Antagonistic Contradictions: Criminal Law and Human Rights in China

The China Quarterly

Volumn 141, Issue , 1995, Pages 135-154

  Clarke, Donald C ^a   Feinerman, James V ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84971922572     PISSN: 03057410     EISSN: 14682648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S030574100003294X     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. “Concepts of law in the Chinese anti-crime campaign,” Harvard Law Review, Vol. 98, No. 8 (June 1985), pp. 1890–1908.
2. “Trends and causes of crime in our country and criminal policy”) Zhengfa luntan (Politics and Law Forum), No. 5 (1989), pp. 37–45
3. “On the correct handling of contradictions among the people.” (Vol. 5) (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1977), pp. 384–421.
4. Cui Min, “Xuehui shiyong he yonghao falü wuqi”Faxue zazhi (Jurisprudence Magazine), No. 5 (1983), p. 14.
5. Lai Ying, The Thirty-Sixth Way (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969).
6. Harry Hongda Wu, Laogai-The Chinese Gulag (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992).
7. He Bingsong, “Woguo de fanzui qushi, yuangu yu xingshi zhengce” (Part 1), p. 40.
8. “Shanghai concentrates on doing a good job of criminal defence work in ‘turmoil-related cases’ (outline of report)”), Shanghai lüshi (Shanghai Lawyer), No. 427 (10 January 1990), pp. 10-15
9. Daniel Southerland, “China ousts Taiwanese for Shanghai protest,” Washington Post, 24 December 1987, p. A9.
10. Sun Jiebing, “Dangqian fayuan shishi duli shenpan de zuli ji duice” (“Obstacles and solutions to the implementation of independent adjudication by courts today”), Xiandai faxue (Modern Jurisprudence), No. 1 (1989). p. 45.
11. (“Circular on ‘The defence work of lawyers in the current trials of cases related to the turmoil and counterrevolutionary rebellion”), Shanghai lüshi, No. 427 (10 January 1990), pp. 1-3
12. Timothy A. Gelatt, “Lawyers in China: the past decade and beyond,” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Spring 1991), p. 762;
13. Edward J. Epstein (ed.), “Legal documents and materials on administrative detention in the People's Republic of China,” Chinese Law and Government, Vol. 27, No. 5 (1994).
14. Guowuyuan gongbao (State Council Gazette), No. 11 (27 June 1994), 440–48.
15. Zhongguo falii nianjian 1993, pp. 935, 941.
16. Dang Guoqing, “Qiantan laodong jiaoyang xuexiao”, Zhongguo fazhi bao (Chinese Legal System News), 29 April 1985, p. 3.
17. Guowuyuan guanyu laodong jiaoyang de buchong guiding (Supplementary Rules of the State Council on Re-education Through Labour), 29 October 1979, in
18. Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo falii quanshu (Compendium of the Laws of the People's Republic of China) (Changchun: Jilin renmin chubanshe, 1989), p. 1574.
19. Laodong jiaoyang shixing banfa (Trial Procedures on Re-education Through Labour), 21 January 1982
20. “Detailed rules on implementing the law in the administration of re-education through labour”), 10 August 1992.
21. Fu Ge, “Laodong jiaoyang lifa de lilun yu shijian” (“The theory and practice of legislation on re-education through labour”), Faxue (Jurisprudence), No. 7 (1987), p. 44.
22. Amnesty International, Punishment Without Crime, p. 9.
23. “Shourong shencha shi zenme hui shi?” (“What is custody and investigation?”), Zhongguo fazhi bao (Chinese Legal System News), 30 August 1986, p. 3.
24. State Council, “Human Rights in China,” reprinted in Beijing Review, 4 – 10 November 1991.
25. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, General Assembly Resolution 2200 (XXI), (1967).
26. International Legal Materials, Vol. 6, p. 368 (1967) (ICCPR).
27. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI), U.N. GAOR, 21st Sess., Supp. (No. 16) 49, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1967).
28. International Legal Materials, Vol. 6, p. 360 (1967)
29. Amnesty International, Torture in China (1992)
30. See Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, Criminal Justice with Chinese Characteristics (New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1993), pp. 75–76
31. Fang Shirong, “Xingzheng susong shou’an zhong dui gongan jiguan xingshi zhencha xingwei de shibie” (“How to distinguish an act of criminal investigation by public security organs when accepting administrative lawsuits”), Faxue, No. 8 (1994), p. 29.
32. See Amnesty International, China: Violations of Human Rights, Prisoners of Conscience and the Death Penalty in the People's Republic of China (London: Amnesty International, 1984), p. 92.
33. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1993 : China, Section 4, Section 1(d) (1993
34. Renmin fayuan fating guize (shixing) (Rules of Court of the People's Courts (for trial implementation)), 11 December 1979, in Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo falü quanshu, p. 289.
35. The Criminal Law and the Criminal Procedure Law of China (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1st ed. 1984), pp. 246–47.
36. William C. Jones, “Constitution of China,” Washington University Law Quarterly, Vol. 63, p. 710 (1985).
37. Judith Shapiro and Liang Heng, Cold Winds, Warm Winds (Middleton CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1986), pp. 30–31.
38. See the long list of prisoners in Asia Watch, Detained in China and Tibet (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1994).
39. “Opinion on the question of whether viciously attacking or slandering central leading comrades constitutes a crime”, 17 December 1981.
40. Zuigao renmin jianchayuan konggao shensu jianchating (ed.), Jubao shensu gongzuo fagui shouce (Handbook of Law and Regulations Relating to Reporting Malfeasance and Petitions) (Beijing: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe, 1990), Vol. 1, p 72.
41. “Regulations on the registration and management of social organizations,” State Council Gazette, No. 21 (1989), pp. 779–783.
42. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 660 U.N.T.S. 195.
43. International Legal Materials, Vol. 5 (1966), pp. 350–368
44. Quoted in Fang, “Renmin fayuan zai guojia jigou zhong de diwei” (‘The position of the people's courts in the structure of the state), Faxue zazhi, No. 4 (1985), at pp. 15, 16.
45. “‘Doing things according to law’ isn’t set in concrete; there are lots of exceptions. When the Public Security Bureau chief or the Beijing mayor or Party secretary or a Standing Committee member gives a direct order, even in the absence of proper procedures we have to lock the person up.” Liu Qing, Yuzhong shouji (Prison Notebook), p. 27 (1981).