The ‘crisis of orientation’: The shift of egyptian intellectuals to islamic subjects in the 1930's

International Journal of Middle East Studies

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 1973, Pages 382-410

  Smith, Charles D ^a  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84972048953     PISSN: 00207438     EISSN: 14716380     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0020743800031081     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Safran, Egypt in Search of Political Community (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), p. 140.
2. The intellectuals to Islamic subjects is still Marcel Colombe, L’Evolution De L’Egypte: 1924–1950 (Paris, 1951), ch. 5, and especially pages 146–54.
3. Safran, p. 144.
4. Safran, p. 180.
5. G. E. Von Grunebaum’s discussion of the problem of power in Modern Islam: The Search for Cultural Identity (New York, 1964), pp. 32–3.
6. The reference to Dilthey is derived from Dilthey’s Philosophy of Existence (ed. William Kluback and Martin Weinbaum (New York, 1957), particularly pages 25–30).
7. Gerhard Masur, Prophets of Yesterday: Studies in European Culture, 1890–1914 (New York, 1966), pp. 159–72.
8. Mention of these influences on’Abduh can be found in B. Michel and Le Cheikh Moustapha Abdel Razik, Rissalat al-Tawhid: Exposé de la religion musulmane (Paris, 1925), pp. xx–xxvi.
9. Charles C. Adams, Islam and Modernism in Egypt (New York, 162) pp. 131–2
10. Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age (New York, 1968), pp. 30–3.
11. Nikki Keddie, ‘Symbol and Sincerity in Islam’, Studia Islamica, vol. xix (1963), p. 27.
12. George F. Hourani’s Introduction and notes to his translation of Averroes’ Kitab Fasl al-Maqal (On the Harmony of Religion and Philosophy) (London, 1961), particularly pages 33–7 for a discussion of this issue.
13. Keddie, ‘Symbol and Sincerity in Islam’, p. 63. She applies these ideas to her
14. An Islamic Response to Imperialism: Political and Religious Writings of Sayyid Jamâl ad-Dîn al-Afghânî(Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968), pp. 18–19, 48–53.
15. Survival was the main goal and one usually overlooked. See the comments of Henri Laoust,’ Le réformisme musulmane dans la littérature arabe contemporaine Orient, vol. iii, no. 10 (1959), 82.
16. R. Caspar, ‘Le rénouveau mo‘tazilite’, Mélanges, Institut Dominicain d’études Orientales du Caire, vol. 4 (1957), pp. 141–203.
17. Haykal recounts his experiences with Lutfî al-Sayyid in his Mudhakkirât fî al-Siyâsa al-Misriyya (Memoirs of Egyptian Politics), vol. I (Cairo, 1951), pp. 30–34.
18. Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought, pp. 324–40.
19. Yawmiyât Bârîs (Paris Days). Unpublished Diaries of Muhammad Husayn Haykal, April 1909 to June 1910.
20. J. M. Ahmed, The Intellectual Origins of Egyptian Nationalism (London, 1961), p. 91.
21. The Traditionalists and the Modernists, pp. 3–57.
22. Alâ Hâmish al-Sîra, pp. 5–12.
23. Tâhâ Husayn, p. 198.
24. Safran, pp. 282–3, n. 4.
25. “Bayn al-‘Ilm wa al-Dîn”, and republished in Taha’s Min Ba‘îd (From A Distance) (Beirut, 1967), pp. 205–55
26. ‘Al-Wafd al-Muta ‘asibi min al-Aqbât’ (The Wafd is a Fanatical Group of Copts), al-Siyâsa al-Yawmiyya (17 September 1929).
27. Tarâjim Misriyya wa Gharbiyya (Egyptian and Western Biographies) (Cairo, 1929), pp. 8–9.
28. ‘al-‘Aql wa al-Rúh’ (Reason and Spirit), al-Siyâsa al-Usbûi‘yya, 18 May 1929, and republished in al-Imân wa al-Ma‘rifa, pp. 104–14.
29. Thawrat al-Adab (The Revolt of Literature) (Cairo, 1933), p. 149.
30. Abd al-Mut‘âl al-Saîdî, Târîkh al-Islâh fî al-Azhar (The History of Reform in al-Azhar) (Cairo, 1943), pp. 128–9.
31. Hayât Muhammad, pp. 17–18.
32. Hayât Muhammad, pp. 149–50.
33. Haykal (Cairo, 1962), pp. 129–37. See particularly page 133.
34. ‘Athar al-Ḥarakât al-Fikriyya fî Banâ’ al-Umum’ (The Influence of Intellectual Movements on the Growth of Nations), al-Siyâsa al-Usbú‘iyya (9 April 1927), and republished in al-Sharq al-Jadîd, pp. 78–107.
35. Translated in Safran, p. 175.
36. Fî Manzal al-Waḥy, p. 29
37. Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought, pp. 327.
38. Vatikiotis, The Modern History of Egypt, pp. 102–3, 107.
39. Elie Kedourie’s ‘Egypt and the Caliphate: 1915–52’, The Chatham House Version and Other Middle Eastern Studies (New York, 1970), particulary pages 198–207.
40. The Future of Culture, p. 9.
41. Vatikiotis, The Modern History of Egypt, chs. 14 and 15.