Common Infections in Patients Prescribed Systemic Glucocorticoids in Primary Care: A Population-Based Cohort Study

PLoS Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2016, Pages

  Fardet, Laurence ^a,b,c   Petersen, Irene ^a   Nazareth, Irwin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b HENRI MONDOR HOSPITAL   (France)

^c Centre d'Investigation Clinique   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCOCORTICOID;

ADULT; AGED; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RISK FACTOR; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADULT; AGED; COHORT STUDIES; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; FEMALE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RISK FACTORS; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84971657460     PISSN: 15491277     EISSN: 15491676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002024     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Fardet L, Petersen I, Nazareth I, Prevalence of long-term oral glucocorticoid prescriptions in the UK over the past 20 years. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50:1982–1990.
2. Overman RA, Yeh J-Y, Deal CL, Prevalence of oral glucocorticoid usage in the United States: a general population perspective. Arthritis Care Res. 2013;65:294–298.
3. Stuck AE, Minder CE, Frey FJ, Risk of infectious complications in patients taking glucocorticosteroids. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11:954–963. 2690289
4. Brassard P, Bitton A, Suissa A, Sinyavskaya L, Patenaude V, Suissa S, Oral corticosteroids and the risk of serious infections in patients with elderly-onset inflammatory bowel diseases. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109:1795–1802. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.313 25267328
5. Chang YS, Liu CJ, Ou SM, Hu YW, Chen TJ, Lee HT, et al. Tuberculosis infection in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a nationwide population-based study. Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33:377–383. doi: 10.1007/s10067-013-2408-y 24170112
6. Fernàndez-Sabé N, Cervera C, López-Medrano F, Llano M, Sáez E, Len O, et al. Risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of listeriosis in solid-organ transplant recipients: a matched case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1153–1159. doi: 10.1086/605637 19751149
7. Lin JA, Liao CC, Lee YJ, Wu CH, Huang WQ, Chen TL, Adverse outcomes after major surgery in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1646–1651. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202758 23740232
8. Lionakis MS, Kontoyiannis DP, Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections. Lancet. 2003;362:1828–1838. 14654323
9. O’Donnell MR, Schmidt GM, Tegtmeier BR, Faucett C, Fahey JL, Ito J, et al. Prediction of systemic fungal infection in allogeneic marrow recipients: impact of amphotericin prophylaxis in high-risk patients. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12:827–834. 8151325
10. Peleg AY, Husain S, Qureshi ZA, Silveira FP, Sarumi M, Shutt KA, et al. Risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of Nocardia infection in organ transplant recipients: a matched case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:1307–1314. 17443467
11. Blak BT, Thompson M, Dattani H, Bourke A, Generalisability of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database: demographics, chronic disease prevalence and mortality rates. Inform Prim Care. 2011;19:251–255. 22828580
12. Lewis JD, Schinnar R, Bilker WB, Wang X, Strom BL, Validation studies of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database for pharmacoepidemiology research. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16:393–401. 17066486
13. MedicinesCompleteBritish National Formulary. 2016 [cited 1 Apr 2016]. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
14. Chisholm J, The Read clinical classification. BMJ. 1990;300:1092. 2344534
15. Schneeweiss S, Sensitivity analysis and external adjustment for unmeasured confounders in epidemiologic database studies of therapeutics. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2006;15:291–303. 16447304
16. Division of Pharamacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics. Sensitivity analysis of confounding: April 20, 2008. Boston: Brigham and Women’s Hospital. 2008 Apr 20 [cited 16 Nov 2015]. Available: http://www.drugepi.org/dope-downloads/#Sensitivity%20Analysis.
17. Durand M, Thomas SL, Incidence of infections in patients with giant cell arteritis: a cohort study. Arthritis Care Res. 2012;64:581–588.
18. Durand M, Dixon WG, Kezouh A, Bernatsky S, Suissa S, The influence of systemic glucocorticoid therapy upon the risk of non-serious infection in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:956–960. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.144741 21285116
19. Dixon WG, Suissa S, Hudson M, The association between systemic glucocorticoid therapy and the risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analyses. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13:R139. doi: 10.1186/ar3453 21884589
20. Widdifield J, Bernatsky S, Paterson JM, Gunraj N, Thorne JC, Pope J, et al. Serious infections in a population-based cohort of 86,039 seniors with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2013;65:353–361.
21. Vento S, Cainelli F, Longhi MS, Reactivation of replication of hepatitis B and C viruses after immunosuppressive therapy: an unresolved issue. Lancet Oncol. 2002;3:333–340. 12107020
22. Smitten AL, Choi HK, Hochberg MC, Suissa S, Simon TA, Testa MA, et al. The risk of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the United States and the United Kingdom. Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 57:1431–1438. 18050184
23. Blumentals WA, Arreglado A, Napalkov P, Toovey S, Rheumatoid arthritis and the incidence of influenza and influenza-related complications: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012; 13:158. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-158 22925480
24. Wu UI, Wang JT, Ho YC, Pan SC, Chen YC, Chang SC, Factors associated with development of complications among adults with influenza: a 3-year prospective analysis. J Formos Med Assoc. 2012;111:364–369. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.04.005 22817813
25. Myles P, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Semple MG, Brett SJ, Bannister B, Read RC, et al. Differences between asthmatics and nonasthmatics hospitalised with influenza A infection. Eur Respir J. 2013;41:824–831. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00015512 22903963
26. Hill G, Chauvenet AR, Lovato J, McLean TW, Recent steroid therapy increases severity of varicella infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatrics. 2005;116:e525–9. 16199681
27. Dowell SF, Bresee JS, Severe varicella associated with steroid use. Pediatrics. 1993;92:223–228. 8337020
28. Jacobs PH, Majocchi’s granuloma (due to therapy with steroid and occlusion). Cutis. 1986;38:23. 3731863
29. Li FQ, Lv S, Xia JX, Majocchi’s granuloma after topical corticosteroids therapy. Case Rep Dermatol Med. 2014:507176. doi: 10.1155/2014/507176 25405039
30. Jaramillo-Ayerbe F, Berrío-Muñoz J, Ivermectin for crusted Norwegian scabies induced by use of topical steroids. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134:143–145. 9487205
31. Lipitz R, Tur E, Brenner S, Krakowski A, Norwegian scabies following topical corticosteroid therapy. Isr J Med Sci. 1981;17:1165–1168. 7327916
32. Timpatanapong P, Tasanapradit P, Indulak S, Sundaravej P, Norwegian scabies in acute SLE patient treated with high dose corticosteroid. J Med Assoc Thai. 1974;57:514–516. 4443662
33. Chen SC-A, Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP, Direct effects of non-antifungal agents used in cancer chemotherapy and organ transplantation on the development and virulence of Candida and Aspergillus species. Virulence. 2011;2:280–295. 21701255
34. Ghannoum MA, Elteen KA, Effect of growth of Candida spp. in the presence of various glucocorticoids on the adherence to human buccal epithelial cells. Mycopathologia. 1987;98:171–178. 3587341
35. Drummond MB, Dasenbrook EC, Pitz MW, Murphy DJ, Fan E, Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:2407–2416. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.717 19033591
36. Eurich DT, Lee C, Marrie TJ, Majumdar SR, Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of recurrent pneumonia: a population-based, nested case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57:1138–1144. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit472 23872948
37. McKeever T, Harrison TW, Hubbard R, Shaw D, Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of pneumonia in people with asthma: a case-control study. Chest. 2013;144:1788–1794. doi: 10.1378/chest.13-0871 23990003
38. Schäfer VS, Kermani TA, Crowson CS, Hunder GG, Gabriel SE, Ytterberg SR, et al. Incidence of herpes zoster in patients with giant cell arteritis: a population-based cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010; 49:2104–2108.
39. Dixon WG, Abrahamowicz M, Beauchamp ME, Ray DW, Bernatsky S, Suissa S, et al. Immediate and delayed impact of oral glucocorticoid therapy on risk of serious infection in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71:1128–1133. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200702 22241902
40. Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Häussler U, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44:61–98. 15634032
41. Lewis GP, Jusko WJ, Graves L, Burke CW, Prednisone side-effects and serum-protein levels. A collaborative study. Lancet. 1971;2:778–780. 4106604
42. Cullen G, Kelly E, Murray FE, Patients’ knowledge of adverse reactions to current medications. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62:232–236. 16842399
43. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE guidelines [CG101]. 2010 June [cited 1 May 2015]. Available: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg101/.
44. Fardet L, Petersen I, Nazareth I, Monitoring of patients on long-term glucocorticoid therapy: a population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e647.
45. Duru N, van der Goes MC, Jacobs JW, Andrews T, Boers M, Buttgereit F, et al. EULAR evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations on the management of medium to high-dose glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:1905–1913. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203249 23873876