The spectrum of respiratory pathogens among returning Hajj pilgrims: Myths and reality

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 47, Issue , 2016, Pages 83-85

  Gautret, Phillipe ^a   Benkouiten, Samir ^a   Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A ^b,c   Memish, Ziad A ^d  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^b DHAHRAN HEALTH CENTER   (Saudi Arabia)

^c INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d ALFAISAL UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Coronavirus; Hajj; Influenza; Rhinovirus; Surveillance; Umrah

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASIA; CORONAVIRIDAE; CORONAVIRUS INFECTION; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; EUROPE; HUMAN; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; KOREA; MIDDLE EAST; MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; NORTH AFRICA; RHINOVIRUS; SEASONAL INFLUENZA; TRAVEL; VIRAL RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; AFRICA; CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MONITORING; ISLAM; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LEISURE; RESPIRATION DISORDERS; SAUDI ARABIA; SOUTH KOREA; VACCINATION; VIROLOGY; VIRUS DISEASES;

AFRICA, NORTHERN; ASIA; CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MONITORING; EUROPE; HOLIDAYS; HUMANS; ISLAM; MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; REPUBLIC OF KOREA; RESPIRATION DISORDERS; RHINOVIRUS; SAUDI ARABIA; TRAVEL; VACCINATION; VIRUS DISEASES;

EID: 84971401725     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: 18783511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.01.013     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Lee, N., Hui, D., Wu, A., Chan, P., Cameron, P., Joynt, G.M., et al. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. N Engl J Med 348 (2003), 1986–1994.
2. Fraser, C., Donnelly, C.A., Cauchemez, S., Hanage, W.P., Van Kerkhove, M.D., Hollingsworth, T.D., et al. Pandemic potential of a strain of influenza A (H1N1): early findings. Science 324 (2009), 1557–1561.
3. Zaki, A.M., van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T.M., Osterhaus, A.D., Fouchier, R.A., Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med 367 (2012), 1814–1820.
4. Memish, Z.A., McNabb, S.J., Mahoney, F., Alrabiah, F., Marano, N., Ahmed, Q.A., et al. Establishment of public health security in Saudi Arabia for the 2009 Hajj in response to pandemic influenza A H1N1. Lancet 374 (2009), 1786–1791.
5. Al-Tawfiq, J.A., Zumla, A., Memish, Z.A., Travel implications of emerging coronaviruses: SARS and MERS-CoV. Travel Med Infect Dis 12 (2014), 422–428.
6. Al-Tawfiq, J.A., Zumla, A., Memish, Z.A., Respiratory tract infections during the annual Hajj: potential risks and mitigation strategies. Curr Opin Pulm Med 19 (2013), 192–197.
7. Sharif-Yakan, A., Kanj, S.S., Emergence of MERS-CoV in the Middle East: origins, transmission, treatment, and perspectives. PLoS Pathog, 10, 2014, e1004457.
8. Pavli, A., Tsiodras, S., Maltezou, H.C., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): prevention in travelers. Travel Med Infect Dis 12 (2014), 602–608.
9. Sridhar, S., Brouqui, P., Parola, P., Gautret, P., Imported cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome: an update. Travel Med Infect Dis 13 (2015), 106–109.
10. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in the Republic of Korea, 2015. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 6 (2015), 269–278.
11. Thomas, H.L., Zhao, H., Green, H.K., Boddington, N.L., Carvalho, C.F., Osman, H.K., et al. Enhanced MERS coronavirus surveillance of travelers from the Middle East to England. Emerg Infect Dis 20 (2014), 1562–1564.
12. Gautret, P., Charrel, R., Benkouiten, S., Belhouchat, K., Nougairede, A., Drali, T., et al. Lack of MERS coronavirus but prevalence of influenza virus in French pilgrims after 2013 Hajj. Emerg Infect Dis 20 (2014), 728–730.
13. Aberle, J.H., Popow-Kraupp, T., Kreidl, P., Laferl, H., Heinz, F.X., Aberle, S.W., Influenza A and B viruses but not MERS-CoV in Hajj Pilgrims, Austria, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 21 (2015), 726–727.
14. German, M., Olsha, R., Kristjanson, E., Marchand-Austin, A., Peci, A., Winter, A.L., et al. Acute respiratory infections in travelers returning from MERS-CoV-affected areas. Emerg Infect Dis 21 (2015), 1654–1656.
15. Shahkarami, M., Yen, C., Glaser, C., Xia, D., Watt, J., Wadford, D.A., Laboratory testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, California, USA, 2013–2014. Emerg Infect Dis 21 (2015), 1664–1666.
16. Gautret, P., Charrel, R., Belhouchat, K., Drali, T., Benkouiten, S., Nougairede, A., et al. Lack of nasal carriage of novel corona virus (HCoV-EMC) in French Hajj pilgrims returning from the Hajj 2012, despite a high rate of respiratory symptoms. Clin Microbiol Infect 19 (2013), E315–E317.
17. Memish, Z.A., Assiri, A., Almasri, M., Alhakeem, R.F., Turkestani, A., Al Rabeeah, A.A., et al. Prevalence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage and compliance with the Saudi health recommendations among pilgrims attending the 2013 Hajj. J Infect Dis 210 (2014), 1067–1072.
18. Annan, A., Owusu, M., Marfo, K.S., Larbi, R., Sarpong, F.N., Adu-Sarkodie, Y., et al. High prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Hajj pilgrims returning to Ghana, 2013. Trop Med Int Health 20 (2015), 807–812.
19. Kandeel, A., Deming, M., Elkreem, E.A., El-Refay, S., Afifi, S., Abukela, M., et al. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Hajj pilgrims who received predeparture vaccination, Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis 17 (2011), 1266–1268.
20. Ziyaeyan, M., Alborzi, A., Jamalidoust, M., Moeini, M., Pouladfar, G.R., Pourabbas, B., et al. Pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection among 2009 Hajj pilgrims from southern Iran: a real-time RT-PCR-based study. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 6 (2012), e80–e84.
21. Memish, Z.A., Assiri, A.M., Hussain, R., Alomar, I., Stephens, G., Detection of respiratory viruses among pilgrims in Saudi Arabia during the time of a declared influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. J Travel Med 19 (2012), 15–21.
22. Benkouiten, S., Charrel, R., Belhouchat, K., Drali, T., Salez, N., Nougairede, A., et al. Circulation of respiratory viruses among pilgrims during the 2012 Hajj pilgrimage. Clin Infect Dis 57 (2013), 992–1000.
23. Benkouiten, S., Charrel, R., Belhouchat, K., Drali, T., Nougairede, A., Salez, N., et al. Respiratory viruses and bacteria among pilgrims during the 2013 Hajj. Emerg Infect Dis 20 (2014), 1821–1827.
24. Alborzi, A., Aelami, M.H., Ziyaeyan, M., Jamalidoust, M., Moeini, M., Pourabbas, B., et al. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among Iranian Hajj pilgrims, 2006. J Travel Med 16 (2009), 239–242.
25. Moattari, A., Emami, A., Moghadami, M., Honarvar, B., Influenza viral infections among the Iranian Hajj pilgrims returning to Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 6 (2012), e77–e79.
26. Memish, Z.A., Assiri, A., Turkestani, A., Yezli, S., Al Masri, M., Charrel, R., et al. Mass gathering and globalization of respiratory pathogens during the 2013 Hajj. Clin Microbiol Infect, 21, 2015 571.e1–571.e8.
27. World Health Organization. Health conditions for travelers to Saudi Arabia for the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj), 2015. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 90 (2015), 381–384.
28. Alqarni, H., Memish, Z.A., Assiri, A.M., Health conditions for travellers to Saudi Arabia for the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)—2015. J Epidemiol Glob Health, 2015 Jul 13 [Epub ahead of print].
29. Memish, Z.A., Zumla, A., Alhakeem, R.F., Assiri, A., Turkestani, A., Al Harby, K.D., et al. Hajj: infectious disease surveillance and control. Lancet 383 (2014), 2073–2082.