PEn, Sword, And People: Military Regimes in the Formation of Political Institutions

World Politics

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 1973, Pages 251-273

  Feit, Edward ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84974144533     PISSN: 00438871     EISSN: 10863338     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2010496     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. The definition of institutions is derived, in part, from Samuel P. Huntington, “Political Development and Political Decay,” World Politics, xvii (April 1965), 386-430.
2. Mehmet Beqiraj, Peasantry in Revolution (Ithaca 1966), 5-6, 21.
3. The co-optation of elites is very ably discussed in Charles W. Anderson, Politics and Economic Change in Latin America (Princeton 1967), chap. 4; Eldon Kenworthy, “Coalitions in the Political Development of Latin America,” in Sven Groenings and others, eds., The Study of Coalition Behavior (New York 1970), 103-40.
4. The present article owes much to the work of Hugh Dalziel Duncan; see especially his Symbols in Society (New York 1968), 65-67.
5. See particularly Victor Turner, The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual (Ithaca, N.Y. 1967), chap. 1.
6. Ibid., 30. Victor Turner, The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual (Ithaca, N.Y. 1967), chap. 1.
7. Ibid., 32. Victor Turner, The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual (Ithaca, N.Y. 1967), chap. 1.
8. Murray Edelman, The Symbolic Uses of Politics (Urbana 1964); Duncan (fn. 4), 64-65.
9. Edelman (fn. 9), 79.
10. David E. Apter, Ideology and Discontent (New York 1964), adapted from p. 16.
11. Ibid., 19. David E. Apter, Ideology and Discontent (New York 1964).
12. Carl Leiden, “Egypt: The Drift to the Left,” Middle Eastern Affairs, xiv (January 1963), 7; see also James Heaphy, “The Organization of Egypt,” World Politics, xviii (January 1966), 178.
13. Leiden (fn. 13), 7.
14. Khalid B. Sayeed, “The Role of the Military in Modern Pakistan,” in Jacques van Doom, ed., Armed Forces and Society (The Hague 1968), 29.
15. Keith Callard, Political Forces in Pakistan (New York 1959), 16-17.
16. Dilwyn F. Ratcliff, Prelude to Franco: Political Aspects of the Dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera (New York 1957), 42.
17. Stanley G. Payne, Politics and the Military in Modern Spain (Stanford 1967), 204.
18. Ratcliff (fn. 17), 60.
19. Raymond Carr, Spain 1808-1939 (London 1966), 570.
20. George Pendle, Argentina (London 1955), 80-81.
21. Arthur P. Whitaker, Argentina (Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1964), 132.
22. George I. Blanksten, Perón’s Argentina (Chicago 1953), 93.
23. Whitaker (fn. 22), 133-34.
24. A. V. Sherman, “The Social Roots of Nasser’s Egypt,” Commentary, xxiv (November 1957), 414.
25. Anuar Abdel-Malek, “The Crisis in Nasser’s Egypt,” New Left Review, xlv (September 1967), 78.
26. Ibid., 73. Anuar Abdel-Malek, “The Crisis in Nasser’s Egypt,” New Left Review, xlv (September 1967).
27. Heaphy (fn. 13), 180.
28. See, for instance, Otto Rank, The Myth of the Birth of the Hero and Other Writings (New York 1959).
29. Moshe Lissak, “Social Change and Mobilization, and Exchange of Services Between the Military Establishment and Civil Society: The Burmese Case,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, xiii (October 1964), 10, The army had ruled with the consent of civilians from 1958 to 1960.
30. Quoted in Fred R. von Mehden, “The Burmese Way to Socialism,” Asian Survey, III (July 1963), 129.
31. Erik H. Erikson, Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History (London 1958), 20.
32. Alvin W. Gouldner, Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy (New York 1954), 217.
33. Panayotis J. Vatikiotis, The Egyptian Army in Politics (Bloomington, Ind. 1961), 104.
34. Frank N. Trager, Burma: From Kingdom to Republic (New York 1966), 184-85.
35. Josef Silverstein, “The Burma Socialist Program Party and its Rivals: A One-Party System,” Journal of Southeast Asian History, viii (March 1967), 12.
36. Trager (fn. 35), 202.
37. Ibid., 207. Trager.
38. Panayotis J. Vatikiotis, A History of Modern Egypt (New York 1969), 382.
39. Don Peretz, “Democracy and Revolution in Egypt,” Middle East Journal, xiii (1959). 30.
40. Malcolm H. Kerr, “The Emergence of a Socialist Ideology in Egypt,” Middle East Journal, xvi (Spring 1962), 141.
41. Heaphy (fn. 13), 190-91.
42. Panayotis J. Vatikiotis, “Some Political Consequences of the 1952 Revolution in Egypt,” in P. M. Holt, ed., Political and Social Change in Egypt (London 1968), 377.
43. Robert J. Alexander, The Perón Era (New York 1951), 60.
44. Whitaker (fn. 22), 131.
45. Ibid., 130; Blanksten (fn. 23), 100-101.
46. Andreski, Parasitism and Subversion: The Case of Latin America (London 1966), 228.
47. Whitaker (fn. 22), 114-16.
48. Carr (fn. 20), 565.
49. Ratcliff (fn. 17), 58.
50. Carr (fn. 20), 576.
51. A. H. Maslow, Motivation and Personality (New York 1954), 80-98; Harold D. Lasswell, Politics: Who Gets What, When, How? (Cleveland 1961).
52. Beqiraj (fn. 2), 4.
53. Ibid., 10. Beqiraj.
54. See, for instance, Max Gluckman, Order and Rebellion in Tribal Africa (New York 1963). In chap. 3, rituals of revolt among the Zulu are described and are shown to strengthen the community.
55. Beqiraj (fn. 2), 19.
56. Ibid., 9. Beqiraj.
57. See, for instance, Martin Albrow, Bureaucracy (New York 1970), 37-49.
58. Edward Feit, “Military Coups and Political Development: Some Lessons from Ghana and Nigeria,” World Politics, xx (January 1968), 179-93.