Detecting the impact of bank and channel modification on invertebrate communities in Mediterranean temporary streams (Sardinia, SW Italy)

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 565, Issue , 2016, Pages 1138-1150

  Buffagni, Andrea ^a   Tenchini, Roberta ^a,b   Cazzola, Marcello ^a   Erba, Stefania ^a   Balestrini, Raffaella ^a   Belfiore, Carlo ^b   Pagnotta, Romano ^a  

^a WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TUSCIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Benthic taxa; Ecological status; Endemism; MRT; Tree related habitat; WFD

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FORESTRY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REINFORCEMENT; RESTORATION; RIVER POLLUTION; RIVERS; SUBSTRATES;

BENTHIC TAXA; ECOLOGICAL STATUS; ENDEMISM; INVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATION; MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION TREES; TREE-RELATED HABITAT;

BANK PROTECTION;

BENTHOS; ENDEMISM; FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM; HABITAT; INVERTEBRATE; RIVER BANK; RIVER CHANNEL;

AQUATIC SPECIES; ARTICLE; BENTHOS; BIODIVERSITY; CATCHMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECOSYSTEM; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT QUALITY; HABITAT SELECTION; INVERTEBRATE; ITALY; LAND USE; MACROPHYTE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEM; SPECIES ENDEMICITY; STREAM (RIVER); VEGETATION; WATER POLLUTION; ANIMAL; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; PROCEDURES; RIVER; SEASON;

ITALY; SARDINIA;

ALNUS; INVERTEBRATA;

ANIMALS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ECOSYSTEM; INVERTEBRATES; ITALY; RIVERS; SEASONS;

EID: 84970024065     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.154     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Aho, K., Foundational and Applied Statistics for Biologists Using R. 2014, CRC/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL (ISBN: 978-1-4398-7338-0).
2. Aho, K., asbio: A Collection of Statistical Tools for Biologists. R package version 1.1–5. February 19, 2015. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=asbio, 2015.
3. Akritas, M.G., The rank transform method in some two-factor designs. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 85 (1990), 73–78.
4. Armitage, P.D., Moss, D., Wright, J.F., Furse, M.T., The performance of a new biological water quality score system based on macroinvertebrates over a wide range of unpolluted running-water sites. Water Res. 17 (1983), 333–347.
5. Astudillo, M.R., Novelo-Gutiérrez, R., Vázquez, G., García-Franco, J.G., Ramírez, A., Relationships between land cover, riparian vegetation, stream characteristics, and aquatic insects in cloud forest streams, Mexico. Hydrobiologia 768 (2016), 167–181, 10.1007/s10750-015-2545-1.
6. Balestrini, R., Sacchi, E., Tidili, D., Delconte, C.A., Buffagni, A., Factors affecting agricultural nitrogen removal in riparian strips: examples from groundwater-dependent ecosystems of the Po Valley (Northern Italy). Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 221 (2016), 132–144, 10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.034.
7. Ball, J.E., Bêche, L.A., Mendez, P.K., Resh, V.H., Biodiversity in Mediterranean-climate streams of California. Hydrobiologia 719 (2013), 187–213.
8. Barbour, M.T., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, G.E., Stribling, J.B., Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Wadable Streams and Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. second ed., 1999, USEPA, Office of Water, Washington, DC EPA 841-b-99-002. (153 pp).
9. Beisel, J.-N., Usseglio-Polatera, P., Moreteau, J.-C., The spatial heterogeneity of a river bottom: a key factor determining macroinvertebrate communities. Hydrobiologia 422:423 (2000), 163–171.
10. Beisel, J.-N., Usseglio-Polatera, P., Thomas, S., Moreteau, J.-C., Stream community structure in relation to spatial variation: the influence of mesohabitat characteristic. Hydrobiologia 389 (1998), 73–88.
11. Benjamini, Y., Hochberg, Y., Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol. 57 (1995), 289–300.
12. Benjamini, Y., Yekutieli, D., The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency. Ann. Stat. 29 (2001), 1165–1188.
13. Bisconti, R., Canestrelli, D., Tenchini, R., Belfiore, C., Buffagni, A., Nascetti, G., Cryptic diversity and multiple origins of the widespread mayfly species group Baetis rhodani (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) on northwestern Mediterranean islands. 2016 (Unpublished data).
14. Briers, R.A., Gee, J.H., Riparian forestry management and adult stream insects. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 8 (2004), 545–549.
15. Broadmedow, S., Nisbet, T.R., The effects of riparian forest management on the freshwater environment: a literature review of best management practice. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 8:3 (2004), 286–305.
16. Brooks, A.J., Haeusler, T., Reinfelds, I., Williams, S., Hydraulic microhabitats and the distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in riffles. Freshw. Biol. 50 (2005), 331–344.
17. Brunner, E., Dette, H., Munk, A., Box-type approximations in nonparametric factorial designs. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 92:440 (2012), 1494–1502, 10.1080/01621459.1997.10473671.
18. Buchanan, T.J., Somers, W.P., Discharge measurements at gaging stations. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, 1969 (chap A8, 65 p) http://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3a8/.
19. Buffagni, A., Belfiore, C., MacrOper.ICM software ver 1.0.5. Classificazione dei fiumi italiani per la WFD sulla base dei macroinvertebrati bentonici. 2013, CNR-IRSA & UniTuscia-DEB, Roma, Italia (April 2015). (In Italian).
20. Buffagni, A., Erba, S., Macroinvertebrati acquatici e Direttiva 2000/60/EC (WFD) - Parte A. Metodo di campionamento per i fiumi guadabili. IRSA-CNR Notiziario dei Metodi Analitici, Marzo 2007, 2–27., 2007 (ISSN 1974-8345). (in Italian) http://www.life-inhabit.it/cnr-irsa-activities/en/download/methods-news-irsa.
21. Buffagni, A., Kemp, J.L., Looking beyond the shores of the United Kingdom: addenda for the application of River Habitat Survey in South European rivers. J. Limnol. 61 (2002), 199–214, 10.4081/jlimnol.2002.199.
22. Buffagni, A., Belfiore, C., Erba, S., Kemp, J.L., Cazzola, M., A review of Ephemeroptera species distribution in Italy: gains from recent studies and areas for future focus. Gaino, E., (eds.) Research update on Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, 2003, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy, 279–290.
23. Buffagni, A., Cazzola, M., López-Rodríguez, M.J., Alba-Tercedor, J., Armanini, D.G., Distribution and ecological preferences of European freshwater organisms. Schmidt-Kloiber, A., Hering, D., (eds.) Ephemeroptera, Volume 3, 2009, Pensoft Publisher, Sofia-Moskow (ISBN 954642508-7). (254 pp).
24. Buffagni, A., Demartini, D., Terranova, L., Manuale di applicazione del metodo CARAVAGGIO - Guida al rilevamento e alla descrizione degli habitat fluviali. 1/i, 2013, Monografie dell'Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque del C.N.R., Roma (301 pp, ISBN: 9788897655008) www.life-inhabit.it/it/download/tutti-file/doc_download/123-manuale-caravaggio (In Italian).
25. Buffagni, A., Erba, S., Armanini, D.G., The lentic–lotic character of Mediterranean rivers and its importance to aquatic invertebrate communities. Aquat. Sci. 72 (2010), 45–60, 10.1007/s00027-009-0112-4.
26. Buffagni, A., Erba, S., Cazzola, M., Kemp, J.L., The AQEM multimetric system for the southern Italian Apennines: assessing the impact of water quality and habitat degradation on pool macroinvertebrates in Mediterranean rivers. Hydrobiologia 516 (2004), 313–329, 10.1007/978-94-007-0993-5_19.
27. Buffagni, A., Erba, S., Furse, M.T., A simple procedure to harmonize class boundaries of assessment systems at the pan-European scale. Environ. Sci. Pol. 10 (2007), 709–724, 10.1016/j.envsci.2007.03.005.
28. Buffagni, A., Erba, S., Pagnotta, R., Definizione dello stato ecologico dei fiumi sulla base dei macroinvertebrati bentonici per la 2000/60/EC (WFD): il sistema di classificazione MacrOper. IRSA-CNR Notiziario dei Metodi Analitici, Numero Speciale 2008. 2008, 24–46 (ISSN 1974-8345). (in Italian).
29. Buffagni, A., Kemp, J.L., Erba, S., Belfiore, C., Hering, D., Moog, O., A Europe wide system for assessing the quality of rivers using macroinvertebrates: the AQEM project and its importance for southern Europe (with special emphasis on Italy). J. Limnol. 60 (2001), 39–48, 10.4081/jlimnol.2001.s1.39.
30. Cao, Y., Bark, A.W., Williams, W.P., Measuring the responses of macroinvertebrate communities to water pollution: a comparison of multivariate approaches, biotic and diversity indices. Hydrobiologia 341 (1996), 1–19.
31. Cianficconi, F., Moretti, G.P., Zoogeografical aspects of the trichopteran fauna (Insecta Trichoptera) of Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. Atti dei Convegni Lincei 85 (1990), 493–519.
32. Core Team, R., Changes in R. From 3.0.3 to 3.1.1, by Hornik K. & A. Zeileis. The R Journal 6 (2014), 221–235.
33. Dallas, H.F., The influence of biotope availability on macroinvertebrate assemblages in South African rivers: implications for aquatic bioassessment. Freshwat. Biol. 52 (2007), 370–380.
34. De Girolamo, A.M., Lo Porto, A., Pappagallo, G., Tzoraki, O., Gallart, F., The hydrological status concept: application at a Temporary River (Candelaro, Italy). River Research & Application 31 (2015), 892–903, 10.1002/rra.278.
35. de Jong, Y.S.D.M., Fauna Europaea Version 2.6., 2013 (Web Service available online at) http://www.faunaeur.org.
36. De Waele, J., Martina, M.L.V., Sanna, L., Cabras, S., Cossu, Q.A., Flash flood hydrology in karstic terrain: Flumineddu Canyon, central-east Sardinia. Geomorphology 120 (2010), 162–173.
37. De'ath, G., Multivariate regression trees: a new technique for modeling species-environment relationships. Ecology 83 (2002), 1105–1117.
38. Dinno, A., dunn.test: Dunn's Test of Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums. R package version 1.2.3. February 25, 2015. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dunn.test, 2015.
39. Dufrêne, M., Legendre, P., Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol. Monogr. 67 (1997), 345–366.
40. Dunn, O.J., Multiple comparisons using rank sums. Technometrics 6 (1964), 241–252.
41. Dunnett, C.W., A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 50 (1955), 1096–1121.
42. Dunning, T., Accurate methods for the statistics of surprise and coincidence. Comput. Ling. 19 (1993), 61–74.
43. EC, Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Off. J. Eur. Communities L 206 (1992), 1–43 22/07/1992.
44. EC, Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water. Off. J. Eur. Communities L 327 (2000), 1–72.
45. EC, Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks. Off. J. Eur. Communities L 288:27 (2007), 1–8.
46. Erba, S., Furse, M.T., Balestrini, R., Christodoulides, A., Ofenböck, T., van de Bund, W., Wasson, J.-G., Buffagni, A., The validation of common European class boundaries for river benthic macroinvertebrates to facilitate the intercalibration process of the Water Framework Directive. Hydrobiologia 633 (2009), 17–31, 10.1007/s10750-009-9873-y.
47. Erba, S., Pace, G., Demartini, D., Di Pasquale, D., Dörflinger, G., Buffagni, A., Land use at the reach scale as a major determinant for benthic invertebrate community in Mediterranean rivers of Cyprus. Ecol. Indic. 15 (2015), 477–491, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.010.
48. Feio, M.J., Ferreira, J., Buffagni, A., Erba, S., Dörflingerd, G., Ferréol, M., Munné, A., Prat, N., Tziortzis, I., Urbanič, G., Comparability of ecological quality boundaries in the Mediterranean basin using freshwater benthic invertebrates. Statistical options and implications. Sci. Total Environ. 476:477 (2014), 777–784, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.085.
49. Feld, C.K., Hering, D., Community structure or function: effects of environmental stress on benthic macroinvertebrates at different spatial scales. Freshw. Biol. 52 (2007), 1380–1399.
50. Florsheim, J.L., Mount, J.F., Chin, A., Bank erosion as a desirable attribute of rivers. Bioscience 58:6 (2008), 519–529.
51. Fochetti, R., De Biase, A., Belfiore, C., Audisio, P., Faunistica e Biogeografia regionale dei plecotteri Italiani (Plecoptera). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 76 (1998), 3–19 (In Italian).
52. Fochetti, R., Sezzi, E., Tierno de Figueroa, J.M., Modica, M.V., Oliverio, M., Molecular systematics and biogeography of the western Mediterranean stonefly genus Tyrrhenoleuctra (Insecta, Plecoptera). J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 47 (2009), 328–336.
53. Friberg, N., Impacts and indicators of change in lotic ecosystems. Advanced review. WIREs Water 2014:1 (2014), 513–531, 10.1002/wat2.1040.
54. Friberg, N., Bonada, N., Bradley, D.C., Dunbar, M.J., Edwards, F.K., Grey, J., Hayes, R.B., Hildrew, A.G., Lamouroux, N., Trimmer, M., Woodward, G., Biomonitoring of human impacts in natural ecosystems: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Adv. Ecol. Res. 44 (2011), 2–49.
55. Friberg, N., Sandin, L., Pedersen, M.L., Assessing impacts of hydromorphological degradation on macroinvertebrate indicators in rivers: examples, constraints and outlook. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 5 (2009), 86–96.
56. González, M., Graça, M.A., Influence of detritus on the structure of the invertebrate community in a small Portuguese stream. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 90 (2005), 534–545.
57. González-Trujill, J.D., Trait-based responses of caddisfly assemblages to the partial channelization of a high-Andean stream. Hydrobiologia 766 (2016), 381–392.
58. Graça, S.A., Pinto, P., Cortes, R., Coimbra, N., Oliveira, S., Morais, M., Carvalho, M.J., Malo, J., Factors affecting macroinvertebrate richness and diversity in Portuguese streams: a two-scale analysis. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 89 (2004), 151–164.
59. Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., López-Rodríguez, M.J., Distribution and ecological preferences of European freshwater organisms. Schmidt-Kloiber, A., Hering, D., (eds.) Trichoptera, Volume 1, 2008, Pensoft Publisher, Sofia-Moskow (388 pp).
60. Greenwood, M.J., Harding, J.S.D., Niyogi, K., McIntosh, A.R., Improving the effectiveness of riparian management for aquatic invertebrates in a degraded agricultural landscape: stream size and land-use legacies. J. Appl. Ecol. 49 (2012), 213–222, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02092.
61. Gregory, K.J., The human role in changing river channels. Geomorphology 79 (2006), 172–191.
62. Harding, J.S., Historic deforestation and the fate of endemic invertebrate species in streams. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 37 (2003), 333–345.
63. Horsák, M., Bojková, J., Zahrádková, S., Omesová, M., Helešic, J., Impact of reservoirs and channelization on lowland river macroinvertebrates: a case study from Central Europe. Limnologica 39 (2009), 140–151.
64. Hubble, T.C.T., Docker, B.B., Rutherfurd, I.D., The role of riparian trees in maintaining riverbank stability: a review of Australian experience and practice. Ecol. Eng. 36 (2010), 292–304.
65. Hughes, S.J., Santos, J., Ferreira, T., Mendes, A., Evaluating the response of biological assemblages as potential indicators for restoration measures in an intermittent Mediterranean river. Environ. Manag. 46 (2010), 285–301.
66. Johnson, R.K., Furse, M.T., Hering, D., Sandin, L., Ecological relationships between stream communities and spatial scale: implications for designing catchment level monitoring programmes. Freshw. Biol. 52 (2007), 939–958.
67. Kathman, R.D., Brinkhurst, R.O., Guide to the Freshwater Oligochaetes of North America. 1998, Aquatic Resources Center, College Grove, Tennessee USA (264 pp).
68. Kier, G., Kreft, H., Ming Lee, T., Jetz, W., Ibisch, P.L., Nowicki, C., Mutke, J., Barthlott, W., A global assessment of endemism and species richness across island and mainland regions. PNAS 106:23 (2009), 9322–9327, 10.1073/pnas.0810306106.
69. Konietschke, F., Hothorn, L.A., Brunner, E., Rank-based multiple test procedures sand simultaneous confidence intervals. Electron. J. Stat 6:2012 (2012), 738–759, 10.1214/12-EJS691.
70. Konietschke, F., Placzek, M., Schaarschmidt, F., Hothorn, L.A., nparcomp: an R software package for nonparametric multiple comparisons and simultaneous confidence intervals. J. Stat. Softw. 64 (2015), 1–17 http://www.jstatsoft.org/v64/i09/.
71. Legendre, P., Indicator Species: Computation. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. 4, 2013, Elsevier Inc., 264–268, 10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00430-5.
72. Legendre, P., Legendre, L., Numerical Ecology. Developments in Environmental Modelling 24. Third English ed., 2012, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam.
73. Leitão, F., Hughes, S.J., Máximo, I., Atanasova, N., Furtado, A., Chicaro, L., Habitat-oriented sampling of macroinvertebrates affects the determination of ecological status in temporary Mediterranean river systems. River Res. Applic. 30 (2014), 1233–1247.
74. Lepori, F., Palm, D., Malmqvist, B., Effects of stream restoration on ecosystem functioning: detritus retentiveness and decomposition. J. Appl. Ecol. 42 (2005), 228–238.
75. Litvan, M.E., Stewart, T.W., Pierce, C.L., Larson, C.J., Effects of grade control structures on the macroinvertebrate assemblage of an agriculturally impacted stream. River Res. Appl. 24 (2008), 218–233, 10.1002/rra.1063.
76. Manariotis, I.D., Yannopoulos, P.C., Impact of human activities and infrastructure works on hydro morphological characteristics of Alfeios River, Greece. Global NEST J 16:1 (2014), 136–145.
77. Mason, C.F., Macdonald, S.M., Hussey, A., Structure, management and conservation value of the riparian woody plant community. Biol. Conserv. 29 (1984), 201–216.
78. MATTM, Italian Ministry of Environment and Land and Sea Protection. Ministerial Decree 260/2010. ‘Regolamento recante i Criteri tecnici per la classificazione dello stato dei corpi idrici superficiali, per la modifica delle norme tecniche del decreto legislativo 3 aprile 2006, n. 152, recante norme in materia ambientale, predisposto ai sensi dell'articolo 75, comma 3, del medesimo decreto legislativo’. Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana 30 7th February 2011. 2010 (In Italian).
79. Mažeica, S., Sullivan, P., Watzin, M.C., Hession, W.C., Understanding stream geomorphic state in relation to ecological integrity: evidence using habitat assessments and macroinvertebrates. Environ. Manag. 34:5 (2004), 669–683.
80. McCormick, D.P., Harrison, S.S.C., Direct and indirect effects of riparian canopy on juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and brown trout, Salmo trutta, in south-west Ireland. Fish. Manag. Ecol. 18 (2011), 444–455.
81. Médail, F., Quézel, P., Biodiversity hotspots in the Mediterranean Basin: setting global conservation priorities. Conserv. Biol. 13:6 (1999), 1510–1513.
82. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Wetlands and Water Synthesis. 2005, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
83. Miserendino, M.L., Casaux, R., Archangelsky, M., Di Prinzio, C.Y., Brand, C., Kutschker, A.M., Assessing land-use effects on water quality, in-stream habitat, riparian ecosystems and biodiversity in Patagonian northwest streams. Sci. Total Environ. 409 (2011), 612–624.
84. Monaghan, K.A., Soares, A.M.V.M., The bioassessment of fish and macroinvertebrates in a Mediterranean–Atlantic climate: habitat assessment and concordance between contrasting ecological samples. Ecol. Indic. 10 (2010), 184–191.
85. Moore, R.C., On Log-Likelihood-Ratios and the significance of rare events. Proceedings of the 2004. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Barcelona, Spain, 2004, 333–340.
86. Mueller, M., Pander, J., Geist, J., The effects of weirs on structural stream habitat and biological communities. J. Appl. Ecol. 48 (2011), 1450–1461, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02035.x.
87. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., Kent, J., Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403 (2000), 853–858.
88. Negishi, J.N., Inoue, M., Nunokawa, M., Effects of channelisation on stream habitat in relation to a spate and flow refugia for macroinvertebrates in northern Japan. Freshw. Biol. 47 (2002), 1515–1529.
89. New, T.R., Insect conservation on islands: setting the scene and defining the needs. J. Insect Conserv. 12 (2008), 197–204.
90. Nimmo, D.G., Haslem, A., Radford, J.Q., Hall, M., Bennett, A.F., Riparian tree cover enhances the resistance and stability of woodland bird communities during an extreme climatic event. J. Appl. Ecol. 53 (2016), 449–458.
91. Obolewski, K., Gotkiewicz, W., Strzelczak, A., Osadowski, Z., Astel, A.M., Influence of anthropogenic transformations of river bed on plant and macrozoobenthos communities. Environ. Monit. Assess. 173 (2011), 747–763.
92. Ouellette, M.-H., Legendre, P., ) MVPARTwrap: Additional Features for Package mvpart. ‘MVPARTwrap’, July 2, 2014. R package version 0.1–9.2. http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/MVPARTwrap/, 2014.
93. Petkovska, V., Urbanič, G., The links between morphological parameters and benthic invertebrate assemblages, and general implications for hydromorphological river management. Ecohydrology 8 (2015), 67–82.
94. Pinto, P., Rosado, J., Morais, M., Antunes, I., Assessment, methodology for southern siliceous basins in Portugal. Hydrobiologia 516 (2004), 191–214.
95. Poesen, J.W.A., Hooke, J.M., Erosion, flooding and channel management in Mediterranean environments of southern Europe. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 21 (1997), 157–199, 10.1177/030913339702100201.
96. Poff, N.L., Zimmerman, J.K., Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows. Freshw. Biol. 55 (2010), 194–205.
97. Quinn, J., Effects of rural land use (especially forestry) and riparian management stream habitat. NZ J For February, 2005 (2005), 16–19.
98. Quinn, J.M., Cooper, A.B., Davies-Colley, R.J., Rutherford, J.C., Williamson, R.B., Land use effects on habitat, water quality, periphyton, and benthic invertebrates in Waikato, New Zealand, hill country streams. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 31:5 (1997), 579–597, 10.1080/00288330.1997.951679.
99. RAS, Sardinia Autonomous Region. Water Protection Plan. ‘Piano Tutela delle Acque. Linee Generali. Approvazione Giunta Regionale con D.G.R. 47/18 del 5 ottobre 2005’. http://www.regione.sardegna.it/documenti/1_13_20060707112937.pdf, 2005 (In Italian).
100. RAS, Sardinia Autonomous Region. Sardinia Water Bodies Characterization. ‘Caratterizzazione dei corpi idrici della Sardegna. “Relazione generale” Decreto del ministero dell'ambiente e della tutela del territorio e del mare N. 131 del 16 giugno 2008’. Delibera del Comitato Istituzionale dell'Autorità di Bacino della Sardegna n. 4 del 13/10/2009., 2009 89 pp https://www.regione.sardegna.it/documenti/1_73_20091210120722.pdf (In Italian).
101. Raven, P.J., Fox, P., Everard, M., Holmes, N.T.H., Dawson, F.H., River Habitat Survey: a new system for classifying rivers according to their habitat quality. Boon, P.J., Howell, D.L., (eds.) Freshwater Quality: Defining the Indefinable?, 1997, The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, 215–234.
102. Raven, P.J., Holmes, N.T.H., Dawson, F.H., Fox, P.J.A., Everard, M., Fozzard, I.R., Rouen, K.J., River Habitat Survey, the physical character of rivers and streams in the UK and Isle of Man. River Habitat Survey No. 2, May 1998, 1998, The Environment Agency, Bristol, 86.
103. Rios, L.R., Bailey, R.C., Relationship between riparian vegetation and stream benthic communities at three spatial scales. Hydrobiologia 553 (2006), 153–160, 10.1007/s10750-005-0868-z.
104. Rios-Touma, B., Prescott, C., Axtell, S., Kondolf, G.M., Habitat restoration in the context of watershed prioritization: the ecological performance of urban stream restoration projects in Portland, Oregon. River Res. Appl. 31:6 (2014), 755–766, 10.1002/rra.2769.
105. Rivosecchi, L., Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque interne italiane. Ditteri (Diptera). No 28. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche AQ/1/206. 1984, 177 (In Italian).
106. Sabater, S., Butturini, A., Clement, J.C., Burt, T., Dowrick, D., Hefting, M., Maître, V., Pinay, G., Postolache, C., Rzepecki, M., Sabater, F., Nitrogen removal by riparian buffers along a European climatic gradient: patterns and factors of variation. Ecosystems 6 (2003), 20–30.
107. Schmetterling, D.A., Clancy, C.G., Brandt, T.M., Effects of Riprap Bank reinforcement on stream salmonids in the Western United States. Fisheries 26:7 (2001), 6–23.
108. Shannon, C.E., Weaver, W., The Mathematical Theory of Communication. 1949, The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL.
109. Snyder, C.D., Johnson, Z.B., Macroinvertebrate assemblage recovery following a catastrophic flood and debris flows in an Appalachian mountain stream. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 25 (2006), 825–840.
110. Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J., Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. second ed., 1981, Freeman, New York (ISBN 0–7167–2411-1).
111. Stein, E.D., Cover, M.R., Fetscher, A.E., O'Reilly, C., Guardado, R., Solek, C.W., Reach-scale geomorphic and biological effects of localized streambank armoring. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 49 (2013), 780–792.
112. Stein, E.D., Cover, M., O'Reilly, C., Hayes, J.J., Fetscher, A.E., Ambrose, R., Fong, L.S., Guardado, R., Solek, C., Kondolf, G.M., Alford, C., Zuri, C., Evaluation of stream condition indicators for determining effects of direct hydromodification via stream bank armoring. Southern California Costal Water Research Project, State Water Resources Control Board, Technical Report, 643, 2011 (157 pp).
113. Stoch, F., How many endemic species? Species richness assessment and conservation priorities in Italy. Bel. J. Entomol. 2 (2000), 125–133.
114. Strayer, D.L., Challenges for freshwater invertebrate conservation. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 25:2 (2006), 271–287.
115. Sudduth, E.B., Meyer, J.L., Effects of bioengineered streambank stabilization on bank habitat and macroinvertebrates in urban streams. Environ. Manag. 38:2 (2006), 218–226, 10.1007/s00267-004-0381-6.
116. Surasinghe, T.D., Baldwin, R.F., Importance of riparian forest buffers in conservation of stream biodiversity: responses to land uses by stream-associated salamanders across two southeastern temperate ecoregions. J. Herpetol. 49:1 (2015), 83–94, 10.1670/14-003.
117. Tews, J., Brose, U., Grimm, V., Tielbörger, K., Wichmann, M.C., Schwager, M., Jeltsch, F., Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity: the importance of keystone structures. J. Biogeogr. 31 (2004), 79–92.
118. Therneau, T.M., Atkinson, B., Ripley, B., Oksanen, J., De'ath, G., Multivariate partitioning. Package ‘mvpart’, July 2, 2014. R Package Version 1.6-2, 2014 http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/mvpart/.
119. Thomas, A.G.B., Soldán, T., Baetis ingridae n. sp., Ephéméroptère nouveau de Corse (Baetidae). Ann. Limnol. 23:1 (1987), 23–26 (In French).
120. Thorne, R.S., Williams, W.P., The response of benthic macroinvertebrates to pollution in developing countries: a multimetric system of bioassessment. Freshw. Biol. 37 (1997), 671–686.
121. Wyżga, B., Amirowicz, A., Oglęcki, P., Hajdukiewicz, H., Radecki-Pawlik, A., Zawiejska, J., Mikuś, P., Response of fish and benthic invertebrate communities to constrained channel conditions in a mountain river: case study of the Biała, Polish Carpathians. Limnologica — Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 46, 2014, 58–69.
122. Zrelli, S., Boumaiza, M., Bejaoui, M., Gattolliat, J.L., Sartori, M., New reports of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Tunisia. Rev. Suisse Zool. 118 (2011), 3–10.