To Strengthen the King’s Hands: Dynastic legitimacy, militia reform and ideas of national unity in england 1745—1760

The Historical Journal

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 1991, Pages 329-348

  Gould, Eliga H ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84972017739     PISSN: 0018246X     EISSN: 14695103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X00014163     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. John, Lord Sheffield (1796), reprinted in The world’s classics (London, 1972), p. 104.
2. Thompson, The making of the English working class (London, 1963).
3. Thompson, ‘The moral economy of the English crowd in the eighteenth century’, Past and Present, L (1971), 76–136.
4. Thompson, ‘Eighteenth-century English society: class struggle without class?’, Social History, III (1978), 133–65.
5. Speck, Stability and strife: England, 1714–1760 (Cambridge, Mass., 1979).
6. Langford, The excise crisis: society and politics in the age of Walpole (Oxford, 1975).
7. Speck’s study of the government’s response to the Jacobite rebellion of 1745, The Butcher: the duke of Cumberland and the suppression of the 45 (Oxford, 1981).
8. Tony Hayter, The army and the crowd in mid-Georgian England (London, 1978).
9. John Brewer’s Sinews of power: war, money and the English state, 1688–1783 (New York, 1989).
10. J. H. Plumb, The growth of political stability in England (Oxford, 1967).
11. J. R. Western, The English militia in the eighteenth century: the story of a political issue (London, 1965).
12. Speck, Stability and strife, p. 28.
13. E. N. Williams, The eighteenth-century constitution, 1688–1815 (Cambridge, 1960).
14. Charles M. Clode, The military forces of the crown: their administration and government (2 vols., London, 1869), I, 33–42.
15. Paul Fritz, The English ministers and Jacobitism between the rebellions of 1715 and 1745 (Toronto, 1975).
16. Eveline Cruickshanks, Political untouchables: The tories and the 45 (London, 1979).
17. Bruce Lenman, The Jacobite risings in Britain 1680–1746 (London, 1980).
18. Linda Colley, In defiance of oligarchy: the tory party, 1714–1760 (Cambridge, 1982).
19. J. C. D. Clark, The dynamics of change: the crisis of the 1750s and English party systems (Cambridge, 1982).
20. J. C. D. Clark, English society, 1688—1832: ideology, social structure and political practice during the ancien regime (Cambridge, 1985).
21. J. C. D. Clark, The dynamics of change, pp. 24–6.
22. J. C. D. Clark, English society, pp. 119–98.
23. J. C. D. Clark, ‘The decline of party, 1740—1760’, English Historical Review, XCIII (1978), 499—527.
24. J. C. D. Clark, ‘A general theory of party, opposition and government, 1688—1832’, Historical Journal, XXIII (1980), 295—326.
25. defiance of oligarchy, pp. 23
26. ‘Eighteenth-century English radicalism before Wilkes’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., xxxi (1981), 1—19.
27. The parliamentary history of England from the earliest period to the year 1803, ed. William Cobbett (36 vols., London, 1806—20), VII, 507, 522.
28. Lois G. Schwoerer, ‘No standing armies!’ the anti-army ideology in seventeenth-century England (Baltimore, 1974), pp. 155—187.
29. J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian moment: Florentine political thought and the Atlantic republican tradition (Princeton, 1975), pp. 423–36.
30. J. G. A. Pocock, ‘The varieties of whiggism from Exclusion to Reform: a history of ideology and discourse’, in Virtue, commerce and history: essays on political thought and history, chiefly in the eighteenth century (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 230–1.
31. John Trenchard, An argument, showing that a standing army is inconsistent with a free government and absolutely destructive to the constitution of the English monarchy (London, 1697), p. 4.
32. John Trenchard, A short history of standing armies in England (London, 1698).
33. Andrew Fletcher, A discourse concerning militias and standing armies. (London, 1697).
34. John Toland, The militia reformed. (London, 1697).
35. Schwoerer, ‘No standing armies!’, pp. 173—6.
36. Schwoerer, ‘No standing armies!’, pp. 188—96.
37. J. H. Plumb, Sir Robert Walpole: the king’s minister (London, 1966).
38. Fortescue, History of the British army (13 vols., London, 1910—35), I, 581—4.
39. R. E. Scouller, The armies of Queen Anne (Oxford, 1966), pp. 10–22
40. John Childs, The army of Charles II (London, 1976), pp. 95–103.
41. Hayter, The army and the crowd, pp. 54–74
42. Fortescue, History of the British army, II, 20—1, 35—6.
43. Western, The English militia, pp. 52—74
44. Speck, The Butcher, p. 38.
45. Schwoerer, ‘No standing armies!’, pp. 188—96.
46. John Robertson, The Scottish enlightenment and the militia issue (Edinburgh, 1985).
47. Daniel Defoe, An argument shewing that a standing army, with consent of parliament, is not inconsistent with a free government (London, 1698), pp. 5–6, 11–12.
48. Cobbett, Parl. hist., VIII, 900—3.
49. David Hume, ‘On the protestant succession’, Political discourses (1752) in Essays, moral, political, and literary, ed. Eugene F. Miller (Indianapolis, 1985), p. 509.
50. Tobias Smollett, The history of England from the Revolution in 1688 to the death of George III (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1822), I, 774—87.
51. William Ferguson, Scotland, 1689 to the present in The Edinburgh history of Scotland, ed. Gordon Donaldson (4 vols., Edinburgh, 1968; reprinted, 1978), IV, 150—3.
52. Cobbett, Parl. hist., XIII, 1364.
53. Cobbett, Parl. hist., XIII, 1374.
54. Christopher Hogwood, Handel (London, 1984), p. 184.
55. Winton Dean, The New Grove Handel (New York, 1983), p. 99.
56. Cobbett, Parl. hist., XIII, 573.
57. English society, p. 179.
58. Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, The idea of a patriot king in The works of Lord Bolingbroke, ed. David Mallett (4 vols., London, 1754; reprinted 1967), II, 396—7.
59. Clark, English society, pp. 181—2.
60. Conal Condren, The status and appraisal of classic texts: an essay on political theory, its inheritance, and the history of ideas (Princeton, 1985), pp. 167—285.
61. Marie Peters, Pitt and popularity: the patriot minister and London opinion during the Seven Years War (Oxford, 1980), pp. 39—45.
62. Colley, In defiance of oligarchy, p. 274.
63. Western, The English militia, pp. 127—34.
64. Clark, The dynamics of change, pp. 225, 230—7.
65. Fortescue, History of the British army, II, 575—7.
66. Rex Whitworth, Field Marshal Lord Ligonier: a story of the British army, 1702—1770 (Oxford, 1958), pp. 184, 199—228.
67. Peters, Pitt and popularity, pp. 35–6.
68. Horace Walpole, Memoirs of King George II, ed. John Brooke (3 vols., New York, 1985), II, 91.
69. Memoirs, II, 91—2.
70. Cobbett, Parl. hist., XIV, 1118.
71. Williams, The eighteenth-century constitution, pp. 180—1.
72. A treatise concerning the militia (London and Dublin, 1752; London, 1753), pp. iv—v.
73. Western, The English militia, pp. 121.
74. Memoirs, II, 91—3, 149.
75. O. A. Sherrard, Lord Chatham: Pitt and the Seven Years' War (London, 1955), pp. 94—97.
76. Colley, In defiance of oligarchy, p. 274.
77. Cobbett, Parl. hist., XV, 706.
78. Memoirs, II, 92—3.
79. Cobbett, Parl. hist., XV, 767—8.
80. An enquiry concerning the nature and end of a national militia (London [1757]), p. 47.
81. Proposals for carrying on the war with vigour, raising the supplies within the year, and forming a national militia (London, 1757), p. 41.
82. Reflections previous to the establishment of a militia (London, 1756), pp 21—8.
83. Robertson, The Scottish enlightenment and the militia issue, pp. 81—91.
84. Alexander Murdoch, ‘The people above’: politics and administration in mid-eighteenth century Scotland (Edinburgh, 1980), pp. 85—103.
85. Richard B. Sher, Church and university in the Scottish enlightenment: the moderate literati in Edinburgh (Princeton, 1985), pp. 224—36
86. Walpole, Memoirs, II, 87.
87. Walpole, Memoirs, II, 92—3.
88. Gentle reflections upon the short but serious reasons for a national militia (London, 1757), pp. 13—4.
89. Proposals for carrying on the war with vigour, pp. 41–3
90. Cobbett, Parl. hist., XV, 716.
91. An essay on the expediency of a national militia (London, 1757), p. 9.
92. Cobbett, Parl. hist., XV, 757.
93. Machiavelli, N., A scheme, 1. to raise immediately fifty or sixty thousand men in a letter to a member of parliament (London, 1747), p. 14.
94. Cobbett, Parl. hist., XV, 767—8.
95. defiance of oligarchy, pp. 273–6.
96. Clode, The military forces of the Crown, I, 39.
97. Herbert Butterfield, George III and the historians (London, 1957), pp. 255—6.
98. Walpole, Memoirs, III, 58.
99. Gibbon, Autobiography, p. 106.
100. Western, The English militia, pp. 152.
101. Western, The English militia, pp. 157—9.
102. Linda Colley, ‘The apotheosis of George III: loyalty, royalty and the British nation, 1760—1820’, Past and Present, CII (1984), 92—129.
103. Linda Colley, ‘Whose nation? Class and national consciousness in Britain 1750—1830’, Past and Present, CXIII (1986), 97—117.