Repression and the Liberal State: The Case of Northern Ireland, 1969-1972

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 1995, Pages 330-352

  White, Robert W ^a   White, Terry Falkenberg ^b  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84970384994     PISSN: 00220027     EISSN: 15528766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022002795039002006     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Ackroyd, Carol, Karen Margolis, Jonathan Rosenhead, and Tim Shallice. 1980. The technology of political control. 2d ed. London: Pluto.
2. Arthur, Max. 1987. Northern Ireland: Soldiers talking. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
3. Asmal, Kader (Chairman), Geoffrey Bindman, John Brittain, and Michel Zavrian. 1985. Shoot to kill: International lawyers inquiry into the lethal use of firearms by the security forces in Northern Ireland. Cork, Ireland: Mercier.
4. Banks, D. L. 1985. Patterns of oppression: A statistical analysis of human rights. American Statistical Association: Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section 62: 154-163.
5. Barzilay, David. 1981. The British army in Ulster. Vol.4. Belfast, Northern Ireland: Century Books.
6. Bell, J. Bowyer. 1979. The secret army: The IRA from 1916. Dublin, Ireland: The Academy Press.
7. Bell, J. Bowyer. 1993. The Irish troubles: A generation of violence, 1967-1992. New York: St. Martin.
8. Birrell, Derek. 1972. Relative deprivation as a factor in conflict in Northern Ireland. Sociological Review 20: 317-343.
9. Bollen, Kenneth. 1993. Liberal democracy: Validity and method factors in cross-national measures. American Journal of Political Science 37: 1207-1230.
10. Boswell, Terry, and William J. Dixon. 1993. Marx's theory of rebellion: A cross-national analysis of class exploitation, economic development, and violent revolt. American Sociological Review 58: 681-702.
11. Bruce, Steve. 1992. The red hand: Protestant paramilitaries in Northern Ireland. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
12. Deutsch, Richard, and Vivien Magowan. 1973. Northern Ireland, 1968-1973: A chronology of events. Vol. 1, 1968-71. Belfast, Northern Ireland: Blackstaff.
13. Deutsch, Richard, and Vivien Magowan. 1974. Northern Ireland, 1968-1973: A chronology of events. Vol. 2, 1972-73. Belfast, Northern Ireland: Blackstaff.
14. Dillon, Martin, and Dennis Lehane. 1973. Political murder in Northern Ireland. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
15. Duff, Ernest A., and John F. McCamant, with Waltraud Q. Morales. 1976. Violence and repression in Latin America: A quantitative and historical analysis. New York: Free Press.
16. Dunne, Derek. 1988. Out of the Maze: The true story of the biggest jail escape since the war. Dublin, Ireland: Gill & Macmillan.
17. Farrell, Michael. 1980. Northern Ireland: The Orange State. London: Pluto.
18. Flackes, W. D. 1983. Northern Ireland: A political directory, 1968-83. London: Ariel Books, British Broadcasting.
19. Gastil, Raymond D. 1980. Freedom in the world: Political rights and civil liberties 1980. New York: Freedom House.
20. Gastil, Raymond D. 1984. Freedom in the world: Political rights and civil liberties 1983-1984. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
21. Gerth, H. H., and C. Wright Mills. [1946] 1979. From Max Weber: Essays in sociology. Reprint. New York: Oxford University Press.
22. Great Britain Employment Department. 1969-72. Employment gazette (formerly, Employment and productivity gazette). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
23. Griffin, Larry J., and Larry W. Isaac. 1992. Recursive regression and the historical use of “time” in time-series analysis of historical process. Historical Methods 25(4): 166-179.
24. Gurr, Ted R. 1985. On the political consequences of scarcity and economic decline. International Studies Quarterly 29(1): 51-75.
25. Gurr, Ted R. 1986. The political origins of state violence and terror: A theoretical analysis. In Government violence and repression: An agenda for research, edited by Michael Stohl and George A. Lopez, 45-71. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
26. Hall, Robert E., Jack Johnston, and David Lilien. 1990. Micro-TSP user's manual. Irvine, CA: Quantitative Micro Software.
27. Henderson, Conway W. 1991. Conditions affecting the use of political repression. Journal of Conflict Resolution 35: 120-142.
28. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1969. Disturbances in Northern Ireland (Cameron Commission). Belfast, Northern Ireland: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
29. Hewitt, Christopher. 1984. The effectiveness of anti-terrorist policies. New York: University Press of America.
30. Irish Information Partnership. 1987. Irish information: Agenda: A database of facts and information on the Northern Ireland conflict and Anglo-Irish affairs. 5th ed. London, England: Irish Information Partnership.
31. Irish Information Partnership. 1990. Irish information: Agenda: Update 1987-89. 6th ed. London: Irish Information Partnership.
32. Isaac, Larry W., and Larry J. Griffin. 1989. Ahistoricism in time-series analyses of historical process: Critique, redirection, and illustrations from U.S. labor history. American Sociological Review 54: 873-890.
33. Jenkins, J. Craig. 1983. Resource mobilization theory and the study of social movements. Annual Review of Sociology 9: 527-553.
34. Jenkins, J. Craig, and Charles Perrow. 1977. Insurgency of the powerless: Farm workers movements (1946-1972). American Sociological Review 42: 249-268.
35. Khawaja, Marwan. 1993. Repression and popular collective action: Evidence from the West Bank. Sociological Forum 8(1): 47-71.
36. Khawaja, Marwan. 1994. Resource mobilization, hardship, and popular collective action in the West Bank. Social Forces 73: 191-220.
37. Lopez, George A. 1984. A scheme for the analysis of government as terrorist. In The state as terrorist: The dynamics of governmental violence and repression, edited by Michael Stohl and George A. Lopez, 59-81. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
38. Maudling, Reginald. 1978. Memoirs. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
39. McGuffin, John. 1973. Internment! Tralee, Ireland: Anvil Books.
40. Mitchell, Christopher, Michael Stohl, David Carleton, and George Lopez. 1986. State terrorism: Issues of concept and measurement. In Government violence and repression: An agenda for research, edited by Michael Stohl and George A. Lopez, 1-25. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
41. Muller, Edward. 1985. Income inequality, regime repressiveness, and political violence. American Sociological Review 50: 47-61.
42. Murray, Raymond. 1990. The SAS in Ireland. Dublin, Ireland: Mercier.
43. Nelson, Sarah. 1984. Ulster's uncertain defenders: Protestant political, paramilitary, and community groups and the Northern Ireland conflict. Syracuse, NY: Appletree/Syracuse University Press.
44. Oberschall, Anthony. 1978. Theories of social conflict. Annual Review of Sociology 4: 291-315.
45. Peroff, Kathleen, and Christopher Hewitt. 1980. Rioting in Northern Ireland: The effects of different policies. Journal of Conflict Resolution 24: 593-612.
46. Rockwell, Richard C. 1985. Discussion. American Statistical Association: Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section 62: 163-164.
47. Rolston, Bill. 1991. Containment and its failure: The British state and the control of conflict in Northern Ireland. In Western state terrorism, edited by Alexander George, 155-179. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
48. Rose, Richard. 1972. Governing without consensus: An Irish perspective. Boston: Beacon.
49. Rosenhead, Jonathan. 1973. Rubber bullets and riot control. New Scientist (June 14): 658-659.
50. Rosenhead, Jonathan. 1981. The technology of riot control. New Scientist 23 (July): 210-212.
51. Scott, Malcolm. 1994. An index of deaths from the conflict in Northern Ireland. Belfast, Northern Ireland: Beyond the Pale Publications.
52. Stohl, Michael, and George A. Lopez. 1984. Introduction. In The State as terrorist: The dynamics of governmental violence and repression, edited by Michael Stohl and George A. Lopez, 3-10. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
53. Thompson, J.L.P. 1989. Deprivation and political violence in Northern Ireland, 1922-1985. Journal of Conflict Resolution 33: 676-699.
54. Tilly, Charles. 1978. From mobilization to revolution. New York: Random House.
55. Tilly, Charles. 1985. War making and state making as organized crime. In Bringing the state back in, edited by Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, 169-191. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
56. Tilly, Charles, Louise Tilly, and Richard Tilly. 1975. The rebellious century: 1830-1930. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
57. Weede, Erich. 1981. Income inequality, average income, and domestic violence. Journal of Conflict Resolution 25: 639-654.
58. White, Robert W. 1989. From peaceful protest to guerrilla war: Micromobilization of the Provisional Irish Republican Army. American Journal of Sociology 94: 1277-1302.
59. White, Robert W. 1993a. On measuring political violence: Northern Ireland, 1969-1980. American Sociological Review 58: 575-585.
60. White, Robert W. 1993b. Provisional Irish Republicans: An oral and interpretive history. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
61. Wilkinson, Paul. 1986. Terrorism and the liberal state. London: Macmillan.
62. Wilson, Harold. 1971. A personal record: The Labour government, 1964-1971. Boston: Little, Brown.
63. Wright, Erik. 1978. Class, crisis and the state. London: New Left Books.
64. Wright, Steve. 1977. An assessment of the new technologies of repression (abridged). In Repression and repressive violence, edited by Marjo Hoefnagels, 133-165. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger.
65. Wright, Steve. 1981. A multivariate time-series analysis of the Northern Irish conflict 1969-1976. In Behavioral and quantitative perspectives on terrorism, edited by Yonah Alexander and John M. Gleason, 283-328. New York: Pergamon.