The puzzle of midterm loss

The Journal of Politics

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 1988, Pages 1011-1029

  Erikson, Robert S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84974074965     PISSN: 00223816     EISSN: 14682508     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2131389     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Abramowitz, Alan I., Albert D. Cover, and Helmut Norpoth. 1986. The President's Party in Midterm Elections: Going from Bad to Worse. American Journal of Political Science, 30: 562-76.
2. Born, Richard. 1986. Strategic Politicians and Unresponsive Voters. American Political Science Review, 80:599-612.
3. Campbell, Angus. 1966. Surge and Decline: A Study of Electoral Change. In Angus Campbell, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes, eds., Elections and the Political Order. New York: Wiley.
4. Campbell, Donald T, and Julian C. Stanley. 1963. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Chicago: Rand McNally.
5. Campbell, James E. 1985. Explaining Presidential Losses in Midterm Congressional Elections. Journal of Politics, 47:1140-57.
6. Cover, Albert D. 1986. Presidential Evaluations and Voting for Congress. American Journal of Political Science, 30:786-801.
7. Ferejohn, John A., and Randall L. Calvert. 1984. Presidential Coattails in Historical Perspective. American Journal of Political Science, 28:127-46.
8. Fiorina, Morris. 1988. The Reagan Years: Turning to the Right or Groping for the Middle? In Barry Cooper, Allan Kornberg, and William Mishler, eds., The Resurgence of Conservatism in Anglo-American Democracies. Durham: Duke University Press.
9. Hibbs, Douglas A. Jr. 1982. President Reagan's Mandate from 1980 Elections: A Shift to the Right? American Politics Quarterly, 10:387-420.
10. Hinckley, Barbara. 1967. Interpreting House Midterm Elections. Toward a Measurement of the In-Party's “Expected” Loss of Seats. American Political Science Review, 61:691-700.
11. Jacobson, Gary C., and Samuel Kernell. 1983. Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections. New Haven: Yale University Press.
12. Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and Douglas Rivers. 1985. A Retrospective on Retrospective Voting. In Heinz Eulau and Michael S. Lewis-Beck, eds., Economic Conditions and Electoral Outcomes. New York: Agathon Press.
13. Kernell, Samuel. 1977. Presidential Popularity and Negative Voting. American Political Science Review, 71:44-66.
14. Lau, Richard R. 1985. Two Explanations of Negativity Effects in Political Behavior. American Journal of Political Science, 29:119-38.
15. Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and Tom W. Rice. 1984. Forecasting U.S. House Elections. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 9:475-86.
16. Niemi, Richard, and Patrick Fett. 1986. The Swing Ratio: An Explanation and an Assessment. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 11:75-90.
17. Oppenheimer, Bruce I., James A. Stimson, and Richard W. Waterman. 1986. Interpreting U.S. Congressional Elections: The Exposure Thesis. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 11:227-47.
18. Ornstein, Norman J., Thomas E. Mann, Michael J. Malbin, and John E. Bibby. 1982. Vital Statistics on Congress, 1982. Washington: American Enterprise Institute.
19. Scarrow, Howard A. 1960. Federal-Provincial Voting Patterns in Canada. The Canadian Journal of Economic and Political Science, 26:289-98.
20. Stimson, James A. 1976. Public Support for American Presidents: A Cyclical Model. Public Opinion Quarterly, 40:1-21.
21. Stokes, Donald E., and Gudmund R. Iverson. 1966. On the Existence of Forces Restoring Party Competition. In Angus Campbell, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes, Elections and the Political Order. New York: Wiley.
22. Tufte, Edward R. 1975. Determinants of the Outcomes of Midterm Congressional Elections. American Political Science Review, 69:812-26.
23. Tufte, Edward R. 1978. Political Control of the Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
24. Underhill, Frank H. 1955. Canadian Liberal Democracy in 1955. In G.F. Ferguson and Frank H. Underhill, Press and Party in Canada. Toronto: Ryerson.
25. Wrong, Dennis. 1957. The Pattern of Party Voting in Canada. Public Opinion Quarterly, 19:252-64.