ERA-20C: An atmospheric reanalysis of the twentieth century

Journal of Climate

Volumn 29, Issue 11, 2016, Pages 4083-4097

  Poli, Paul ^a,c   Hersbach, Hans ^a   Dee, Dick P ^a   Berrisford, Paul ^a,b   Simmons, Adrian J ^a   Vitart, Frédéric ^a   Laloyaux, Patrick ^a   Tan, David G H ^a   Peubey, Carole ^a   Thépaut, Jean Noël ^a   Trémolet, Yannick ^a   Hólm, Elías V ^a   Bonavita, Massimo ^a   Isaksen, Lars ^a   Fisher, Michael ^a  

^a EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS   (United Kingdom)

^b National Centre for Atmospheric Science ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c Centre de Météorologie Marine CMM Météo France   (France)

Author keywords

Data assimilation; Interannual variability; Models and modeling; Reanalysis data; Variability

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; CLIMATOLOGY; ICE CONTROL; OCEANOGRAPHY; SEA ICE; SURFACE WATERS;

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC REANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION; FEED BACK INFORMATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST); VARIABILITY;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE;

ANNUAL VARIATION; CLIMATE MODELING; CLIMATE PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; ENSEMBLE FORECASTING; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NUMERICAL MODEL; TREND ANALYSIS; TWENTIETH CENTURY; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 84971384052     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0556.1     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Allan, R., P. Brohan, G. P. Compo, R. Stone, J. Luterbacher, and S. Brönnimann, 2011: The international Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 1421-1425, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3218.1.
2. Becker, A., P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, B. Rudolf, K. Schamm, U. Schneider, and M. Ziese, 2013: A description of the global land-surface precipitation data products of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre with sample applications including centennial (trend) analysis from 1901 to present. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 71-99, doi:10.5194/essd-5-71-2013.
3. Bonavita, M., E. Hólm, L. Isaksen, and M. Fisher, 2014: The evolution of the ECMWF hybrid data assimilation system. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 743, 26 pp. [Available online at http://www.ecmwf.int/en/elibrary/8271-evolution-ecmwf-hybrid-dataassimilation-system.].
4. Compo, G. P., J. S. Whitaker, and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 2006: Feasibility of a 100-year reanalysis using only surface pressure data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 175-190, doi:10.1175/BAMS-87-2-175.
5. Compo, G. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 1-28, doi:10.1002/qj.776.
6. Cram, T. A., and Coauthors, 2015: The International Surface Pressure Databank version 2. Geosci. Data J., 2, 31-46, doi:10.1002/gdj3.25.
7. Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
8. Dee, D. P., M. Balmaseda, G. Balsamo, R. Engelen, A. J. Simmons, and J.-N. Thépaut, 2014: Toward a consistent reanalysis of the climate system. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, 1235-1248, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00043.1.
9. Dee, D. P., J. Fasullo, D. Shea, J. Walsh, and N. S., Eds., 2016: The climate data guide: Atmospheric reanalysis: Overview and comparison tables. [Available online at https://climatedataguide. ucar.edu/climate-data/atmospheric-reanalysis-overviewcomparison-tables.].
10. ECMWF, 2013: IFS documentation cy38r1. Accessed 8 Feb 2016. [Available online at http://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/documentation-and-support/changes-ecmwf-model/ifs-documentation.].
11. Fennig, K., A. Andersson, S. Bakan, S. Klepp, and M. Schroeder, 2012: Hamburg ocean atmosphere parameters and fluxes from satellite data-HOAPS 3.2-monthly means/6-hourly composites. Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring, doi:10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/HOAPS/V001.
12. Gregow, H., and Coauthors, 2015: User awareness concerning feedback data and input observations used in reanalysis systems. Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 63-67, doi:10.5194/asr-12-63-2015.
13. Hersbach, H., C. Peubey, A. Simmons, P. Berrisford, P. Poli, and D. P. Dee, 2015a: ERA-20CM: A twentieth century atmospheric model ensemble. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141, 2350-2375, doi:10.1002/qj.2528.
14. Hersbach, H., P. Poli, and D. Dee, 2015b: The observation feedback archive for the ICOADS and ISPD data sets. ECMWF ERA Rep. 18, 29 pp. [Available online at http://www.ecmwf.int/en/elibrary/9871-observation-feedback-archive-icoads-and-ispd-data-sets.].
15. Isaksen, L., M. Bonavita, R. Buizza, M. Fisher, J. Haseler, and M. Leutbecher, and R. L., 2010: Ensemble of data assimilations at ECMWF. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 636, 48 pp. [Available online at http://www.ecmwf.int/en/elibrary/10125-ensemble-data-assimilations-ecmwf.].
16. Kennedy, J. J., 2014: A review of uncertainty in in situ measurements and data sets of sea surface temperature. Rev. Geophys., 52, 1-32, doi:10.1002/2013RG000434.
17. Kent, E. C., N. A. Rayner, D. I. Berry, M. Saunby, B. I. Moat, J. J. Kennedy, and D. E. Parker, 2013: Global analysis of night marine air temperature and its uncertainty since 1880: The HadNMAT2 data set. J. Geophys. Res., 118, 1281-1298, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50152.
18. Kobayashi, S., and Coauthors, 2015: The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 93, 5-48, doi:10.2151/jmsj.2015-001.
19. Laloyaux, P., M. Balmaseda, D. Dee, K. Mogensen, and P. Janssen, 2016: Acoupled data assimilation system for climate reanalysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 142, 65-78, doi:10.1002/qj.2629.
20. Poli, P., and Coauthors, 2013: The data assimilation system and initial performance evaluation of theECMWFpilot reanalysis of the 20th-century assimilating surface observations only (ERA-20C). ECMWF ERA Rep. 14, 59 pp. [Available online at http://www.ecmwf.int/en/elibrary/11699-data-assimilationsystem-and-initial-performance-evaluation-ecmwf-pilot-reanalysis.].
21. Poli, P., H. Hersbach, P. Berrisford, D. Dee, A. Simmons, and P. Laloyaux, 2015a: ERA-20C deterministic. ECMWF ERA Rep. 20, 48 pp. [Available online at http://www.ecmwf.int/en/elibrary/11700-era-20c-deterministic.].
22. Poli, P., R. Saunders, and D. Santek, 2015b: Rescuing satellite data for climate reanalysis. ECMWF Newsletter, No. 144 (summer), ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, 8-9.
23. Rabier, F., H. Järvinen, E. Klinker, J.-F. Mahfouf, and A. Simmons, 2000: The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. I: Experimental results with simplified physics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1143-1170, doi:10.1002/qj.49712656415.
24. Rienecker, M.M., andCoauthors, 2011:MERRA:NASA'sModern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. J. Climate, 24, 3624-3648, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1.
25. Saha, S., and Coauthors, 2010: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. Bull. Amer.Meteor. Soc., 91, 1015-1057, doi:10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1.
26. Simmons, A. J., and Coauthors, 2004: Comparison of trends and low-frequency variability in CRU, ERA-40, and NCEP/NCAR analyses of surface air temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24115, doi:10.1029/2004JD005306.
27. Smith, S. R., and Coauthors, 2011: Developing an ICOADS Value-Added Database (IVAD) to support climate research: Concept plan. 13 pp. [Available online at http://icoads.noaa.gov/ivad/IVAD_concept_plan_final.pdf.].
28. Stickler, A., and Coauthors, 2014: Description of the ERA-CLIM historical upper-air data. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 29-48, doi:10.5194/essd-6-29-2014.
29. Tavolato, C., and L. Isaksen, 2015: On the use of a Huber norm for observation quality control in the ECMWF 4D-Var. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141, 1514-1527, doi:10.1002/qj.2440.
30. Taylor, K., R. Stouffer, and G. Meehl, 2012: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 485-498, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1.
31. Teixeira, J., D. Waliser, R. Ferraro, P. Gleckler, T. Lee, and G. Potter, 2014: Satellite observations for CMIP5: The genesis of Obs4MIPs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, 1329-1334, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00204.1.
32. Titchner, H. A., and N. A. Rayner, 2014: The Met Office Hadley Centre sea ice and sea-surface temperature data set, version 2: 1. Sea ice concentrations. J. Geophys. Res., 119, 2864-2889, doi:10.1002/2013JD020316.
33. Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler<1981: Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784-812, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109, 0784:TITGHF>2.0.CO;2.
34. Wentz, F. J., 2013: SSM/I version-7 calibration report. Remote Sensing Systems Tech. Rep. 011012, 46 pp. [Available online at http://images.remss.com/papers/rsstech/2012_011012_Wentz_ Version-7_SSMI_Calibration.pdf.].
35. Wheeler, M. C., and H. H. Hendon<2004: An all-season real-time multivariate MJO index: Development of an index for monitoring and prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1917-1932, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132, 1917: AARMMI>2.0.CO;2.
36. Wonacott, T. H., and R. J. Wonacott, 1977: Introductory Statistics. 2nd ed. John Wiley, 754 pp.
37. Woodruff, S. D., and Coauthors, 2011: ICOADS release 2.5: Extensions and enhancements to the surface marine meteorological archive. Int. J. Climatol., 31, 951-967, doi:10.1002/joc.2103.