Local Government in Portuguese America: A Study in Cultural Divergence

Comparative Studies in Society and History

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 1974, Pages 187-231

  Russell Wood, A J R ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84972273919     PISSN: 00104175     EISSN: 14752999     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0010417500007465     Document Type: Article

References (317)

1. Recent studies of cultural divergence in the Americas include R. C. Harris, The seigneurial system in Canada. A geographical study (Madison and Quebec, 1966);
2. J. M. Lockhart, Spanish Peru, 1532-1560. A colonial society (Madison, 1968);
3. S. C. Powell, Puritan village; the formation of a New England town (Middletown, 1963);
4. A. J. R. Russell-Wood, Fidalgos and Philanthropists. The Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550-1755 (Berkeley and London, 1968).
5. The only study in English of the Portuguese Senado is C. R. Boxer, Portuguese society in the tropics. The municipal councils of Goa, Macao, Bahia, and Luanda, 1510-1800 (Madison, 1965).
6. A. Gunder Frank's thesis, ‘Goal ambiguity and conflicting standards: an approach to the study of organization’, Human Organization, vol. 17, no 4 (Winter, 1958-59), pp. 8-13
7. has been applied to the Spanish empire by J. L. Phelan, ‘Authority and flexibility in the Spanish imperial bureaucracy’, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 5 (June, 1960), pp. 47-65.
8. The opening up of the interior of Brazil in the colonial period is described in J. Capistrano de Abreu, Caminhos antigas e povoamento do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro, 1930);
9. Basilio de Magalhães, Expansão geographica do Brasil colonial (2nd. ed., São Paulo, 1935)
10. and Caio Prado Júnior, The colonial background of modern Brazil (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969).
11. 'Secretaria do govêrno' is contained in the Revista do Archivo Público Mineiro, ano 12 (Belo Horizonte, 1908), pp. 745-56.
12. The Revista, vols. 1-25 (1896-1937)
13. Indice geral da Revista do Archivo Público Mineiro, vols. 1-18 (1896-1913) organizado por Theophilo Feu de Carvalho (Belo Horizonte, 1914)
14. M. Cardozo, ‘The Brazilian gold rush’, The Americas, vol. 3 (October, 1946), pp. 137-60;
15. C. R. Boxer, The golden age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Growing pains of a colonial society (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1962), pp. 30-60.
16. see A. J. R. Russell-Wood, Fidalgos and Philanthropists, pp. 67-8, 70, 78, 111.
17. The classic study of the bandeirantes is Affonso de E. Taunay, História geral das bandeiras paulistas (vols. 1-11, São Paulo 1924-50)
18. and Relatos senanistas (São Paulo, 1953).
19. See also R. M. Morse, ed. The bandeirantes: The historical role of the Brazilian pathfinders (New York, 1965).
20. On the change of name see C. R. Boxer, The golden age, p. 162
21. see Moema Miranda de Siqueira, ‘Mudança da capital de Minas: urna questão ideológica’, Revista brasileira de estudos politicos, no. 33 (January, 1972), pp. 89-101.
22. On this era see Caetano da Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, ff. 44r-48r, 64r-66r;
23. C. R. Boxer, The golden age, pp. 30-60;
24. P. Calogeras, As minas do Brasil e sua legislação (3 vols., Rio de Janeiro, 1904-5), vol. 1, pp. 44-75;
25. André João Antonil, Cultura e opulēncia do Brasil por suas drogas e minas (ed., Andrée Mansuy, Paris, 1968), 3a parte;
26. M. S. Cardozo, ‘The collection of the fifths in Brazil, 1695-1709’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 20 (August, 1940), no. 3, pp. 359-79.
27. M. Cardozo, ‘The Guerra dos Emboabas: Civil war in Minas Gerais, 1708-1709’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 22 (1942), pp. 470-92;
28. C. R. Boxer, The golden age, pp. 61-83;
29. (henceforth abbreviated to APMSG), vol. 7, ff. 1r-32v.
30. APMSG, vol. 7, ff. 42v-43r, 52v-53r.
31. Decree of January 22, 1711, APMSG, vol. 7, f. 73v.
32. inter alia. Some sesmarias are copied in Revista do Arguivo Público Mineiro, ano 10, fase. 3-4 (Belo Horizonte, 1906), pp. 899-979.
33. For the appointments see APMSG 7, ff. 42r-v, 105v.
34. See Boxer and Antonil, APMSG
35. to which may be added M. Goulart, Escravidão africana no Brasil (São Paulo, 1949), pp. 134-6.
36. APMSG, vol. 7, ff. 84r, 86v-87r, 104r, 115r-v, 115v-116r, 118v-119r, 122r-v, 123v.
37. The edict prohibiting firearms was dated São Paulo, July 18, 1710
38. and extended to Minas Gérais on December 1, 1710, APMSG, São Paulo, ff. 8r, 37v;
39. for other examples see Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro, vol. 7, pp. 276-7
40. and APMSG, vol. 11, ff. 268r, 279r-80r;
41. A. J. R. Russell-Wood, ‘Class, creed and colour in colonial Bahia: a study in prejudice’, Race, vol. 9 (October, 1967), no. 2, p. 151.
42. APMSG, vol. 7, ff. 38r, 40v, 62r-v.
43. Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, f. 47r.
44. see Francisco de Assis Carvalho Franco, Dicionário de bandeirantes e sertanistas do Brasil (São Paulo, 1954), p. 176.
45. On Crown policy, consult Caio Prado Júnior, Evolução politica do Brasil e outros estados (São Paulo, 1963), pp. 27-30;
46. A. J. R. Russell-Wood, Fidalgos, p. 244;
47. C. R. Boxer, The golden age, pp. 147-8;
48. Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, ff. 37v, 48v-49r, 69r;
49. Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme, Infor mação sobre as minas de São Paulo (São Paulo-Rio de Janeiro, s/d), pp. 152-3.
50. General histories of these foundations are Augusto de Lima Júnior, As primeiras vilas do ouro (Belo Horizonte, 1962)
51. and A Capitania das Minas Gerais (Origens e formação) (3rd. ed., Belo Horizonte, 1965).
52. A documented history of Vila Rica has yet to be written, but the following may be consulted: Augusto de Lima Júnior, Vila Rica do Ouro Prêto: Sintese histórica e descritiva (Belo Horizonte, 1957).
53. Francisco António Lopes, Os palácios de Vila Rica: Ouro Prêto no ciclo do ouro (Belo Horizonte, 1955)
54. Henrique Barbosa da Silva Cabral, Ouro Prêto (Belo Horizonte, 1969)
55. and Sylvio de Vasconcellos, Vila Rica: Formação e desenvolvimento-residências (Rio de Janeiro, 1956)
56. and C. R. Boxer, The golden age, pp. 162-203.
57. Information on other municipal foundations in Minas Gerais is contained in Revista do Arguivo Público Mineiro, ano 2, fac. 1 (1897), pp. 81-107
58. and ano. 1, fac. 2 (1896), pp. 347-72.
59. Ribeirão, APMSG, 7, ff. 74v-75r, 79r, 86r;
60. Vila Rica, ff. 108r, 108r-v, 121v-122r;
61. Sabará, ff. 52r, 59r-v, 65v, 66Ar, 67r, 70v.
62. Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, ff. 37v, 69r.
63. the first register of council meetings (1711-15) is published in Annaes da Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, vol. 49 (1927)
64. (Rio de Janeiro, 1936), pp. 199-391
65. (APMCMOP, vol. 4, 1716-1721)
66. in Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro, ano 25, 2° vol., July 1937
67. (Belo Horizonte, 1938), pp. 3-166.
68. Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, f. 49r-v.
69. Captain Felix de Gusman Mendonça e Bueno, ‘sendo da principal nobreza’ of Rio de Janeiro, served as councillor in 1711, APMSG, vol. 7, f. 35v;
70. Anais da Biblioteca Nacional, vol. 49, p. 203.
71. Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, f. 37v.
72. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 29v, 30r-v.
73. APMSG, vol. 23, ff. 105v, 107r;
74. Anais da Biblioteca Nacional, vol. 49, p. 287;
75. APMCMOP, vol. 13, f. 35r.
76. A. J. R. Russell-Wood, chapter on ‘Colonial Brazil’ in J. P. Greene and D. Cohen, eds., Neither Slave nor Free: The Freedmen of African Descent in the Slave Societies of the New World (Baltimore, 1972), p. 112.
77. On perquisites see APMCMOP, vol. 13, ff. 91v-92r, vol. 28, if. 23v-24r;
78. APMSG, vol. 81, doc. 79 and accompanying docs.;
79. APMCMOP, vol. 63, ff. 136v-137v.
80. APMCMOP, vol. 9, ff. 24v-25r, 28r-v, 34r-35r, 46r-47r, 64r-v, 66v-67r;
81. AMPSG, vol 35, doc. 100.
82. APMCMOP, vol. 6, f. 10v-11r;
83. inter alia. APMSG, vol. 5, ff. 150r-151v;
84. APMCMOP, vol. 77, ff. 228r-229v, 'conspiração de estranhos e menos nobres'
85. APMSG, vol. 7, ff. 120r-v;
86. APMCMOP, vol 4, ff. 17v, 52v.
87. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 76v-77r;
88. APMSG, vol. 11, ff. 126v-127r;
89. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 38r-v, 145v-146r;
90. APMCMOP, vol. 13, ff. 43r-v, 50r;
91. see CMOP, vol. 28, ff. 151r-v, 169r-171r, 137r-138r;
92. APMSG, vol. 81, doc. 61.
93. APMCMOP, vol. 39, f. 74v-76r;
94. D. Alden, Royal government in colonial Brazil, with special reference to the administration of the Marquis of Lavradio, 1769-1779 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968), pp. 29-44
95. see A. J. R. Russell-Wood, ‘Colonial Brazil’, pp. 117-18
96. and Fritz Teixeira de Salles, Associações religiosas no ciclo do ouro (Belo Horizonte, 1963).
97. see C. R. Boxer, The golden age, pp. 162-203;
98. the influx of slaves is described in M. Goulart, Escravidão africana, pp. 139-71.
99. The basic studies of the rise and fall in gold production are still P. Calogeras, As minas do Brasil, vol. 1, pp. 5-263
100. and R. Simonsen, História econômica do Brasil (1500/1820) (4th ed., São Paulo, 1962), pp. 247-301;
101. cf. Caio Prado Júnior, The colonial background, pp. 195-212
102. and História econômica do Brasil (8th ed., São Paulo, 1963), pp. 57-66.
103. Sugar production in Minas Gerais is described in Miguel Costa Filho, A Cana-de-açúcar em Minas Gerais (Rio de Janeiro, 1963).
104. Paulo Krüger Correa Mourão, As igrejas setecentistas de Minas (Belo Horizonte, 1964);
105. José Ferreira Carrato, Igreja, iluminismo, e escolas mineiras coloniais (Notas sôbre a cultura de decadência mineira setecentista) (São Paulo, 1968);
106. Affonso Avila, Residuos seiscentistas em Minas. Textos do século do ouro e as projeçães do mundo barroco (2 vols., Belo Horizonte, 1967);
107. Eduardo Frieiro, O diabo na livraria do Cônego (Belo Horizonte, 1957);
108. E. Bradford Burns, ‘The Enlightenment in Two Colonial Brazilian Libraries’, Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 25 (1964), no. 3, pp. 430-8.
109. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 22r-v, 22v-23r;
110. Francisco António Lopes, Os palácios, pp. 127-8.
111. see J. P. Xavier da Veiga, A revolta de 1720 em Vila Rica: Discurso historico-politico (Ouro Prêto, 1898).
112. M. Ellis, 'Contribuição ao estudo do abastecimento das zonas mineradoras do Brasil no século XVIII), Revista de historia, vol. 36 (São Paulo, 1958), pp. 429-67;
113. M. P. Zemella, O abastecimento da Capitania das Minas Gerais no século XVIII (São Paulo, 1951).
114. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 109v-110r;
115. Myriam Ellis, O monopólio do sal no Estado do Brasil, 1631-1801 (São Paulo, 1955).
116. A. J. R. Russell-Wood, ‘Colonial Brazil’, pp. 86-7.
117. APMCMOP, vol. 6, ff. 42r, 183v-190v;
118. APMSG, vol. 37, ff. 36v-37r.
119. A. J. R. Russell-Wood, ‘Colonial Brazil’, p. 87.
120. APMCMOP, vol. 77, ff. 6v-7r;
121. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 54v, 43r-44v;
122. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 83r, 83v.
123. APMSG, vol. 35, doc. 139;
124. APMCMOP, vol. 7, ff. 183r-187r;
125. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 110v-111r;
126. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 22r-v, 22v-23r, 113v-114r, 114v, 123r, 125r-126v.
127. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 1r-v, 18v-19r, 25r-v, 43v-45r, 76v, 110r, 135v;
128. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 28v-29r, 30r, 31v-32r;
129. APMCMOP, vol. 9, f. 44r-v.
130. CMOP, vol. 9, f. 14v;
131. (APMSG, vol. 86, docs. 13, 15).
132. APMCMOP, vol. 9, f. 14r-v;
133. APMCMOP, vol. 9, ff. 1v, 5v-6v, 4v;
134. APMSG, vol. 5, doc. 133.
135. APMCMOP, vol. 9, ff. 16v-17r, 51v-52v;
136. APMSG, vol. 27, f. 42r-v;
137. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 115v-116r, 51r, 71v-2r, 75r-v, 115v-117r, 120v-122r;
138. APMSG, vol. 4, f. 207v;
139. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 9r-11r, 13r-v;
140. Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, ff. 38r-39r.
141. C. R. Boxer, The golden age, pp. 191-2;
142. Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, ff. 49v-50v.
143. APMCMOP, vol. 4, 4, ff. 136r-v, 141v-42r, 143r;
144. APMCMOP, vol. 39, ff. 38r-v, 97r-98r, 100v-101v;
145. APMSG, vol. 32, f. 4r.
146. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 47r-48r, 49r-v;
147. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 54r-55v;
148. APMSG, vol. 29, doc. 55;
149. CMOP, vol. 65, ff. 283v-288v;
150. APMCMOP, vol. 52, ff. 81v-82r.
151. APMCMOP, vol. 120, ff. 22v-23r, 61v-62r, 101r, 154v-155r, 190r-v;
152. CMOP, vol. 124, ff. 7r-8v.
153. APMCMOP, vol. 7, f. 6r-v.
154. APMCMOP, vol. 4, f. 114r;
155. APMSG, vol. 21, ff. 68r-69r;
156. Royal letters of February 1, 1726 and April 29, 1727, APMSG, vol. 5, ff. 117v, 123r-v;
157. APMCMOP, vol. 9, f. 4r.
158. Royal resolution with the Overseas Council of December 10, 1748, communicated to Gomes Freiré de Andrada, December 5, 1750, APMSG, vol. 19, doc. 2.
159. APMCMOP, vol. 9, ff. 9v-10v;
160. APMSG, vol. 32, ff. 78v-79v;
161. APMCMOP, vol. 6, ff. 145r-146v;
162. see C. R. Boxer, Portuguese society pp. 74-5, 113.
163. Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, ff. 70r, 146r;
164. APMSG, vol. 29, docs. 34, 73 and accompanying docs., 89, 96, 132;
165. APMSG, vol. 29, doc. 133;
166. APMCMOP, vol. 7, ff. 90r-v;
167. APMCMOP, vol. 52, ff. 3v-4r.
168. APMCMOP, vol. 54, ff. 179v-180r.
169. (Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, f. 71r).
170. APMCMOP, vol. 4, f. 62r-v.
171. APMCMOP, vol. 9, f. 2v;
172. (APMSG, vol. 29, doc. 1)
173. (APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 44v-45v).
174. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 43r-48r;
175. APMSG, vol. 10, f. 5r;
176. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 104r, 118v;
177. APMCMOP, vol. 77, ff. 7r-9r
178. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 126v-127r, 128r, 181v-182r-v;
179. APMCMOP, vol. 14, ff. 51v-52r;
180. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 15r-v;
181. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 144v-145v;
182. APMCMOP vol. 4, f. 144r-v;
183. APMSG, vol. 63, doc. 109;
184. (Costa Matoso, ‘Colesam’, f. 157r-v).
185. APMCMOP, vol. 52, ff. 97r-98v;
186. APMCMOP, vol. 4, f. 179v;
187. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 179v
188. APMCMOP, vol. 36, ff. 17r-18r;
189. (APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 105v-106r);
190. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 43v-44v.
191. APMCMOP, vol. 49, ff. 18r-19r
192. APMCMOP, vol. 120, ff. 148v-149r.
193. APMCMOP, vol. 7, ff. 85v-86r;
194. Francisco António Lopes, Os palácios, pp. 111-13.
195. APMCMOP, vol. 14, ff. 22r-23v;
196. APMCMOP, vol. 13, ff. 70v-71r;
197. APMSG, vol. 55, ff. 188r-189r;
198. APMCMOP, vol. 69, ff. 139v-140v, 181r-182v.
199. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 74v, 148v-149v;
200. APMCMOP, vol. 32, ff. 25v-28r, 132r-v, 173v-174r;
201. Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro, ano XX (1924) (Belo Horizonte, 1926), pp. 339-52.
202. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 77r-78r, 91r-96r, 118r-v, 172v-173r;
203. see Francisco António Lopes, Os palácios
204. and Sylvio de Vasconcellos, Vila Rica.
205. (APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 61v-62r, 77r, 96v, 105r).
206. APMCMOP, vol. 7, ff. 34r-v, 47v;
207. APMSG, vol. 81, doc. 61.
208. APMCMOP, vol. 4, f. 73r;
209. APMCMOP, vol. 137, ff. 257v-258r, 268r-v.
210. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 137r-138r;
211. Francisco António Lopes, Os palácios, pp. 187-90;
212. A. J. R. Russell-Wood, A craftsman of the golden age of Brazil: Manuel Francisco Lisboa (Belo Horizonte, 1968), pp. 29-35.
213. APMCMOP, vol. 50, ff. 185v-186r;
214. APMSG, vol. 23, ff. 6r-v, 101 r-v.
215. Feu de Carvalho, ‘Instrucção pública. Primeiras aulas e escolas de Minas Gerais, 1721-1860’, Revistado Arquivo Público Mineiro, ano 24 (1933), vol. 1, pp. 345-91;
216. José Ferreira Carraio, Igreja, pp. 96-102.
217. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 4r-v, 15v-16v;
218. APMCMOP, vol. 137, ff. 113v-114v.
219. APMCMOP, vol. 7, ff. 130v-1r, 133v-8v;
220. APMSG, vol. 55, ff. 94v-95v;
221. APMCMOP, vol. 13, ff. 6v-7r, 51r-v.
222. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 34v-5r, 43r-v, 1v-2r.
223. APMCMOP, vol. 13, ff. 91v-92r.
224. APMCMOP, vol. 13, f. 14v;
225. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 171v-72v;
226. A. J. R. Russell-Wood, Fidalgos, pp. 266-7.
227. APMCMOP, vol. 4, f. 72v;
228. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 2v-3r.
229. APMCMOP, vol. 32, ff. 47r-v;
230. APMCMOP, vol. 49, ff. 12v-13r, 34r-v;
231. APMCMOP, vol. 6, ff. 60v-62r;
232. APMSG, vol. 62, f. 108v;
233. APMSG, vol. 7, ff. 40v-41r;
234. CMOP, vol. 39, ff. 129v-130r.
235. C. R. Boxer, Portuguese Society, pp. 76-7, 179, 181.
236. Francisco Curt Lange, ‘As danças coletivas públicas no período colonial brasileiro e as danças das corporações de oficios em Minas Gerais’, Barroco (Belo Horizonte, 1969), vol. 1, pp. 15-62.
237. APMCMOP, vol. 32, ff. 42r-v;
238. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 113v-114r, 116v-117v;
239. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 20v-22r, 45v-47r;
240. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 119r-120r.
241. APMCMOP, vol. 13, ff. 33r-34r, 38r-v, 39r-v;
242. APMCMOP, vol. 69, ff. 331r-332v;
243. APMCMOP, vol. 107, ff. 92v-93r;
244. APMCMOP, vol. 114, ff. 54v-55r, 73r-v.
245. APMCMOP, vol. 28, f. 133r-v;
246. APMCMOP, vol. 43, ff. 86v-87v;
247. APMSG, vol. 5, ff. 15r, 102v, 120r-v;
248. APMSG, vol. 28, ff. 63v-64r;
249. APMCMOP, vol. 49, f. 32r-v.
250. APMCMOP, vol. 9, ff. 31r-32v, 38v-40r, 45r-v.
251. APMCMOP, vol. 7, ff. 22v-23r;
252. (APMCMOP, vol. 9, f. 16r)
253. (APMCMOP, vol. 112, ff. 76r-v, 77r-79r, 104r-v).
254. (CMOP, vol. 32, ff. 120r-122r)
255. APMCMOP, vol. 6, ff. 170v-172r.
256. APMCMOP, vol. 32, ff. 153r-v, 169v-170v;
257. APMCMOP, vol. 39, ff. 34v-35r, 37v-38v, 45r-46r.
258. APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 22r-23r;
259. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 168v-169v, 179v (loose folios)
260. APMCMOP, vol. 33, ff. 70v-72v, 76v-77v;
261. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 171v-172v (loose), 110v-l 1 1r;
262. APMSG, vol. 7, ff. 40v-41r, 75v, 83v;
263. APMCMOP, vol. 4, ff. 138r-v;
264. APMSG, vol. 81, doc. 79.
265. (APMCMOP, vol. 54, ff. 1v-2v;
266. APMCMOP, vol. 32, ff. 120r-122r.
267. APMCMOP, vol. 32, f. 153r-v.
268. APMCMOP, vol. 33, ff. 11v-12v;
269. APMCMOP, vol. 32, f. 163-r-v;
270. APMCMOP, vol. 7, ff. 127r-8v;
271. APMSG, vol. 32, ff. 4r, 63v-64v.
272. APMCMOP, vol. 43, ff. 110v-112r.
273. APMSG, vol. 18, f. 27r.
274. APMCMOP, vol. 4, f. 104v.
275. APMSG, vol. 81, doc. 58.
276. APMCMOP, vol. 32, ff. 153r-v.
277. Accord of October 31, 1733, APMCMOP, vol. 28, ff. 88v-90r.
278. APMCMOP, vol. 39, ff. 96v-97r.
279. APMSG, vol. 44, ff. 136v-138v.
280. APMCMOP, vol. 42, ff. 80v-81v;
281. APMCMOP, vol. 32, ff. 120r-122r.
282. APMCMOP, vol. 32, ff. 160r-161v.
283. The basic studies of the city council of Bahia are Affonso Ruy, História política e administrativa da cidade do Salvador (Bahia, 1949)
284. and História da Cámara municipal da cidade do Salvador (Bahia, 1953);
285. see also C. R. Boxer, Portuguese society.
286. H. B. Johnson Jr., ‘The donatary captaincy in perspective: Portuguese backgrounds to the settlement of Brazil’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 52, no. 2 (May, 1972), pp. 203-14;
287. R. R. Beeman, ‘Labor Forces and Race Relations: A comparative View of the Colonization of Brazil and Virginia’, Political Science Quarterly, vol. 86, no. 4 (December 1971), pp. 609-36 and sources there quoted.
288. Bertram T. Lee, ed., Libros de cabildos de Lima (vols. 1-20, Lima, 1935-61), vol. 1, pp. 3-19;
289. J. H. Parry, The Spanish seaborne empire (London, 1966), pp. 101-2 and sources cited.
290. P. W. Powell, ‘Presidios and towns on the silver frontier of New Spain, 1550-1580’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 24, no. 2 (1944), pp. 179-200.
291. Sidney and Beatrice Webb, English local government from the revolution to the municipal corporations act: the parish and the county (London, 1906);
292. G. L. Haskins, Law and Authority in Early Massachusetts: A study in tradition and design (New York, 1960);
293. J. Lynch, ‘Intendants and cabildos in the viceroyalty of La Plata, 1782-1810’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 35, no. 3 (1955), pp. 337-62;
294. C. H. Cunningham, ‘The institutional background of Spanish American history’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 1 (1918), pp. 24-39;
295. J. Fisher, ‘The intendant system and the cabildoe of Peru, 1784-1810’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 49, no. 3 (1969), pp. 430-53;
296. H. S. Klein, Slavery in the Americas. A comparative study of Virginia and Cuba (University of Chicago Press, 1967), pp. 1-22;
297. Caio Prado Júnior, The colonial background, pp. 365-74.
298. M. Zuckerman, ‘The social context of democracy in Massachusetts’, The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 4 (October, 1968), pp. 523-44;
299. E. M. Cook, Jr., ‘Social behaviour and changing values in Dedham, Massachusetts’, 1700-75', The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 4 (October, 1970), pp. 546-80;
300. John C. Rainbolt, ‘The alteration in the relationship between leadership and constituents in Virginia, 1660-1720’, The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 27 (July, 1970), no. 3, pp. 411-34;
301. E. M. Cook, Jr., ‘Local leadership and the typology of New England towns, 1700-85’, Political Science Quarterly, vol. 86, no. 4 (December, 1971) pp. 586-608 and sources quoted;
302. J. H. Parry, The Spanish seaborne empire, p. 108;
303. C. R. Boxer, Portuguese society, p. 77
304. and The Portuguese seaborne empire, especially pp. 284-5.
305. R. S. Smith, ‘Sales taxes in New Spain, 1575-1770’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 28, no. 1 (1948), pp. 2-37;
306. John E. Longhurst, ‘Early price lists in Lima and a petition for redress’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 31, no. 1 (1951), pp. 141-5;
307. A. S. Aiton, ‘Early American price fixing legislation’, Michigan Law Review, vol. 25 (1926-7), pp. 15-23;
308. W. W. Pierson Jr., ‘Some reflections on the cabildo as an institution’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 5 (1922), no. 4, pp. 573-96.
309. APMSG, vol. 27, ff. 46v-48r;
310. W. H. Dusenberry, ‘The regulation of meat supply in sixteenth century Mexico City’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 28, no. 1 (1948) pp. 38-52.
311. R. L. Lee, ‘Grain legislation in colonial Mexico, 1575-1585’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 27, no. 4 (1947), pp. 647-60;
312. Alfonso Ruy, História politica e administrativa da cidade do Salvador (Bahia, 1949).
313. R. L. Lee, ‘Grain legislation’, p. 656.
314. Manuel Carrera Stampa, ‘The evolution of weights and measures in New Spain’, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 29 no. 1 (1949), pp. 2-24.
315. K. A. Lockridge and A. Kreider, ‘The Evolution of Massachusetts Town Government, 1640-1740’, The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 4 (October, 1966), pp. 549-74 and sources;
316. the classic study for Spanish America is J. H. Parry, The sale of public office in the Spanish Indies under the Hapsburgs (Ibero-Americana, 37; Berkeley, 1953) especially pp. 33-47;
317. C. R. Boxer, Portuguese society, pp. 78-83, 149.