Neuropathy and diabetic foot syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2016, Pages

  Volmer Thole, Maren ^a   Lobmann, Ralf ^a  

^a Klinikum Stuttgart Krankenhaus Bad Cannstatt   (Germany)

Author keywords

Diabetic foot; Multidisciplinary team; Neuropathy; Wound healing

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES REFLEX; AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIABETIC FOOT; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; HOSPITALIZATION; MOTOR NEUROPATHY; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE ASSESSMENT; NEUROPATHY; OSTEOARTHROPATHY; PATHOGENESIS; PATIENT CARE; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; ULCER HEALING; WOUND CARE; WOUND HEALING; DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; PUBLIC RELATIONS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

DIABETIC FOOT; DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; INTERPROFESSIONAL RELATIONS; STANDARD OF CARE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 84973551382     PISSN: 16616596     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060917     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Risse, A. The diabetic foot syndrome-An interdisciplinary challenge. Hamostaseologie 2007, 27, 117-122. [PubMed]
2. Rumenapf, G.; Dittler, S.; Morbach, S.; Amendt, K.; Radu, A. The vascular surgeon’s role in interdisciplinary treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. Der Chir. Z. Fuer Alle Geb. Der Oper. Med. 2008, 79, 535-545.
3. Van Battum, P.; Schaper, N.; Prompers, L.; Apelqvist, J.; Jude, E. Differences in minor amputation rate in diabetic foot disease throughout Europe are in part explained by differences in disease severity at presentation. Diabet. Med. J. Br. Diabet. Assoc. 2011, 28, 199-205. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. Zimmermann, A.; Reeps, C.; Hartl, F.; Ockert, S.; Eckstein, H.H. The diabetic foot. Der Chir. Z. Fuer Alle Geb. Der Oper. Med. 2009, 80, 430-436.
5. Boulton, A.J. The diabetic foot: Grand overview, epidemiology and pathogenesis. Diabet./Metab. Res. Rev. 2008, 24, S3-S6. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. Boulton, A.J. Diabetic neuropathy and foot complications. Handbook Clin. Neurol. 2014, 126, 97-107.
7. Boulton, A.J. The pathway to foot ulceration in diabetes. Med. Clin. N. Am. 2013, 97, 775-790. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. Lobmann, R. Diabetic foot syndrome. Der Internist 2011, 52, 539-548. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. Monteiro-Soares, M.; Boyko, E.J.; Ribeiro, J.; Dinis-Ribeiro, L.M. Risk stratification systems for diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review. Diabetologia 2011, 54, 1190-1199. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. Ziegler, D.; Keller, J.; Maier, C.; Pannek, J. Diabetic neuropathy. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabet. Off. J. Ger. Soc. Endocrinol. Ger. Diabet. Assoc. 2014, 122, 406-415. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. Said, G. Diabetic neuropathy. Handbook Clin. Neurol. 2013, 115, 579-589.
12. Sandireddy, R.; Yerra, V.G.; Areti, A.; Komirishetty, P.; Kumar, A. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic neuropathy: Futuristic strategies based on these targets. Int. J. Endocrinol. 2014, 2014, 674987. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. Singh, V.P.; Bali, A.; Singh, N.; Jaggi, A.S. Advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications. Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2014, 18, 1-14. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. Zenker, J.; Ziegler, D.; Chrast, R. Novel pathogenic pathways in diabetic neuropathy. Trends Neurosci. 2013, 36, 439-449. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. Boucek, P. Advanced diabetic neuropathy-A point of no return? Rev. Diabet. Stud. 2006, 3, 143-150. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. Gilbey, S.G. Neuropathy and foot problems in diabetes. Clin. Med. 2004, 4, 318-323. [CrossRef]
17. Tavee, J.; Zhou, L. Small fiber neuropathy: A burning problem. Clevel. Clin. J. Med. 2009, 76, 297-305. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. Boulton, A.J.; Kirsner, R.S.; Vileikyte, L. Clinical practice. Neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 351, 48-55. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. Kamenov, Z.A.; Traykov, L.D. Diabetic somatic neuropathy. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2012, 771, 155-175. [PubMed]
20. Peltier, A.; Goutman, S.A.; Callaghan, B.C. Painful diabetic neuropathy. BMJ 2014, 348, g1799. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. Russell, J.W.; Zilliox, L.A. Diabetic neuropathies. Continuum 2014, 20, 1226-1240. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. Boulton, A.J. What you can’t feel can hurt you. J. Vasc. Surg. 2010, 52, 28S-30S. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. Lobmann, R. Diabetic foot: How to avoid therapeutic mistakes. MMW Fortschr. Der Med. 2013, 155, 63-66. [CrossRef]
24. Andersen, H. Motor dysfunction in diabetes. Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. 2012, 28, 89-92. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. Kamenov, Z.A.; Traykov, L.D. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2012, 771, 176-193. [PubMed]
26. Molines, L.; Darmon, P.; Raccah, D. Charcot’s foot: Newest findings on its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Diabet. Metab. 2010, 36, 251-255. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
27. Vinik, A.I.; Maser, R.E.; Mitchell, B.D.; Freeman, R. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabet. Care 2003, 26, 1553-1579. [CrossRef]
28. Brandner, J.M.; Zacheja, S.; Houdek, P.; Moii, I.; Lobmann, R. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, and connexins in diabetic and nondiabetic human keratinocytes before and after transplantation into an ex vivo wound-healing model. Diabet. Care 2008, 31, 114-120. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
29. Bruhn-Olszewska, B.; Korzon-Burakowska, A.; Gabig-Ciminska, M.; Olszewsik, P.; Wegrzyn, A.; Jakobkiewicz-Banecka, J. Molecular factors involved in the development of diabetic foot syndrome. Acta Biochim. Pol. 2012, 59, 507-513. [PubMed]
30. Da Silva, L.; Carvalho, E.; Cruz, M.T. Role of neuropeptides in skin inflammation and its involvement in diabetic wound healing. Exp. Opin. Biol. Ther. 2010, 10, 1427-1439. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
31. Lobmann, R.; Ambrosch, A.; Schultz, G.; Waldmann, K.; Schiweck, S.; Lehnert, H. Expression of matrix-metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the wounds of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2002, 45, 1011-1016. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
32. Lobmann, R.; Schultz, G.; Lehnert, H. Proteases and the diabetic foot syndrome: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Diabet. Care 2015, 28, 461-471. [CrossRef]
33. Motzkau, M.; Tautenhahn, J.; Lehnert, H.; Lobmann, R. Expression of matrix-metalloproteases in the fluid of chronic diabetic foot wounds treated with a protease absorbent dressing. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Off. J. Ger. Soc. Endocrinol. Ger. Diabet. Assoc. 2011, 119, 286-290. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
34. Barker, A.R.; Rosson, G.D.; Dellon, A.L. Wound healing in denervated tissue. Ann. Plast. Surg. 2006, 57, 339-342. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
35. Generini, S.; Tuveri, M.A.; Matucci Cerinic, M.; Mastinu, F.; Manni, L.; Aloe, L. Topical application of nerve growth factor in human diabetic foot ulcers. A study of three cases. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabet. Off. J. Ger. Soc. Endocrinol. Ger. Diabet. Assoc. 2004, 112, 542-544. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
36. Graiani, G.; Emanueli, C.; Desortes, E.; Linthout, S.V.; Pinna, A.; Figueroa, C.D.; Manni, L.; Nadeddu, P. Nerve growth factor promotes reparative angiogenesis and inhibits endothelial apoptosis in cutaneous wounds of Type 1 diabetic mice. Diabetologia 2004, 47, 1047-1054. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
37. Krishnan, S.T.; Quattrini, C.; Jeziorska, M.; Malik, R.A.; Rayman, G. Neurovascular factors in wound healing in the foot skin of type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabet. Care 2007, 30, 3058-3062. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
38. Pereira da Silva, L.; Miguel Neves, B.; Moura, L.; Cruz, M.T.; Eugenia, C. Neurotensin decreases the proinflammatory status of human skin fibroblasts and increases epidermal growth factor expression. Int. J. Inflamm. 2014, 2014, 248240.
39. Tiaka, E.K.; Papanas, N.; Manolakis, A.C.; Maltezos, E. The role of nerve growth factor in the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Int. J. Burn. Trauma 2011, 1, 68-76.
40. Cavanagh, P.R.; Bus, S.A. Off-loading the diabetic foot for ulcer prevention and healing. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2011, 127, 248S-256S. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
41. Robinson, C.; Major, M.J.; Kuffel, C.; Hines, K.; Cole, P. Orthotic management of the neuropathic foot: An interdisciplinary care perspective. Prosthet. Orthot. Int. 2015, 39, 73-81. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
42. Broussard, K.C.; Powers, J.G. Wound dressings: Selecting the most appropriate type. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2013, 14, 449-459. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
43. Mulder, G.; Tenenhaus, M.; D’souza, G.F. Reduction of diabetic foot ulcer healing times through use of advanced treatment modalities. Int. J. Low. Extrem. Wounds 2014, 13, 335-346. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
44. Shalaby, S.Y.; Blume, P.; Sumpio, B.E. New modalities in the chronic ischemic diabetic foot management. Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. 2014, 31, 27-42. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
45. Cavanagh, P.R.; Bus, S.A. Off-loading the diabetic foot for ulcer prevention and healing. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 2010, 100, 360-368. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
46. Rhim, B.; Harkless, L. Prevention: Can we stop problems before they arise? Semin. Vasc. Surg. 2012, 25, 122-128. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
47. Soliman, M.; Rajbhandari, S.M. Assessing outcome of diabetic foot ulcers and multidisciplinary foot clinic. Curr. Diabet. Rev. 2013, 9, 397-401. [CrossRef]
48. Wukich, D.K.; Armstrong, D.G.; Attinger, C.E.; Boulton, A.J.M.; Burns, P.R.; Frykberg, R.G.; Hellman, R.; Kim, P.J.; Lipsky, B.A.; Piel, J.C. et al. Inpatient management of diabetic foot disorders: A clinical guide. Diabet. Care 2013, 36, 2862-2871. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
49. Dellon, A.L. Susceptibility of nerve in diabetes to compression: Implications for pain treatment. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2014, 134, 142S-150S. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
50. Dellon, A.L.; Muse, V.L.; Nickerson, D.S. Prevention of ulceration, amputation, and reduction of hospitalization: Outcomes of a prospective multicenter trial of tibial neurolysis in patients with diabetic neuropathy. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 2012, 28, 241-246. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
51. Bentley, J.; Foster, A. Multidisciplinary management of the diabetic foot ulcer. Br. J. Community Nurs. 2007, 12, S6. [PubMed]
52. Hochlenert, D.; Engels, G. Integrated management in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. MMW Fortschr. Der Med. 2007, 149, 41-43.
53. Jeffcoate, W.J. Wound healing-A practical algorithm. Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev. 2012, 28, 85-88. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
54. Morbach, S.; Muller, E.; Reike, H.; Risse, A.; Rumenapf, G.; Spraul, M. Diabetic foot syndrome. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabet. Off. J. Ger. Soc. Endocrinol. Ger. Diabet. Assoc. 2014, 122, 416-424. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
55. Lobmann, R.; Achwerdov, O.; Brunk-Loch, S.; ENGELS, G.; Trocha, A.; Groene, C.; Kersken, J. The diabetic foot in Germany 2005-2012: Analysis of quality in specialized diabetic foot care centers. Wound Med. 2014, 4, 27-29. [CrossRef]