Bald'S Leechbook: Its sources and their use in its compilation

Anglo-Saxon England

Volumn 12, Issue , 1983, Pages 153-182

  Cameron, M L ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84972477366     PISSN: 02636751     EISSN: 14740532     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0263675100003392     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. N. R. Ker, Catalogue of Manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxon (Oxford, 1957), pp. 332-3.
2. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, xxv-xxix.
3. Leechdoms. II, xxv-xxvi, and marginal notes throughout.
4. C. H. Talbot, ‘Some Notes on Anglo-Saxon Medicine’, Medical Hist. 9 (1965), 156-69.
5. M. L. Cameron, ‘The Sources of Medical Knowledge in Anglo-Saxon England’, ASE II (1985). 135-55.
6. Oeuvres d'Oribase, ed. U. C. Bussemaker and C. Daremberg, 6 vols. (Paris, 1856-76); the Greek and Latin texts of the Synopsis and Euporistes are in vols. v and VI, the latter ed. A. Molinier.
7. Marcelli De Medicamentis Liber, ed. M. Niedermann, rev. E. Liechtenhan, 2 vols. Corpus Medicorum Latinorum 5 (Berlin, 1968).
8. Oeuvres, ed. Bussemaker and Daremberg v, 919.
9. On the ‘old’ and ‘new’ translations of the Synopsis and Euporistes see H. Morland, Die lateinischen Oribasiusubersetungen, Symbolae Osloenses, Supplement 5 (Oslo, 1952); and Oribasius Latinus (Erster Teil), Symbolae Osloenses, Supplement 10 (Oslo, 1940).
10. See above, n. 13. Morland showed that the differences in language of the two translations, previously supposed to be indicative of earlier and later Latin usages, were instead contemporary usages of southern and northern Italian schools, and that both translations could be assigned to the late sixth or early seventh Century.
11. Oeuvres, ed. Bussemaker and Daremberg VI, 40.
12. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 30-2: ‘The eyes of an old man are dimsighted. Then he is to arouse his eyes with rubbings, with Walkings, with ridings, either when he is carried or taken in a carriage; and they are to use foods sparingly and timidly [?] and comb their heads and drink wormwood before taking food.’
13. Nachträge, ed. Puschmann, pp. 76-8.
14. T. N. Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Supplement (Oxford, 1921), P. 127 (s.v. clate).
15. J. Bosworth and T. N. Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (Oxford, 1898), p. 832 (s.v. scillibt).
16. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 254.
17. Practica Alexandri II. 108 (see above, n.8).
18. Marcelli De Medicamentis Liber, ed. Niedermann I, 78.
19. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne n, 20: ‘For ache of half the head: laurel Clusters, crush in vinegar with oil, smear the temple with it.’
20. Marcelli De Medicamentis Liber, ed. Niedermann I, 68.
21. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 20: ‘For headache, take dill flowers, cook in oil, smear the temples with it.’
22. Physica Plinii, ed. Önnerfors, pp. 114-15.
23. See below, pp. 180-I.
24. Medicina Plinii, ed. Önnerfors, p. 86.
25. Theodori Prisciani Euporiston Libri III cum Physicorum Fragmento et Additamentis Pseudo-Theodoris, accedunt Vindicani Afri quae feruntur Reliquiae, ed. V. Rose (Leipzig, 1874).
26. Theodori Prisciani Euporiston Libri III cum Physicorum Fragmento et Additamentis Pseudo-Theodoris, accedunt Vindicani Afri quae feruntur Reliquiae. pp. 474-475; Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 198.
27. Theodori Prisciani Euporiston Libri III cum Physicorum Fragmento et Additamentis Pseudo-Theodoris, accedunt Vindicani Afri quae feruntur Reliquiae. pp. 475-476; Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 242.
28. See, e.g. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 186, where the first recipe of ch. viii is similar to Theodori Prisciani, ed. Rose, p. 326, lines 1-3; likewise, the first recipe of ch. xi (Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 186) is similar to Theodori Prisciani, p. 326, lines 6-8.
29. See K. Sudhoff, ‘Codex Medicus Hertensis (Nr. 192)’, Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin 10 (1917), 265-313; the Old English text is ptd Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne I, I-373.
30. Passionarius Galeni: Galeni Pergameni Passionarius a Dactis Medicis Multum Desideratus, etc. (Lyons, 1526).
31. The first part of the Petrocellus has been edited by S. De Renzi, Collectio Salernitana, 5 vols. (Naples, 1865) IV, 185-281. For the second part, of which De Renzi gave only a couple of chapters, I have used London, British Library, Sloane 2839, and, on the basis of it, corrected where necessary De Renzi's text, which was taken from a very poor manuscript.
32. The manuscript Cambridge, Peterhouse 251 (St Augustine's, Canterbury, s. xiex) contains good texts of the Liber Aurelii (167v-86r) and Liber Esculapii (186r-91v). The manuscript is listed H. Gneuss, ‘A Preliminary List of Manuscripts Written or Owned in England up to 1100’, ASE 9 (1981), I-60, at 13.
33. Peterhouse 251 also contains GaleniadGlauconem Medendi Liber I (129V-42.V), Ad Glauconem Liber II (142V-581:) and Liber Tertius (158V-67V).
34. Caelius Aurelianus was a fifth-century writer whose massive works were epitomized into the much smaller Aurelius and Esculapius; see Cameron, ‘Sources’, p. 141.
35. For differing views on the origin of Petrocellus see De Renzi, Collectio IV, 185; and Talbot, ‘Notes’, p. 168.
36. Cassii Felicis De Medicina ex Craecis Logicae Sectae Auctoribus Liber Translatus, ed. V. Rose (Leipzig, 1879); see Cameron, ‘Sources’, p. 141.
37. See also Talbot, ‘Notes’, p. 168.
38. See above, n. 38.
39. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 202: ‘Take goat's milk still warm freshly milked, give to drink. Prepare also as a potion an adder worked as physicians know how.’
40. Talbot, ‘Notes’, p. 163.
41. Peterhouse 251, 149V.
42. Glossae Medicinales, ed. J. L. Heiberg, Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Hist.-filol. Meddelelser 9.I (Copenhagen, 1924), 86.
43. See above, n. 38; cf. Talbot, ‘Notes’, p. 163.
44. Peterhouse 251, 148v-9r.
45. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 290: ‘Lord Elias, patriarch of Jerusalem, directed that all this be told to King Alfred.’
46. Complete Information about these manuscripts and their relation to the Leechbook may be found in R. Torkar, ‘Zu den ae. Medizinaltexten in Otho B. XI und Royal 12 D. XVII. Mit einer Edition der Unica (Ker, No. 180 art. IIa-d)’, Anglia 94 (1976), 519-38; see also Ker, Catalogue, pp. 250-4.
47. London, British Library, Add. 43703, 262V16-24.
48. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne I, 134-6.
49. Marcelli De Medicamentis Liber, ed. Niedermann I, 136.
50. Physica Plinii, ed. Önnerfors, p. 42.
51. B. Schaumann and A. Cameron, ‘A Newly-Found Leaf of Old English from Louvain’, Anglia 95 (1977), 289-312; see also N. R. Ker, ‘A Supplement to Catalogue of Manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxori’, ASE 5 (1976), 121-31, at 128 (no. 417).
52. Schaumann and Cameron, ‘Newly-Found Leaf’, p. 301.
53. Schaumann and Cameron, ‘Newly-Found Leaf, pp. 292-3. (Letters in parentheses in the last lines replace those lost where a corner of the leaf was cut off.)
54. The relationship of the various surviving medical recipes in Old English is discussed fully in an article by A. L. Meaney, in ASE 13 (forthcoming).
55. Marcelli De Medicamentis Liber, ed. Niedermann I, 246-68.
56. Medicina Plinii, ed. Önnerfors, pp. 24-5.
57. Talbot,’Notes’, pp. 157-67.
58. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 8: ‘Many and excellent Medicines for a body become livid and mortified, and whence the disease comes, and how it should be treated if the body is so far mortified that there is no feeling in it, and how the dead blood should be drawn off; and if a man's limb should be amputated or cauterized how that should be done; pottages and potions and salves for the disease.’
59. See Celsus, De Medicina, ed. W. G. Spence, 3 vols. Loeb Classical Lib. (Cambridge, Mass. 1960-I) III, 589-92.
60. For the chapters in Ad Glauconem Liber II cortesponding to the chapters in the Passionarius, see Peterhouse 251, 133r and 140r.
61. Celsus, De Mediana, ed. Spence II, 102-4.
62. Old English words in the following lists are from passages in the Leechbook for which Latin sources have been found, except where specified otherwise. References in parentheses after entries are to chapters of the Leecbbook as found in Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II.
63. As in the third Leecbbook (Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne III, 338).
64. See above. p. 158.
65. W. Bonser, ‘Anglo-Saxon Medical Nomenclature’, Eng. and German Stud. 4 (1951-2), 13-19.
66. See above, pp. 159-60.
67. See J. H. G. Grattan and C. Singer, Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine illustrated Specially from the Semi-Pagan Text ‘Lacnunga’ (Oxford, 1952), p. 115; see also pp. 103 and III.
68. Pliny, Natural History, 10 vols. Loeb Classical Lib. (Cambridge, Mass. 1938-62) IV, 102 (=xv.3o); C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historia Libri XXXV11, ed. K. Mayhoff and L. Jan, 3 vols. (Leipzig, 1875-1906) II, 545.
69. Grattan and Singer, Anglo-Saxon Magic, pp. 80-91.
70. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne II, 290.
71. Alexander Tralles, ed. T. Puschmann, 2 vols. (Vienna, 1879) II, 2-69.
72. Leechdoms ed. Cockayne, II, 196-216.
73. See, for instance, Leechbook II.xxi (Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne n, 204-6), where the Symptoms described - cirrhosis, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal rigidity - fit well with liver fluke infection.
74. Any good text on clinical parasitology will supply further information on these infections. See, e.g. E. C. Faust, P. F. Russell and D. R. Lincicome, Craig and Faust's Clinical Parasitology (Philadelphia, 1957); epidemiology and symptomatology of human infection with the sheep liver fluke are discussed on pp. 56-62.
75. W. MacArthur, ‘A Brief Story of English Malaria’, British Medical Bull. I (1951), 76-79.
76. Faust, Russell and Lincicome, Craig and Faust ‘s Clinical Parasitology, pp. 202-5 and 212-13.
77. The charms are listed and discussed with references in Wright, Bald's Leechbook, pp. 15-16; one might compare the large number of charms in the Lacnunga (see above, n. 87).
78. Alexander von Trolles, ed. Puschmann II, 319 and 475.
79. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne n, 44-8. Cockayne's division of this chapter into six sections has been followed here.
80. Marcelli De Medicamentis Liber, ed. Niedermann I, 256.
81. Pedanii Dioscuridis Anazarbei De Materia Medica Libri Quinque, ed. M. Wellmann, 3 vols. (Berlin, 1980) II, 74.
82. Claudii Galeni Opera Omnia, ed. C. G. Kühn, 20 vols. (Leipzig, 1826) xii, 36.
83. Marcelli De Medicamentis Liber, ed. Niedermann I, 254-5.
84. London, British Library, Sloane 2855, 22r-4r; found also as eh. 34 in De Renzi, Collectio IV, 212-14, in a text so corrupt as not to be useful for our purposes.
85. Oeuvres, ed. Bussemaker and Daremberg VI, 593.
86. Physica Plinii, ed. Önnerfors, p. 64.
87. Marcelli De Medicamentis Liber, ed. Niedermann I, 254.
88. Oeuvres, ed. Bussemaker and Daremberg V, 883.
89. Mediana Plinii, ed. Önnerfors, p. 25.
90. Pliny, Natural History, Loeb Classical Lib. VI, 32.
91. Marcelli De Medicamtneis Liber, ed. Niedermann I, 238.
92. See above, n. 9.