuropatkin, The Russian Army and the Japanese War, trans. Capt. A. B. Lindsay (2 vols, London, 1909), I, 71.
-
-
-
Kuropatkin, A.N.1
-
34
-
-
84974226657
-
Zolotopromyshlennost
-
v vostochnoi Sibiri’ (The Gold Industry in Eastern Siberia), Vestnik Evropy, VII (1898), 142-57; For the early development of the gold industry in eastern Siberia see. (On the Question of an Industrial Revolution in the Gold-mining Industry of Eastern Siberia, 1860-1900), in Ekonomicheskoe i obshchestvennopoliticheskoe razvitie Sibiri v 1861-igiy gg. (Novosibirsk, 1965)
-
For the early development of the gold industry in eastern Siberia see E. L. Baranovskii, ‘Zolotopromyshlennost’ v vostochnoi Sibiri’ (The Gold Industry in Eastern Siberia), Vestnik Evropy, VII (1898), 142-57; S. F. Khrolenok, ‘K voprosu 0 promyshlennom perevorote v zolotodobyvaiushchei promyshlennosti vostochnoi Sibiri, i860-1900 gg’. (On the Question of an Industrial Revolution in the Gold-mining Industry of Eastern Siberia, 1860-1900), in Ekonomicheskoe i obshchestvennopoliticheskoe razvitie Sibiri v 1861-igiy gg. (Novosibirsk, 1965), pp. 97-109.
-
K voprosu 0 promyshlennom perevorote v zolotodobyvaiushchei promyshlennosti vostochnoi Sibiri
, pp. 97-109
-
-
Baranovskii, E.L.1
Khrolenok, S.F.2
-
35
-
-
84974461925
-
Zheltuginskaia respublika v Kitae
-
See the sympathetic account of the Zheltuga Republic by (The Zheltuga Republic in China), Russkoe Bogatstvo, IX (1896)
-
See the sympathetic account of the Zheltuga Republic by A. Lebedev, ‘Zheltuginskaia respublika v Kitae’ (The Zheltuga Republic in China), Russkoe Bogatstvo, IX (1896), pp. 141-71.
-
-
-
Lebedev, A.1
-
36
-
-
84974218451
-
Dal
-
nyi Vostok’ (The Far East), in (St Petersburg, 1914), I, 502.
-
V. F. Romanov, ‘Dal'nyi Vostok’ (The Far East), in A. V. Krivoshein (ed.), Aziatskaia Rossiia, 3 vols (St Petersburg, 1914), I, 502.
-
(ed.), Aziatskaia Rossiia, 3 vols
-
-
Romanov, V.F.1
Krivoshein, A.V.2
-
37
-
-
84974302443
-
Zoloto i Platina (Gold and Platinum)
-
XII, 239. Cf. Gerrare, Greater Russia
-
Zoloto i Platina (Gold and Platinum), XII (1906), 239. Cf. Gerrare, Greater Russia, p. 124.
-
(1906)
, pp. 124
-
-
-
38
-
-
84974425273
-
Calculated on basis of figures provided in Baranovskii
-
Zolotoprom. v vost. Sibiri’, On changes in 1902 affecting goldmining see The Russian year-Book for ign, ed. Howard (London, n.d.), 101.
-
Calculated on basis of figures provided in Baranovskii, ‘Zolotoprom. v vost. Sibiri’, pp. 145-6. On changes in 1902 affecting goldmining see The Russian year-Book for ign, ed. Howard P. Kennard (London, n.d.), p. 101.
-
-
-
Kennard, P.1
-
39
-
-
84974511792
-
Zoloto Priamur'ia’ (Gold of the Priamur)
-
Zoloto i Platina, II, 37. Cf. Aziatskaia Rossiia, I, 502.
-
‘Zoloto Priamur'ia’ (Gold of the Priamur), Zoloto i Platina, II (1914), 37. Cf. Aziatskaia Rossiia, I, 502.
-
(1914)
-
-
-
40
-
-
84974514856
-
Ocherk Amurskoi oblasti v sviazi s gruzooborotom proektiruemoi sredne-Amurskoi zh.d.
-
(An Essay on the Amur District in Connection with Freight Transport of the Projected Mid-Amur Railroad) (St Petersburg, 1909), An unsubstantiated estimate of sixty per cent is given in R. L. Wright and B. Digby (London, 1913), 81.
-
V. A. Sakhanskii, Ocherk Amurskoi oblasti v sviazi s gruzooborotom proektiruemoi sredne-Amurskoi zh.d. (An Essay on the Amur District in Connection with Freight Transport of the Projected Mid-Amur Railroad) (St Petersburg, 1909), p. 42. An unsubstantiated estimate of sixty per cent is given in R. L. Wright and B. Digby, Through Siberia, an Empire in the Making (London, 1913), p. 81.
-
Through Siberia, an Empire in the Making
, pp. 42
-
-
Sakhanskii, V.A.1
-
41
-
-
84974440152
-
‘Vladimir
-
Russia on the Pacific
-
‘Vladimir’, Russia on the Pacific, p. 137.
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
84974461918
-
Guide to the Great Siberian Railway
-
ed. A. I. Dmitriev-Mamonov and (St Petersburg, 1900), Istoriia Sibiri, III, 60.
-
Guide to the Great Siberian Railway, ed. A. I. Dmitriev-Mamonov and A. F. Zdziarski (St Petersburg, 1900), p. 468; Istoriia Sibiri, III, 60.
-
-
-
Zdziarski, A.F.1
-
43
-
-
84974421159
-
Guide to the G.S.R.
-
Guide to the G.S.R. p. 468.
-
-
-
-
44
-
-
84974395928
-
Gerrare
-
Greater Siberia, 192.
-
Gerrare, Greater Siberia, pp. 187, 192.
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
84974511813
-
-
Ibid.
-
Ibid. p. 215.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
84974479080
-
See fn. 1. Specific incidents are recounted in Fraser
-
The Real Siberia, Maurice Baring, With the Russians in Manchuria (London, iqoO,20.
-
See fn. 1. Specific incidents are recounted in Fraser, The Real Siberia, p. 198; Maurice Baring, With the Russians in Manchuria (London, iqoO, p. 20.
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
84974479071
-
See
-
for example, Henry Lansdell, Through Siberia, 3rd edn (London, 1882), James Young Simpson, Side-Lights on Siberia (London & Edinburgh, 1898), 239-40.
-
See, for example, Henry Lansdell, Through Siberia, 3rd edn (London, 1882), pp. 713-14; James Young Simpson, Side-Lights on Siberia (London & Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 239-40.
-
-
-
-
48
-
-
33644687182
-
The Russo-Chinese War
-
Quoted from George (Tallahassee, Florida, 1967)
-
Quoted from George A. Lensen, The Russo-Chinese War (Tallahassee, Florida, 1967), p. 73.
-
-
-
Lensen, A.1
-
49
-
-
84974499232
-
As reported by Gribskii to Lev Deutsch
-
the social democrat who, while serving a term of exile, worked as a journalist. See Lev (London, 1905)
-
As reported by Gribskii to Lev Deutsch, the social democrat who, while serving a term of exile, worked as a journalist. See Lev G. Deutsch, Sixteen years in Siberia (London, 1905), p. 331.
-
Sixteen years in Siberia
, pp. 331
-
-
Deutsch, G.1
-
50
-
-
84974302458
-
For a detailed account of the Blagoveshchensk massacre based on official documents
-
see ‘V.’ ‘Blagoveshchenskaia “Utopia”’ (The Blagoveshchensk Utopia), Vestnik Evropy, VII, 231-41. See also Deutsch, Sixteen years, Lensen, Russo-Chinese War, 68-113.
-
For a detailed account of the Blagoveshchensk massacre based on official documents, see ‘V.’ ‘Blagoveshchenskaia “Utopia”’ (The Blagoveshchensk Utopia), Vestnik Evropy, VII (1910), 231-41. See also Deutsch, Sixteen years, pp. 328-48; Lensen, Russo-Chinese War, pp. 68-113.
-
(1910)
, pp. 328
-
-
-
51
-
-
84974302450
-
‘Khronika’ (Chronicle)
-
Russkoe Bogatstvo, IX, 218-9, 221.
-
‘Khronika’ (Chronicle), Russkoe Bogatstvo, IX (1900), 218-9, 221.
-
(1900)
-
-
-
52
-
-
84881622324
-
Russkoe Bogatstvo
-
IX, 220, 224; Lensen, Russo-Chinese War.
-
Russkoe Bogatstvo, IX (1900), 220, 224; Lensen, Russo-Chinese War p. 278.
-
(1900)
, pp. 278
-
-
-
53
-
-
84974462480
-
Gerrare
-
Greater Russia
-
Gerrare, Greater Russia, p. 187.
-
-
-
-
54
-
-
84974361491
-
Based on Table 3 in Treadgold
-
Great Siberian Migration, Figures are rounded off to nearest thousand.
-
Based on Table 3 in Treadgold, Great Siberian Migration, p. 34. Figures are rounded off to nearest thousand.
-
-
-
-
55
-
-
84974499478
-
Istoriia Sibiri
-
II, 308. Does not include returners who actually constituted a higher percentage of migrants in the earlier period (1895-1903).
-
Istoriia Sibiri, II, 308. Does not include returners who actually constituted a higher percentage of migrants in the earlier period (1895-1903).
-
-
-
-
56
-
-
84974499471
-
Fridtjof Nansen
-
Through Siberia, the Land of the Future, trans. A. G. Chater (London, 1914), 358; Pervaia Vseobshchaia perepis’ naseleniia Rossiiskoi Imperii, 1897, g.: Primorskaia oblast’ (First General Census of the Population of the Russian Empire, 1897: Maritime District) (St Petersburg, 1900), 46-7; Aziatskaia Rossiia, 1,513
-
Fridtjof Nansen, Through Siberia, the Land of the Future, trans. A. G. Chater (London, 1914), pp. 333, 358; Pervaia Vseobshchaia perepis’ naseleniia Rossiiskoi Imperii, 1897, g.: Primorskaia oblast’ (First General Census of the Population of the Russian Empire, 1897: Maritime District) (St Petersburg, 1900), pp. 46-7; Aziatskaia Rossiia, 1,513
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
84974295116
-
Population in 1907 in Sakhanskii
-
Ocherk Amurskoi oblasti
-
Population in 1907 in Sakhanskii, Ocherk Amurskoi oblasti, p. 17.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
84974444176
-
Putnam Weale
-
The Coming Struggle
-
Putnam Weale, The Coming Struggle, pp. 40-1.
-
-
-
-
59
-
-
84974462572
-
Nansen
-
Through Siberia, Population figures for 1911 are as follows: Russians-632,534 (74.2%); Chinese and Koreans-156,606 (18.3%); native Siberian peoples-28,092 (3.2%); others (Uralo-Altaic peoples, Europeans, Russian Jews)-37,772 (4.3%). See nogo Vostoka’ (The Demography and Colonization of the Soviet Far East), Novyi Vostok, VII, 106. Note discrepancy with previously cited total which may be explained by inclusion of troops and exclusion of some non-naturalized Chinese and Koreans in the latter. A figure of 100,000 Chinese in the Russian Far East as of 1912 is given in Aziatskaia Rossiia,530.
-
Nansen, Through Siberia, p. 336. Population figures for 1911 are as follows: Russians-632,534 (74.2%); Chinese and Koreans-156,606 (18.3%); native Siberian peoples-28,092 (3.2%); others (Uralo-Altaic peoples, Europeans, Russian Jews)-37,772 (4.3%). See P. Derber, ‘Demografiia i kolonizatsiia Sovetskogo Dal 'nogo Vostoka’ (The Demography and Colonization of the Soviet Far East), Novyi Vostok, VII (1923), 106. Note discrepancy with previously cited total which may be explained by inclusion of troops and exclusion of some non-naturalized Chinese and Koreans in the latter. A figure of 100,000 Chinese in the Russian Far East as of 1912 is given in Aziatskaia Rossiia, p. 530.
-
(1923)
Demografiia i kolonizatsiia Sovetskogo Dal
, pp. 336
-
-
Derber, P.1
-
60
-
-
84974435682
-
-
Putnam Weale The Coming Struggle
-
Putnam Weale, The Coming Struggle, p. 6.
-
-
-
-
61
-
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84905208038
-
Bor'ba v Rossii po voprosam Vneshnei politiki, 1906-1910 gg.
-
(The Struggle in Russia over Questions of Foreign Policy, 1906-1910) (Moscow, 1961), The motion was rejected because of the Bosnian crisis.
-
I. V. Bestuzhev, Bor'ba v Rossii po voprosam Vneshnei politiki, 1906-1910 gg. (The Struggle in Russia over Questions of Foreign Policy, 1906-1910) (Moscow, 1961), p. 355. The motion was rejected because of the Bosnian crisis.
-
-
-
Bestuzhev, I.V.1
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62
-
-
84974437649
-
Sakhanskn, Ocherk Amurskoi oblaslt, p. no. The rail line referred to by Sakhanskn was being financed by an Anglo-American consortium under J. P. Morgan and Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
-
Sakhanskn, Ocherk Amurskoi oblaslt, p. no. The rail line referred to by Sakhanskn was being financed by an Anglo-American consortium under J. P. Morgan and Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
-
-
-
-
63
-
-
84974362684
-
Gosudarstvennaia Duma: Stenogrqfichskie otchety (The State Duma: Stenographic Reports)
-
3rd Duma, session 1, pt 2, sitting 41, 24 March 1908, cols 880-975; sitting 44, 29 March 1908, cols 1318-35; sitting 45, 31 March 1908, cols 1404-82.
-
Gosudarstvennaia Duma: Stenogrqfichskie otchety (The State Duma: Stenographic Reports), 3rd Duma, session 1, pt 2, sitting 41, 24 March 1908, cols 880-975; sitting 44, 29 March 1908, cols 1318-35; sitting 45, 31 March 1908, cols 1404-82.
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
84974279031
-
Ibid. sitting 46, 1 April 1908, cols 1580-2. The stipulation was introduced by the Octobrists and moderate right factions as an amendment. It did not exclude naturalized subjects, and, in fact, approximately two thousand Korean settlers were employed in the construction of the railroad.
-
Ibid. sitting 46, 1 April 1908, cols 1580-2. The stipulation was introduced by the Octobrists and moderate right factions as an amendment. It did not exclude naturalized subjects, and, in fact, approximately two thousand Korean settlers were employed in the construction of the railroad.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
84974439011
-
Voennaia Entsiklopediia (Military Encyclopedia)
-
17 vols (St Petersburg, 1912), VII, 590.
-
Voennaia Entsiklopediia (Military Encyclopedia), 17 vols (St Petersburg, 1912), VII, 590.
-
-
-
-
66
-
-
84974219609
-
Gos. Duma: Sten. Otchety
-
3rd Duma, session 3, sitting 122, 28 May 1910, cols 2646-7. Another law passed in June gave the governor-general of the Priamur special powers to deal with anyone he suspected of espionage. See ibid. sitting 128, 3 June 1910, cols 2901.
-
Gos. Duma: Sten. Otchety, 3rd Duma, session 3, sitting 122, 28 May 1910, cols 2646-7. Another law passed in June gave the governor-general of the Priamur special powers to deal with anyone he suspected of espionage. See ibid. sitting 128, 3 June 1910, cols 2901.
-
-
-
-
67
-
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84974431225
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Japan Moves North
-
(London, 1918)
-
Frederic Coleman, Japan Moves North (London, 1918), p. 51.
-
-
-
Coleman, F.1
-
68
-
-
84974294299
-
‘O sovremennom polozhenii zolotogo promysla v Amurskoi oblasti’ (On the Current Situation of the Goldfields in the Amur District)
-
Zoloto i Platina, X, 215; Nansen, Through Siberia
-
‘O sovremennom polozhenii zolotogo promysla v Amurskoi oblasti’ (On the Current Situation of the Goldfields in the Amur District), Zoloto i Platina, X (1914), 215; Nansen, Through Siberia, p. 339.
-
(1914)
, pp. 339
-
-
-
69
-
-
84974294304
-
Zoloto i Platina
-
XII, 239-42.
-
Zoloto i Platina, XII (1906), 239-42.
-
(1906)
-
-
-
70
-
-
84974364079
-
Derber
-
Demografiia i kolonizatsiia,’ p. no.
-
Derber, ‘Demografiia i kolonizatsiia,’ p. no.
-
-
-
-
71
-
-
84974439500
-
‘Zolotopromyshlennost
-
i bor'ba s zheltym trudom’ (The Gold Industry and the Struggle Against yellow Labour), Zoloto i Platina, XI-XII, 253.
-
A. Rif, ‘Zolotopromyshlennost’ i bor'ba s zheltym trudom’ (The Gold Industry and the Struggle Against yellow Labour), Zoloto i Platina, XI-XII (1914), 253.
-
(1914)
-
-
Rif, A.1
-
72
-
-
84974333546
-
Zoloto i Platina
-
V
-
Zoloto i Platina, V (1914), p. 116.
-
(1914)
, pp. 116
-
-
-
73
-
-
84974362640
-
Zakonoproekt ob ogranichenii naima rabochikh inostrantsev na gornye promysly’ (Legislation on Limiting the Hiring of Foreign Workers for Mining)
-
Zoloto i Platina, XI-XII, 253; Promyshelnnost’ i Torgovlia (Industry and Commerce), II (1914), 111.
-
Zakonoproekt ob ogranichenii naima rabochikh inostrantsev na gornye promysly’ (Legislation on Limiting the Hiring of Foreign Workers for Mining), Zoloto i Platina, XI-XII (1914), 253; Promyshelnnost’ i Torgovlia (Industry and Commerce), II (1914), 111.
-
(1914)
-
-
-
74
-
-
84974333546
-
Zoloto i Platina
-
V, 116.
-
Zoloto i Platina, V (1914), 116.
-
(1914)
-
-
-
75
-
-
84974294360
-
Nuzhdy Amurskoi zolotopromyshlennosti
-
Promyshlennost’ i Torgovlia, VII, 372-6.
-
Nuzhdy Amurskoi zolotopromyshlennosti’, Promyshlennost’ i Torgovlia, VII (1914), 372-6.
-
(1914)
-
-
-
76
-
-
84974350508
-
A partial transcript of the meeting appeared in Osoboe mezhduvedomstvennoe Soveshchanie obrazovannoe pri Ministerstve torgovli i promyshlennosti’ (Special Interdepartmental Meeting Organized by the Ministry of Trade and Industry)
-
Zoloto i Platina, XXIII-XXIV (1914), 424.
-
A partial transcript of the meeting appeared in Osoboe mezhduvedomstvennoe Soveshchanie obrazovannoe pri Ministerstve torgovli i promyshlennosti’ (Special Interdepartmental Meeting Organized by the Ministry of Trade and Industry), Zoloto i Platina, XXIII-XXIV (1914), 424.
-
-
-
-
77
-
-
84974441062
-
See report of I. Kh. Ozerov on his discussions with the Ministers of Finance and Trade and Industry in Lenskie priiski: Sbomik Dokumentov (The Lena Mines: A Collection of Documents) ed. P. Pospelov (Moscow
-
1937)
-
See report of I. Kh. Ozerov on his discussions with the Ministers of Finance and Trade and Industry in Lenskie priiski: Sbomik Dokumentov (The Lena Mines: A Collection of Documents) ed. P. Pospelov (Moscow, 1937), p. 365.
-
-
-
-
78
-
-
84974441034
-
-
Ibid. 382
-
Ibid. p. 366, 369, 382.
-
, vol.369
, pp. 366
-
-
-
79
-
-
84974441036
-
-
See the protocol of the board meeting of the Lena Goldfields Co. on 1 November 1915 and the telegram of V. N. Zhurin to the board dated 16 December 1915 in ibid. Zhurin, the field manager, felt that the administration's decision to pay the Chinese 20 per cent less than Russian workers because of their lower productivity was unjustified.
-
See the protocol of the board meeting of the Lena Goldfields Co. on 1 November 1915 and the telegram of V. N. Zhurin to the board dated 16 December 1915 in ibid. pp. 376-9. Zhurin, the field manager, felt that the administration's decision to pay the Chinese 20 per cent less than Russian workers because of their lower productivity was unjustified.
-
-
-
-
80
-
-
84974437553
-
For a general discussion of the Chinese in Russia during the war
-
see ‘Vopros 0 zheltom trude’ (The Question of yellow Labour), Izvestiia glavnogo komiteta po snabzheniiu armii (News of the Central Committee on Army Supply), XXV (1916), 26-34. See also on Chinese in the Urals Izvestiia Osobogo Soveshchaniia po toplivu (News of the Special Council on Fuel), III, 2; in the Donets Basin ‘Doklad 0 nedostatke rabochikh’ (Report on the Shortage of Workers), XLI S'ezd Gornopromyshlennikov Iuga Rossii, noiabr'-dekabr’ 1916g. (Kharkov, 1916), Gornopromyshlennoe Delo (The Mining Business), XXXII (1916), 14218; Iu. I. Kir'ianov, Rabochie Iuga Rossii, igi4-fevraV 1917 g. (The Workers of South Russia, 1914-February 1917) (Moscow, 1971), 42.
-
For a general discussion of the Chinese in Russia during the war, see ‘Vopros 0 zheltom trude’ (The Question of yellow Labour), Izvestiia glavnogo komiteta po snabzheniiu armii (News of the Central Committee on Army Supply), XXV (1916), 26-34. See also on Chinese in the Urals Izvestiia Osobogo Soveshchaniia po toplivu (News of the Special Council on Fuel), III (1917), 2; in the Donets Basin ‘Doklad 0 nedostatke rabochikh’ (Report on the Shortage of Workers), XLI S'ezd Gornopromyshlennikov Iuga Rossii, noiabr'-dekabr’ 1916g. (Kharkov, 1916), pp. 9-12; Gornopromyshlennoe Delo (The Mining Business), XXXII (1916), 14218; Iu. I. Kir'ianov, Rabochie Iuga Rossii, igi4-fevraV 1917 g. (The Workers of South Russia, 1914-February 1917) (Moscow, 1971), p. 42.
-
(1917)
, pp. 9
-
-
-
81
-
-
84974294312
-
Coleman
-
Japan Moves North
-
Coleman, Japan Moves North, p. 134.
-
-
-
-
82
-
-
84974440973
-
Den (The Day)
-
No. 283, 14 October
-
Den (The Day), No. 283, 14 October 1916, p. 3.
-
(1916)
, pp. 3
-
-
-
83
-
-
84974330823
-
‘Uchastie Kitaiskikh internatsionarnykh chastei v zashchite sovetskoi respubliki v period grazhdanskoi voiny, 1918-20 gody
-
(The Participation of the Chinese Internationalist Units in the Defence of the Soviet Republic in the Period of the Civil War, 1918-20), Voprosy Istorii, X, 109-10.
-
N. A. Popov, ‘Uchastie Kitaiskikh internatsionarnykh chastei v zashchite sovetskoi respubliki v period grazhdanskoi voiny, 1918-20 gody’ (The Participation of the Chinese Internationalist Units in the Defence of the Soviet Republic in the Period of the Civil War, 1918-20), Voprosy Istorii, X (1957), 109-10.
-
(1957)
-
-
Popov, N.A.1
-
84
-
-
84974361437
-
Dal'nevostochnaia Respublika i Kilai
-
For information on the Chinese in the Far Eastern Republic including the issue of repatriation see (The Far Eastern Republic and China) (Moscow, 1962), and passim. According to the Soviet census of 1926, there were 80,986 Chinese subjects living in the R.S.F.S.R.
-
For information on the Chinese in the Far Eastern Republic including the issue of repatriation see M. A. Persits, Dal'nevostochnaia Respublika i Kilai (The Far Eastern Republic and China) (Moscow, 1962), p. 66 and passim. According to the Soviet census of 1926, there were 80,986 Chinese subjects living in the R.S.F.S.R.
-
-
-
Persits, M.A.1
|