Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amines in obsessive compulsive disorder, tourette’s syndrome, and healthy controls

Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 1995, Pages 73-86

  Leckman, James F ^a,b   Goodman, Wayne K ^e   Anderson, George M ^a   Riddle, Mark A ^f   Chappell, Phillip B ^a,b   McSwiggan Hardin, Maureen T ^g   McDougle, Christopher J ^a,b,c,d   Scahill, Lawrence D ^a,b   Ort, Sharon I ^a,b   Pauls, David L ^a,b   Cohen, Donald J ^a,b   Price, Lawrence H ^b,c,d  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c YALE NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d Yale Medical Group   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

^g MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

3 methoxy 4 hydroxyphenylethylene glycol; 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid; CSF; Homovanillic acid; Norepinephrine; Obsessive compulsive disorder; Tourette's syndrome; Tryptophan; Tyrosine

Indexed keywords

4 HYDROXY 3 METHOXYPHENYLETHYLENE GLYCOL; 5 HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; HOMOVANILLIC ACID; NORADRENALIN; TRYPTOPHAN; TYROSINE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPULSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GILLES DE LA TOURETTE SYNDROME; HUMAN; MALE; OBSESSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BIOGENIC AMINES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; TOURETTE SYNDROME;

EID: 84970060564     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: 1740634X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1380241     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Anderson GM, Young JG, Cohen DJ (1979): A rapid liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tyrosine, tryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homo- vanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr 142: 501-505
2. Anderson GM, Young JG, Batter DK, Young SN, Cohen DJ, Shaywitz BA (1981): Determination of indoles and catechols in rat brain and pineal using liquid chromatography with fluorometric and amperometric detection. J Chromatogr 223:315-320
3. Anderson GM, Durkin TA, Morton JB, Cohen DJ (1988): Liquid chromatographic determination of urinary catecholamines after one-step alumina extraction. J Chromatog 424:373-377
4. Ang L, Borison R, Dysken M, David JM (1982): Reduced excretion of MHPG in Tourette syndrome. In Friedhoff AJ, Chase TN (eds), Advances in Neurology: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, Vol 35. New York, Raven Press, pp 171-175
5. Apter A, Pauls DL, Bliech A, Zohar AH, Kron S, Ratzoni G, Dycian A, Kotler M, Weizman A, Gadot N, Cohen DJ (1993): An epidemiological study of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in Israel. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:734-738
6. Barr LC, Goodman WK, McDougle CJ, Delgado PL, Heninger GR, Chamey DS, Price LH (1994): Tryptophan depletion in obsessive compulsive disorder patients responding to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:309-317
7. Borison RL, Arg L, Hamilton WJ, Diamond BI, David JM: Treatment approaches in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Brain Res Bull 11:205-208
8. Bomstein RA, Baker GB (1992): Urinary amines in adults with Tourette syndrome. Psych Res 43:277-285
9. Bornstein RA, Stefl ME, Hammond L (1990): A survey of Tourette syndrome patients and their families: The 1987 Ohio Tourette survey. J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci 2:275-281
10. Butler IJ, Koslow SH, Seifert WE, Caprioli RM, Singer HS (1979): Biogenic amine metabolism in Tourette syndrome. Ann Neurol 6:37-39
11. Chappell PB, Leckman JF, Bissette G, McSwiggan-Hardin MT, Nemeroff C, Cohen DJ (in press): Elevated levels of CSF corticotrophin releasing factor in Tourette syndrome: Comparison with obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry
12. Chappell PB, Riddle MA, Anderson GM, Scahill LD, Mc- Swiggan-Hardin MT, Walker DE, Cohen DJ, Leckman JF (1994): Enhanced stress responsivity of Tourette syndrome patients undergoing lumbar puncture. Biol Psychiatry 36:35-43
13. Chappell G, Goodman W, Greist J, Jenike M, Rasmussen S, White K, Hackett E, Gaffney M, Bick PA (1990): Results of a double-blind placebo controlled trial of a new serotonin uptake inhibitor, sertraline, in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 26:279-284
14. Clomipramine Study Group (1991): Clomipramine in the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:730-738
15. Cohen DJ, Shaywitz BA, Caparulo B, Young JG, Bowers MB Jr. (1979): Chronic multiple tics of Gilles de la Tourette's disease: CSF acid monoamine metabolites after probenecid administration. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35:245-250
16. Cohen DJ, Young JG, Nathanson JA, Shaywitz BA (1979): Clonidine in Tourette syndrome. Lancet 2:551-553
17. Cubeddu LX, Hoffmann IS, Davila J, Barbella YR, Ordaz P: Clonidine reduces elevated cerebrospinal fluid catecholamine levels in patients with essential hypertension. Life Sci 35:1365-1371
18. During MJ, Acworth IN, Wurtman RJ (1989): Dopamine release in rat striatum: Physiological coupling to tyrosine supply. J Neurochem 52:1449-1454
19. Eide I, Lolloch R, de Quattro V, Miano L, Dugger R, Van der Meulen J (1979): Raised cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine in some patients with primary hypertension. Hypertension 1:255-260
20. Fernstrom JD, Larin F, Wurtman RJ (1973): Correlations between brain tryptophan and plasma neutral amino acid levels following food consumption in rats. Life Sci 13: 517-524
21. George MS, Trimble MR, Ring HA, Sallee FR, Robertson MM (1993): Obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 150:93-97
22. Goetz CG, Tanner CM, Wilson RS, Carroll VS, Como PG, Shannon KM (1987): Clonidine and Gilles de la Tourettt syndrome: Double-blind study using objective rating methods. Ann Neurol 21:307-310
23. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Delgado PL, Heninger GR, Chamey DS (1989a): Efficacy of fluvoxa- mine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double-blind comparison with placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:36-42
24. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleisch- mann RL, Hill CL, Heninger GR, Chamey DS (1989b): The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS): I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:1006-1011
25. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Delgado P, Heninger GR, Charney DS (1989c): The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS): II. Validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:1012-1016
26. Goodman WK, Price LH, Degado PL, Palumbo J, Krystal JH, Rasmussen SA, Heninger GR, Chamey DS (1990a): Specificity of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: Comparison of fluvoxamine and disipramine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 577-585
27. Goodman WK, McDougle CJ, Price LH, Riddle MA, Pauls DL, Leckman JF (1990b): Beyond the serotonin hypothesis: A role for dopamine in some forms of obsessive compulsive disorder? J Clin Psychiatry 51:36-43
28. Grenhoff J, Svennson TH (1993): Prazosin modulates firing pattern of dopamine neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area. Eur J Pharmacol 233:79-84
29. Grenhoff J, Nisell M, Ferre S, Ashton-Jones C, Svensson TH (1993): Noradrenergic modulation of midbrain dopamine cell firing elicited by stimulation of the locus coerueleus in the rat. J Neural Transmission 93:11-25
30. Guyenet PG (1980): The coeruleospinal noradrenergic neurons anatomical and electrophysiological studies in the rat. Brain Res 189:121-133
31. Hamilton M (1959): The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Psychol 32:50-55
32. Hamilton M (1967): Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 6:278-296
33. Hanna GL, McCracken JT, Cantwell DP (1991): Prolactin in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical correlates and response to clomipramine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30:173-178
34. Herve D, Blanc G, Glowinski J, Tassin JP (1982): Reduction of dopamine utilization in the prefrontal cortex but not in the nucleus accumbens after selective destruction of noradrenergic fibers innervating the ventral tegmental area in the rat. Brain Res 237:510-516
35. Hollander E, Fay M, Liebowitz MR (1988): Clonidine and clomipramine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 145:1015-1017
36. Hollander E, DeCaria C, Nitescu A, Cooper T, Stover B, Gully R, Klein DF, Liebowitz MR (1991): Noradrenergic function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to clonidine and comparison to healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 37:161-177
37. Holzer J, Goodman WK, Price LH, Bear L, Leckman JF, Heninger GR (1994): Obsessive compulsive disorder with and without a chronic tic disorder: A comparison of symptoms in 70 patients. Br J Psychiatry 164:469-473
38. Insel TR (1992): Toward a neuroanatomy of obsessive- compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:739-744
39. Insel TR, Mueller EA, Alterman I, Linnoila M, Murphy DL (1985): Obsessive-compulsive disorder and serotonin: Is there a contradiction? Biol Psychiatry 20:1174-1188
40. Jagger J, Prusoff BA, Cohen DJ, Kidd KK, Carbonari CM, John K (1982): The epidemiology of Tourette's syndrome: A pilot study. Schizophren Bull 8:267-278
41. Knesevich JW (1982): Successful treatment of obsessive- compulsive disorder with clonidine hydrochloride. Am J Psychiatry 139:360-365
42. Lake CR, Ziegler MG, Eldridge R, Murphy DL (1977): Catecholamine metabolism in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 134:257-260
43. Leckman JF (1993): Tourette's syndrome. In Hollander E (ed), Obsessive-compulsive Related'Disorders. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association Press
44. Leckman JF, Peterson BS (1993): The pathogenesis of Tourette's syndrome: Epigenetic factors active in early CNS development. Biol Psychiatry 34:425-427
45. Leckman JF, Sholomskas D, Thompson WD, Belanger A, Weissman MM (1982): Best estimate of lifetime in psychiatric diagnosis: A methodologic study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:879-883
46. Leckman JF, Cohen DJ, Gertner JM, Ort SI, Harcherik DF (1984): Growth hormone response to clonidine in children ages 4-17: Tourette syndrome vs. children with short stature. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 23:174-181
47. Leckman JF, Ort S, Caruso KA, Anderson GM, Riddle MA, Cohen DJ (1986): Rebound phenomena in Tourette's syndrome after abrupt withdrawal of clonidine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:1168-1176
48. Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Berrettini WH, Anderson GM, Hardin MT, Chappell PB, Bisette G, Nemeroff CB, Goodman WK, Cohen DJ (1988): Elevated CSF dynorphin A[l- 8] in Tourette's syndrome. Life Sci 43:2015-2023
49. Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Hardin MT, Ort SI, Swartz KL, Stevenson J, Cohen DJ (1989): The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS): Initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28:566-573
50. Leckman JF, Dolansky ES, Hardin MT, Clubb M, Walkup JT, Stevenson J, Pauls DL (1990a): Perinatal factors in the expression of Tourette's syndrome: An exploratory study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29:220-226
51. Leckman JF, Goodman WK, Riddle MA, Hardin MT, Anderson GM (1990b): Low CSF 5HIAA and obsessions of violence: Report of two cases. Psych Res 33:95-99
52. Leckman JF, Hardin MT, Riddle MA, Stevenson J, Ort SI, Cohen DJ (1991a): Clonidine treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 324-328
53. Leckman JF, Knorr AM, Rasmusson AM, Cohen DJ (1991b): Another frontier for basal ganglia research: Tourette's syndrome and related disorders (letter). Trends Neurosci 14:94
54. Leckman JF, Pauls DL, Peterson BS, Riddle MA, Anderson GM, Cohen DJ (1992): Pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome: Clues from the clinical phenotype and natural history. In Chase TN, Friedhoff AJ, Cohen DJ (eds), Advances in Neurology—Tourette Syndrome: Genetics, Neurobiology, and Treatment, Vol 58. New York, Raven Press, pp 15-24
55. Leckman JF, Goodman WK, North WG, Chappell PB, Price LH, Pauls DL, Anderson GD, Riddle MA, McSwiggan- Hardin MT, McDougle CJ, Barr LC, Cohen DJ (1994): Elevated levels of CSF oxytocin in obsessive compulsive disorder: Comparison with Tourette's syndrome and healthy controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:782-792
56. Leckman JF, Pauls DL, Cohen DJ (in press-a): Tic disorders. In Blood FE, Kupfer D (eds), Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. New York, Raven Press
57. Leckman JF, Grice DE, Barr LC, de Vries ALC, Martin C, Cohen DJ, Goodman WK, Rasmussen SA (inpress-b): Tic- related vs non-tic-related obsessive compulsive disorder.
58. Lee MA, Cameron OG, Gurguis GNM, Glitz D, Smith CB, Hariharan CM, Abelson JL, Curtis CG (1990): Alpha-2 adrenoceptor status in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 27:1083-1093
59. Lehnert H, Wurtman RJ (1993): Amino acid control of neurotransmitter synthesis and release: Physiological and clinical implications. Psychother Psychosom 60:18-32
60. Leonard FIL, Swedo SE, Rapoport JL, Koby E V, Lenane MC, Cheslow DL, Hamburger SD (1989): Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with clomipramine and desipramine in children and adolescents: A double-blind crossover comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:1088-1092
61. Leonard HL, Swedo SE, Lenane MC, Rettew DC, Hamburger SD, Bartko JJ, Rapoport JL (1993): A 2- to 7-year followup study of 54 obsessive-compulsive children and adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:429-439
62. Lydiard RB, Ballenger JC, Ellinwood E, Laraia M, Austin F, Fossey M, Krishnan R, Goli V (1990): CSF monoamine metabolites in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Presented as a poster at the American Psychiatric Association meeting, May 5, 1990; New York, NY
63. McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Price LH, Delgado PL, Krystal JH, Chamey DS, Heninger GR (1990): Neuroleptic addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 146:652-654
64. McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, Barr LC, Heninger GR, Price LH (1993): The efficacy of fluvoxamine in ob: sessive compulsive disorder: Effects of comorbid chronic tic disorder. J din Psychopharmacol 13:354-358
65. McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, Lee NC, Heninger GR, Price LH (1994): Haloperidol addition in fluvoxamine- refractory obsessive compulsive disorder: A doubleblind, placebo-controlled study in patients with and without tics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:302-308
66. McKeith IG, Williams A, Nichol AR (1981): Clonidine in Tourette syndrome. Lancet 1:270-271
67. Mefford IN, Garrick NA (1989): Effects of xylazine on cerebrospinal fluid catecholamines in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 492:377-380
68. Muller N, Putz A, Klages U, Hofschuster E, Straube A, Ac- kenheil M (1994): Blunted growth hormone response to clonidine in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 19:335-341
69. Pauls DL, Hurst CR (1987): Schedule for Tourette's Syndrome and Other Behavioral Syndromes. New Haven, CT: Yale University Child Study Center, Revised
70. Pauls DL, Leckman JF (1986): The inheritance of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and associated behaviors: Evidence for autosomal dominant transmission. N Engl J Med 315:993-997
71. Pauls DL, Raymond CL, Stevenson JM, Leckman JF (1991): A family study of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 48:154-163
72. Perez-Cruet J, Chase TN, Murphy DL (1974): Dietary regulation of brain tryptophan metabolism by plasma ratio of free tryptophan and neutral amino acids in humans. Nature 248:693-695
73. Peterson BS, Riddle MA, Cohen DJ, Katz LD, Smith JC, Hardin MT, Leckman JF (1993): Reduced basal ganglia volumes in Tourette's syndrome using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques from magnetic resonance images. Neurology 43:941-949
74. Pigott TA, Pato MT, Bernstein SE, Grover GN, Hill JL, Tolliver TJ, Murphy DL (1990): Controlled comparisons of clomipramine and fluoxetine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 926-932
75. Pitman RK, Green RC, Jenike MA, Mesulam MM (1987): Clinical comparison of Tourette's disorder and obsessive- compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 144:1166-1171
76. Price RA, Pauls DL, Druger SD, Caine ED (1988): Family data support a dominant major gene for Tourette syndrome. Psychiatry Res 24:251-261
77. Rasmussen SA, Tsuang MT (1986): Clinical characteristics and family history in DSM-III Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 143:317-322
78. Rasmussen SA, Goodman WK, Woods SW, Heninger GR, Chamey DS (1987): Effects of yohimbine in obsessive- compulsive disorder. Psychopharmacology 93:308-313
79. Robertson MM (1989): The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: The current status. Br J Psychiatry 154:147-169
80. Robertson MM, Channon S, Baker J, Hynn D (1993): The psychopathology of Tourette's syndrome: A controlled study. Brit J Psychiatry 162:114-117
81. Siever LJ, Insel TR, Jimerson DC, Lake CR, Uhde TW, Aloi J, Murphy DL (1983): Growth hormone response to clonidine in obsessive-compulsive patients. Br J Psychiatry 142:184-187
82. Silverstein F, Smith CB, Johnston MV (1985): Effect of clonidine on platelet alpha 2-adrenoreceptors and plasma norepinephrine of children with Tourette syndrome. Devel Med Child Neurol 27:793-799
83. Singer HS, Tune LE, Butler IJ, Zaczek R, Coyle JT (1982): Clinical symptomatology, CSF neurotransmitter metabolites, and serum haloperidol levels in Tourette syndrome. In Friedhoff AJ, Chase TN (eds), Advances in Neurology: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, Vol 35. New York, Raven Press, pp 177
84. Singer HS, Reiss AL, Brown JE, Aylward EH, Shih B, Chee E, Harris EL, Reader MJ, Chase GA, Bryan RN, Denkla MB (1993): Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of children with Tourette's syndrome. Neurology 43:950- 956
85. Society of Actuaries (1959): Build and Blood Pressure Study. Chicago, IL, Author, pp 16
86. Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Kruesi MJP, Rettew DC, Listwak SJ, Berrettini W, Stipetic M, Hamburger S, Gold PW, Potter WZ, Rapoport JL (1992): Cerebrospinal fluid neurochemistry in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:29-36
87. Takano K, Ishiguro T (1993): A study of clinical pictures and monoamine metabolism of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Psych Neurol Japonica 95:1-29
88. Tassin JP, Lavielle S, Herve D, Blanc G, Thierry AM, Alvarez C, Berger B, Glowinski J (1979): Collateral sprouting and reduced activity of the rat mesocortical dopaminergic neurons after selective destruction of the ascending noradrenergic bundles. Brain Res 4:1569-1582
89. Thor6n P, Asberg M, Bertilsson L, Mellstrom B, Sjoqvist, Traskman L (1980): Clomipramine treatment of obsessive- compulsive disorder: II. Biochemical aspects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 37:1289-1294
90. Zohar J, Insel TR (1987): Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Psy- chobiological approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiology. Biol Psychiatry 22:667-687