Oral glucocorticoid therapy and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study

European Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 31, Issue 10, 2016, Pages 1045-1055

  Movahedi, Mohammad ^a   Costello, Ruth ^a   Lunt, Mark ^a   Pye, Stephen Richard ^a   Sergeant, Jamie Christopher ^a,b   Dixon, William Gregory ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Glucocorticoids; Mortality; Rheumatoid arthritis; Steroids

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CYCLOSPORIN; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; LEFLUNOMIDE; METHOTREXATE; PENICILLAMINE; PREDNISOLONE; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; GLUCOCORTICOID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CANCER MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CANCER; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG FATALITY; ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HUMAN; INJURY; INTOXICATION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; PRESCRIPTION; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; RESPIRATORY TRACT CANCER; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; UROGENITAL TRACT DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; FEMALE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREDNISOLONE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84973120147     PISSN: 03932990     EISSN: 15737284     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0167-1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Carmona L, Cross M, Williams B, Lassere M, March L. Rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2010;24(6):733–45. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2010.10.001.
2. Neovius M, Simard JF, Askling J, Group As. Nationwide prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and penetration of disease-modifying drugs in Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(4):624–9. doi:10.1136/ard.2010.133371.
3. Symmons D, Turner G, Webb R, Asten P, Barrett E, Lunt M, et al. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United Kingdom: new estimates for a new century. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41(7):793–800.
4. Hench PS, Kendall EC, Slocumb CH, Polley HF. Effects of cortisone acetate and pituitary ACTH on rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever and certain other conditions—a study in clinical physiology. Arch Intern Med. 1950;85(4):545–666.
5. Caplan L, Wolfe F, Russell AS, Michaud K. Corticosteroid use in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence, predictors, correlates, and outcomes. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(4):696–705.
6. Kirwan JR, Bijlsma JW, Boers M, Shea BJ. Effects of glucocorticoids on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;1:CD006356.
7. Davis JM 3rd, Maradit Kremers H, Crowson CS, Nicola PJ, Ballman KV, Therneau TM, et al. Glucocorticoids and cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(3):820–30. doi:10.1002/art.22418.
8. Dessein PH, Joffe BI, Stanwix AE, Christian BF, Veller M. Glucocorticoids and insulin sensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(5):867–74.
9. Dixon WG, Abrahamowicz M, Beauchamp ME, Ray DW, Bernatsky S, Suissa S, et al. Immediate and delayed impact of oral glucocorticoid therapy on risk of serious infection in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200702.
10. Van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Abenhaim L, Zhang B, Cooper C. Oral corticosteroids and fracture risk: relationship to daily and cumulative doses. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39(12):1383–9.
11. Miller DP, Watkins SE, Sampson T, Davis KJ. Long-term use of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-dose combination and incidence of cataracts and glaucoma among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the UK General Practice Research Database. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2011;6:467–76. doi:10.2147/COPD.S14247.
12. del Rincon I, Battafarano DF, Restrepo JF, Erikson JM, Escalante A. Glucocorticoid dose thresholds associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(2):264–72. doi:10.1002/art.38210.
13. Listing J, Kekow J, Manger B, Burmester GR, Pattloch D, Zink A, et al. Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of disease activity, treatment with glucocorticoids, TNFalpha inhibitors and rituximab. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(2):415–21. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204021.
14. Sihvonen S, Korpela M, Mustonen J, Huhtala H, Karstila K, Pasternack A. Mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low-dose oral glucocorticoids. A population-based cohort study. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(9):1740–6.
15. Wolfe F, Mitchell DM, Sibley JT, Fries JF, Bloch DA, Williams CA, et al. The mortality of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37(4):481–94.
16. Wallberg-Jonsson S, Ohman ML, Dahlqvist SR. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden. J Rheumatol. 1997;24(3):445–51.
17. Leigh JP, Fries JF. Mortality predictors among 263 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1991;18(9):1307–12.
18. Corbett M, Dalton S, Young A, Silman A, Shipley M. Factors predicting death, survival and functional outcome in a prospective study of early rheumatoid disease over fifteen years. Br J Rheumatol. 1993;32(8):717–23.
19. Mitchell DM, Spitz PW, Young DY, Bloch DA, McShane DJ, Fries JF. Survival, prognosis, and causes of death in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1986;29(6):706–14.
20. Allebeck P, Rodvall Y, Allander E. Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, particularly as regards drug use. Scand J Rheumatol. 1985;14(2):102–8.
21. CPRD. http//www.cprd.com. Last accessed Oct 2014.
22. Tate AR, Beloff N, Al-Radwan B, Wickson J, Puri S, Williams T, et al. Exploiting the potential of large databases of electronic health records for research using rapid search algorithms and an intuitive query interface. JAMIA. 2014;21(2):292–8. doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001847.
23. Herrett E, Thomas SL, Schoonen WM, Smeeth L, Hall AJ. Validation and validity of diagnoses in the General Practice Research Database: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;69(1):4–14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03537.x.
24. Thomas SL, Edwards CJ, Smeeth L, Cooper C, Hall AJ. How accurate are diagnoses for rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the general practice research database? Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(9):1314–21.
25. Khan NF, Perera R, Harper S, Rose PW. Adaptation and validation of the Charlson Index for Read/OXMIS coded databases. BMC Fam Pract. 2010;11:1. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-11-1.
26. Cox D. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc [SerB]. 1972;34(2):187–220.
27. Fine J, Gray R. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of competing riska in survival analysis. J Am Stat Assoc. 1999;94:496–509.
28. Tamim H, Monfared AA, LeLorier J. Application of lag-time into exposure definitions to control for protopathic bias. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16(3):250–8. doi:10.1002/pds.1360.
29. Schneeweiss S. Sensitivity analysis and external adjustment for unmeasured confounders in epidemiologic database studies of therapeutics. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2006;15(5):291–303. doi:10.1002/pds.1200.
30. Psaty BM, Koepsell TD, Lin D, Weiss NS, Siscovick DS, Rosendaal FR, et al. Assessment and control for confounding by indication in observational studies. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47(6):749–54.
31. McKay L, Cidlowski JA. Corticosteriods in the treatment of neoplasms. Cancer Medicine. Hamilton, ON: BC Decker; 2003.
32. Humphreys JH, Warner A, Chipping J, Marshall T, Lunt M, Symmons DP, et al. Mortality trends in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis over 20 years: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register. Arthritis Care Res. 2014;66(9):1296–301. doi:10.1002/acr.22296.
33. Pincus T, Sokka T, Stein CM. Are long-term very low doses of prednisone for patients with rheumatoid arthritis as helpful as high doses are harmful? Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(1):76–8.
34. Lunt M, Watson KD, Dixon WG, British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register Control Centre C, Symmons DP, Hyrich KL, et al. No evidence of association between anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(11):3145–53. doi:10.1002/art.27660.
35. Baecklund E, Iliadou A, Askling J, Ekbom A, Backlin C, Granath F, et al. Association of chronic inflammation, not its treatment, with increased lymphoma risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(3):692–701. doi:10.1002/art.21675.