Globalisation and Inequality

Millennium - Journal of International Studies

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 1995, Pages 447-470

  Hurrell, Andrew ^a   Woods, Ngaire ^b  

^a NUFFIELD COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84970745478     PISSN: 03058298     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/03058298950240031001     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. For examples of the view that market-driven giobalisation exacerbates both potitical and economic inequalities, see James Petras and Morris Morley (eds.), US Hegemony under Siege: Class, Politics and Development in Latin America (London: Verso, !990), and Barry Gills, Joel Rocamora, and Richard Wilson (eds.), Low Intensity Democracy: Political Power in the New World Order (London: Pluto Press, 1993).
2. Anne Krueger, ‘Global Trade Prospects for the Developing Countries’ The World Economy (Vol. 15, No. 4, 1992), pp. 457-74; Deepak Lai, A Liberal International Economic Order: The International Monetary System and Economic Development (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University International Finance Section, 1980); and John Dunning, The Globalisation of Business: The Challenge of the 1990s (London: Routledge, 1993).
3. The literature on endogenous growth is one such investigation. See, for example, Paul M. Römer, ‘The Origins of Endogenous Growth’, Journal of Economic Perpectives vol. 8, No. 1,. 1994), pp. 3-22.
4. See, for example, Richard N. Cooper, Economic Policy in an Interdependent World: Essays in World Economics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986), Chapter U, and Robert O. Keohane, International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, ] 989), Chapter 5.
5. See generally Stephen D. Krasner (ed.), International Regimes (Ithaca, NY: Comell University Press, 1983).
6. John Williamson and Stephan Haggard, The Political Conditions for Economic Reform’, in Williamson and Haggard (eds.), The Political Economy of Policy Reform (Washington, DC: International Institute for Economics, 1994), p. 530. See also Robert H. Bates and Anne O. Krueger (eds.), Political and Economic Interactions in Economic and Policy Reform (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), and Haggard and Steven B. Webb (eds), Voting for Reform: Democracy, Political Liberalization and Economic Adjustment (New York, NY: Oxford University Press for the World Bank, 1994).
7. This view is particularly visible in many of the essays in John Williamson (ed.), The Political Economy of Policy Reform (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1993).
8. Peter M. Haas, ‘Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination’, International Organization (Vol. 46, No. 1, 1992), pp. 1-36. See also Emst B. Haas, When Knowledge is Power: Three Models of Change in International Organizations (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1989).
9. See, for example, Daniel Deudney and G. John Ikenberry, ‘The International Sources of Soviet Change’, International Security (V'ol. 16, No. 3, 1991/92), pp. 74-118, and the discussion of these ideas in Fred Halliday, Rethinking International Relations (London: Macmillan, 1994), especially Chapter 5.
10. James Rosenau, Turbulence in WorldPolitics (New York, NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990).
11. Laura D'Andrea Tyson, Who's Bashing Whom? Trade Conflict in High-Technology Industries (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1992), and Robert Reich, The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselvesfor 2 Ist-Century Capitalism (London: Simon and Schuster, 1991).
12. Adrian Wood, North-South Trade, Employment and Inequaiity: Changing Fortunes in a Skill-Driven World (Oxford: Oxford University PreSs, 1994).
13. In this they follow Kail W. Deutsch, et al., Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience (New York, NY: Greenwood, 1957, reprinted 1969). For a more detailed treatment of some of the key themes in this debate, see David Long's article in this issue.
14. Kenichi Ohtnae, ‘The Rise of the Region State’, Foreign Affairs (Vol. 72, No. 2,1993), p. 78. Note how closely his words echo those of Norman Angell writing in 1909: ‘the very complexity of the division of labour tends to set up Cooperation in groups whjch might thwart political frontiers, so that the political no longer limits or coincides with the economic’. The Great Illusion (London: Heinemann, 1933), p. 157.
15. World Bank, World Bank Development Report 1994 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1994), and Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Economic and Social Progress in Latin America (Washington, DC: IDB/Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).
16. Athoughtful contemplation ofthis problem is Moisös Naim, Latin America ‘sJourney to the Market: From MacroeconomicShocks to Institutional Therapy (San Francisco, CA: International Center for Economic Growth, 1995).
17. See Joan Nelson and Stephanie Eglinton, Encouraging Democracy: What Role for Conditioned Aid? (Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council, 1992).
18. This issue was highlighted in the World Bank Development Report 1990 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1990).
19. See, for example, Sebastian Edwards, MacroeconomicStabilization in Latin America: Recent Experience and Some Sequencing Issues (Washington, DC: NBER, 1994). For a discussion of other techniques, see Michael Lipton and Jacques Van der Gaag, Including the Poor (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1993).
20. Max Singer and Aaron Wildavsky, The Real World Order: Zones of Peace, Zones of Turmoil (Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers, 1993).
21. Barry Buzan, The European Security Order Recast: Scenarios for the Post-Cold War Era (London: Pinter, 1990).
22. Daniel Deudney and G. John Ikenberry, ‘The Logic of the West’, World Policy Journal (Vol. 10, No. 4, 1993-94), pp. 17-25.
23. James Rosenau and Emst-Otto Czempiel, Govemance without Government: Order and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), Chapter 1.
24. The World Bank, The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1993)-
25. A good survey is Albert Fishlow, et al, Miracle or Design?: Lessons from the East Asian Experience (Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council, 1994).
26. Robert Wade, Governing the Market (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990); Alice Amsden, Asia ‘s S'extGiant (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1989); Amsden, ‘Taiwan's Economic History: A Case of Etatisme and a Challenge to Dependency Theory’, Modern China (Vol. 5, 1979), pp. 341-79; and Stephen Haggard, Pathways from the Periphery (Ithaca, NY: Comell University Press, 1990).
27. ‘New Curbs Hit South Korean Groups’, Financial Times (12 October 1995), p. 7.
28. Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Power and Inter dependence, Second Edition (Gienview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1989), p. 251, emphasis added.
29. Peter Evans, Harold Jacobson, and Robert Putnam (eds), Double-Edged Diplomacy (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993).
30. Robert Wade, ‘The World Bank and the Art of Paradigm Maintenance: the East Asian Miracle as a Response to Japan's Challenge to the Development Consensus’, unpublished paper, University of Sussex, 1995.
31. Stephen D. Krasner, Structural Conflict: The Third World Against Global Liberalism (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1985).
32. M. Destier, American Trade Politics, Second Edition (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1992), Chapter 3.
33. See Stephen D. Krasner, ‘Global Communications and National Power: Life on the Pareto Frontier’, World Politics (Vol. 43, No. 3, 1991), pp. 336-66.
34. On economic conditionality, see Tony Killick, The IMF and Stabilization (London: St Martin's Press, 1984), and Paul Mosley, Jane Harrigan, and John Toye, Aid and World Power: The World Bank and Policy-based Lending (London: Routledge, 1990). The academic literature on non-traditional conditionalities remains thin, but see Nelson and Eglinton, in note 20.
35. Andrew Hurrell, ‘Regionalism in the Americas’, in Hurrell and Louise Fawcett (eds.), Regiortalism in World Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 250-82, and Victor Bulmer-Thomas, Nikki Craske, and Mönica Serrano (eds.), Mexico and the North American Free Trade Agreement. Who Will Benefit? (London: Macmillan, 1994).
36. A case-study detailing the ways in which the domestic processes and international institutions interact is given in Ngaire Woods, ‘The Third Arena: The International Financial Institutions and the Politics of Economic Policy-Making in Mexico 1982-1992’, paper presented at the CIDE, Mexico City, April 1994, and Oxford Social Studies Faculty Senior Seminar, May 1995.
37. See John Damton, ‘Islamic Fundamentalism is on the Rise in Turkey’, International Herald Tribüne (3 March 1995), p. 2, and David Hirst, ‘Egypt: Poised between Control and Chaos’, The Guardian (11 Februaiy 1995), p. 15.
38. Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman (eds.), The Politics of Economic Adjustment (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992).
39. Dharam Ghai, ‘Social Policy in a Global Context’, paper presented at Queen Elizabeth House, 40th Anniversary Conference, ‘The Third World after the Cold War’. See also Richard Falk's review article in this issue on Our Global Neighbourhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Govemance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).
40. For an important exception, see Daniele Archibugi and David Held (eds.), Cosmopolitan Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995).
41. This issue was central to the work of Martin Wight and Hedley Bull. For an overview, see Bull, ‘The Emergence of a Universal International Society’, in Bull and Adam Watson (eds.), The Expansion of International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), pp. 117-26.
42. See Joseph Boyle, ‘Natural Law and International Ethics’, in Terry Nardin and David Mapel (eds.), Traditions of International Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 112-35.
43. Robert Tucker, The Inequaiity of Nations (New York, NY: Basic Books, 1977).
44. Martin Wight, International Theory: The Three Traditions (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1991).
45. See Andrew Hurrell, ‘Vattel: Pluralism and Its Limits’, in lan Clark and Iver Neutnann (eds.), Classical Theories in International Relations (London: Macmillan, forthcoming). For a powerful Contemporary restatement of the pluralist case, see John Rawls, The Law of Peoples’, in Stephen Shute and Susan Hurley (eds.), On Human Rights (New York, NY: Basic Books, 1993), pp. 41-82.
46. Hedley Bull, Justice in International Relations, 1983 Hagey Lectures (Waterloo, ON: University Publications Distribution Service, University of Waterloo, 1984).
47. Robert H. Jackson, Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
48. See, for example, Bilahari Kausikan, ‘Asia's Different Standard’, Foreign Policy (Vol. 92, 1993), pp. 24-41, and Robert Bartley et al., Democracy and Capitalism: Asian and American Perspectives (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1993).
49. On the nineteenth-century divisions between civiiized, barbarous, and savage humanity, see James Lorimer, Institutes of the Law of Nations, Volumes I and II (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1883), and Gerrit W. Gong, The Standard of ‘Civilization ‘ in International Society (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984).
50. For one example of work that takes this sort of enquiry seriously, see Karen Litfin, ‘Framing Science: Precautionary Discourse and the Ozone Treaties’, Millennium (Vol. 24, Mo. 2, 1995), pp. 251-77.
51. For a similar challenge, see Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (London: Macmillan, 1977), pp. 85-86.