Jury trial and adversary procedure in Russia: Reform of Soviet inquisitorial procedure or democratic window-dressing?

Law in Eastern Europe

Volumn 58, Issue , 2008, Pages 141-180

  Thaman, Stephen C ^a  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84969199630     PISSN: 0075823X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (123)

1. A.P. Chekhov, Sobranie Sochinenii Vol. 7 (State Publishing House of Fictional Literature, Moscow, 1956), 199.
2. Stephen C. Thaman, "The Resurrection of Trial by Jury in Russia", 31 Stanford Journal of International and Comparative Law (1995), 70.
3. Samuel Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials under the Last Three Tsars (Praeger, New York, 1953), 43.
4. Henrike Franz, Die Hauptverhandlung im Russischen Strafverfahren (Dr. Köster, Berlin, 2000), 217
5. I.B. Mikhailovskaia, Tseli, funktsii i printsipy Rossiiskogo ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva (Prospekt, Moscow, 2003), 69.
6. S.B. Romazin, "Die Strafprozeßordnung und die Rolle der Staatsanwaltschaft", Recht in Ost und West (1992) No.2, 53-56.
7. I.L. Petrukhin, Teoreticheskie osnovy reformy ugolovnogo protessa v Rossii Part II (Prospekt, Moscow, 2005), 122
8. Konstitutsionyi sud Rossiiskoi Federatsii: Postanovleniia. Opredeleniia 1999 (Iurist", Moscow, 2000), 78
9. see Stephen C. Thaman, Comparative Criminal Procedure: A Casebook Approach (Carolina Academic Press, Durham, NC, 2002), 181.
10. "O kontseptsii sudebnoi reformy", VVS RSFSR (1991) No.44 item 1435
11. Kontseptsiia sudebnoi reformy v Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Respublika, Moscow, 1992), 62 (hereinafter "Concept of Judicial Reform")
12. I. L. Petrukhin, "Sud prisiazhnykh: Problemy i perspektivy", Gosudarstvo i pravo (2001) No.3, 8.
13. See Claus Roxin, Strafverfahrensrecht (Beck, München, 24th ed. 1995), 50
14. Wolfgang Wohlers, Entstehung und Funktion der Staatsanwaltschaft (Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, 1994), 28-31.
15. See I. F. Demidov, "Proekt UPK v svete ego osnovnykh poniatii", in Sudebnaia reforma v Rossii: Problemy sovershenstvovaniia protsessual'nogo zakonodatel'stva (Gorodets, Moscow, 2001), 233-235
16. Peter H. Solomon, Jr. and Todd S. Foglesong, Courts and Transition in Russia: The Challenge of Judicial Reform (Westview, Boulder, CO, 2000), 126.
17. Stanislaw Pomorski, "Justice in Siberia: A Case Study of a Lower Criminal Court in the city of Krasnoyarsk", 34 Communist and Post-Communist Studies (2001), 462.
18. Jeffrey Toobin, "Swing Shift", New Yorker, 12 September 2005, 48.
19. Peter H. Solomon, Jr., "Putin's Judicial Reform: Making Judges Accountable as well as Independent", 11 East European Constitutional Review (2002), 119
20. Gordon B. Smith, Reforming the Russian Legal System (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1996), 16
21. Human Rights Watch, Confessions at Any Cost: Police Torture in Russia (Human Rights Watch, New York, 1999), 115.
22. Evgenii Natarov, "Sudy Bogdykhanov", Gazeta. Ru., 26 November 2003, available at >http://www.gazeta.ru/comments/expert/67544.shtml< (Indem: 11.14-30.03).
23. "As Increasing Executive-Branch Influence on the Judiciary is Decried", RFE-RL, 11 August 2004.
24. Grigorii Vdovin, "Razrabotka reformy zaniala okolo chetyrekh mesiatsev", Strana ru, 26 May 2001, available at >http://strana.ru/state/kremlin/2001/05/26/9900875332.html<.
25. Sergei Pashin, "Mertvye dushi?", Novye izvestiia, 11 September 2003
26. Vladislav Kulikov, "Sud'i seli", Rossiiskaia gazeta, 28 January 2004 (Indem: 1.25-2.7.04).
27. See, also, Tamara Morshchakova, "Printsip nezavisimosti i mekhanizm zavisimosti", Gazeta.ru., 31 March 2005, available at >http://www/gazeta/ru/comments/2005/03/31-x-261669.shtml<
28. Andrew Jack, "Justice System", Financial Times, 9 April 2001, reprinted in Pericles Russian Law Letter, available at >http://www.pericles.ru<.
29. see Konstantin Poleskov, "Tudy-sudy: Tainy soveshchatel'nykh komnat", Novaia gazeta, 5-8 August 2004, 10-15, available at >http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2004/56/00.html<.
30. Zoia Svetova, "Astrakhanskie uzly", Russkii kur'er (web-sait), 28 August 2003 (Indem: 8.22-28.03).
31. "Supreme Court Upholds Dismissal of Judge for Criticizing Prosecutors", RFE-RL, 20 January 2005.
32. Ol'ga Kudeshkina, "Otkrytoe pis'mo prezidentu RF V.V. Putinu", Novaia gazeta, 14 March 2005, available at >http://2005/novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2005/18n/n18n-s42. shtml<.
33. Ekaterina Zapodinskaia, "Samyi Basmannyi Sud v Mire", Kommersant" Vlast', 3 November 2003, available at >http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?docsid=424963<.
34. See, also, Basmannoe pravosudie: Uroki somooborony. Posobie dlia advokatov (Publichnaia Reputatsiia, Moscow, 2004), 83-84.
35. Hans-Heiner Kühne, Strafprozessrecht (C.F. Müller, Heidelberg, 6th ed. 2003), 64-65.
36. see Marina Gridneva, "Sud prodazhnykh", Moskovskii komsomolets, 3 July 2003 (Indem: 7.1-7.03).
37. Ivan Sukhov, "Nastorazhivaiushchii pokazatel'", Vremia novostei, 28 January 2004, available at >http://www.vremya.ru/2004/13/4/90137.html<.
38. "Public Confidence in Judges Weak", RFE-RL, 18 October 2004.
39. Mikhail Krasnov, "Is the 'Concept of Judicial Reform' Timely?", 11 East European Constitutional Review (2002), 94.
40. Peter Krug, "Departure From the Centralized Model: The Russian Supreme Court and Constitutional Control of Legislation", 37 Virginia Journal of International Law (1997), 735-736.
41. Stephen Holmes, "Reforming Russia's Courts: Introduction", 11 East European Constitutional Review (2002), 90-91.
42. V. V. Mel'nik, Iskusstvo dokazavaniia v sostiazatel'nom protsesse (Delo, Moscow, 2000), 42.
43. "Miniust podvodit itogi raboty sudov", Rossiiskaia iustitsiia (1996) No.8, 4.
44. see "Pokushenie na nezavisimost' suda: Sovremennye khroniki", Rossiiskaia iustitsiia (2000) No.2, 3
45. I.L. Petrukhin, "Sudebnaia vlast', razdavlennaia politseiskim sapogom", Rossiiskaia iustitsiia (2000) No.2, 4-5.
46. V. Stepalin, "Sudebnyi marafon s prepiatstviiami", Rossiiskaia iustitsiia (1998) No.3, 7.
47. Stephen C. Thaman, "Europe's New Jury Systems", in Neil Vidmar (ed.), World Jury Systems (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000), 325-326.
48. Georgii Tselms, "Gospoda prisiazhnye, zabud'te [⋯]", Russkii kur'er, 24 January 2004 (Indem: 1.25-2.7-04).
49. Leonid Nikitinskii, "Prestuplenie i opravdanie", Moskovskie novosti, 8 April 2003 (Indem: April 7-11.03), 152.
50. See United States v. Dougherty, 473 F2d 1113, 1132-37 (DCCir. 1972)
51. I. Ia. Foinitskii, Kurs ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva (Al'fa, St. Petersburg, 1996), reprint of 1910 edition. Vol.II, 457-458.
52. Stephen C. Thaman, "Spain Returns to Trial by Jury", 21 Hastings International and Comparative Law Review (1998), 377-378.
53. M. Selitrennikov, O postanovke voprosov na sude ugolovnom, po resheniiam Kassatsionnogo Senata (A.M. Kotomin, St. Petersburg, 1875), 254.
54. See, also, Petrukhin, in Kommentarii k Ugolovno-protsessual'nomu kodeksu Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Kodeks, Moscow, 2003), 417.
55. A.F. Koni, Sobranie sochinenii Vol.4 (Iuridicheskaia literatura, Moscow, 1967), 201.
56. Bobrischev-Pushkin, Empirecheskie zakony deiatel'nosti Russkogo suda prisiazhnykh (A.I. Snegireva, Moscow, 1896), 38-39.
57. N.P. Timofeev, Sud prisiazhnykh v Rossii: Sudebnye ocherki (A.I. Mamontov, Moscow, 1881), 380.
58. Stephen C. Thaman, "The Jury as Catalyst for the Reform of Criminal Evidentiary Procedure in Continental Europe: The Cases of Russia and Spain", in J. F. Nijboer and J. M. Reijntjes (eds.), Proceedings of the First World Conference on New Trends in Criminal Justice and Evidence (Koninklijke Vermande, Lelystad, 1997), 405.
59. Kras'kina case (Ivanovo), Judgment 7.20.95.
60. Kulakov case (Ivanovo), Judgment of 2.11.94, Upheld by SCRF, No.7-kp-094-7sp (4.20.94).
61. L.M. Karnozova, Vozrozhdennyi Sud Prisiazhnykh (Nota Bene, Moscow, 2000), 225-226.
62. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago Vol.3 (Collins Fontana, Glasgow, 1979), 520.
63. David S. Rudstein, "Double Jeopardy and the Fraudulently Obtained Acquittal", 60 Modern Law Review (1995), 607, 620-635.
64. People v. Aleman, 667 NE2d 615, 623-27 (Ill. App. 1996)
65. Aleman v. Honorable Judges of Cook County Circuit Court, 138 F3d 302, 307-08 (7th Cir. 1998).
66. http://www.supcourt.ru/vscourt-detale.php?id-1456
67. Agreeing with my view are: P. A. Lupinskaia, "Poriadok obzhalovaniia, oprotestovaniia i proverki, ne vstupivshikh v zakonnuiu silu prigovorov i postanovlenii vynesennykh v usloviiakh al'ternativnoi formy sudoproizvodstva", in Vestnik Saratovskoi gosudarstvennoi akademii prava (1996) No.3, 240-241
68. M. Nemytina, "Sud prisiazhykh: Rossiiskaia traditsiia ili zapadnaia model'", Vestnik Saratovskoi gosudarstvennoi akademii prava (1996) No.3, 29.
69. see Wayne R. La Fave et al., Criminal Procedure (Thomson/West, St. Paul, MN, 5th ed. 2004), 1293-1294.
70. see Aleksei Sokovnin and Sergei Mashkin, "Viacheslav Ivan'kov opravdal opaseniia obvineniia", Kommersant", 19 July 2005, 3, available at >http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=591886<
71. "Kollegiia nebespristrastnykh", Kommersant", 29 July 2005, 3, available at >http://www.kommersant. ru/doc.aspx?docsid=592188<.
72. BVS RF (2002) No.5, available at >http://www.supcourt. ru/bullettin/02/02-057/6120.htm<
73. "Obzor sudebnoi praktiki rassmotreniia ugolovnykh del s uchastiem prisiazhnykh zasedatelelei", BVS RF (2002) No.7, available at >http://www.supcourt.ru/bullettin/02/02-07/6120.htm<
74. BVS RF (2004) No.8, available at >http://www.supcourt.ru/vscourt-detale. php?id=1688&w[]=%CF%FC%FF%ED%E7%E8%ED<
75. Tsereev case, No.42-003-05 (acquittal reversed because juror did not reveal son had prior conviction). "Obzor sudebnoi praktiki Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiiskoi Federatsii za 4 Kvartal 2003 goda", available at >http://www.supcourt.ru/vscourt)-detale.php?id=153< (hereinafter "SCRFCriminal Case Review (4th Quarter 2003)")
76. BVS RF (2005), available at >http://www.supcourt. ru/vscourt-detale.php?id=2529&w[]%D1%EB%E0%E1%EE%f7%EA%EE%E2<
77. Iu. Liakhav and V. Zolotykh, "Sud prisiazhnykh-put' k spravedlivoi iustitsii", Rossiiskaia iustitsiia (1997) No.3, 9
78. Stephen C. Thaman, "Geschworenengerichte in Ost und West: Die klassische Jury und das adversarische Verfahren im Strafverfahren Russlands und Spaniens", in 41 Recht in Ost und West (1997), 80.
79. "Spravka o praktike rassmotrenii ugolovnykh del sudami prisiazhnykh v 1997 godu", 21 March 1998.
80. "Spravka po resul'tatam izucheniia prichin otmeny i izmeneniia prigovorov suda prisiazhnykh, rassmotrennykh Verkhovnym Sudom Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 1998 godu" (1999), 3, 6-7.
81. A. Gagarskii, "Rabota sudov Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 1998 godu", Rossiiskaia iustitsiia (1999) No.8, 54.
82. "Obzor praktiki Kassatsionnoi palaty Verkhovnogo suda RF za 2002 god po delam, rassmotrennym kraevymi i oblastnymi sudami s uchastiem prisiazhnykh zasedatelei", available at >hppt://www.supcourt.ru/vscourt-detale.php?od=170< (hereinafter "SCRF-Jury Review (2002)").
83. Cf. William Burnham (ed.), The Russian Code of Criminal Procedure (USDOJ, Moscow, 2004), 67.
84. Andrei Sharov, "12 stul'ev'", Rossiiskaia gazeta, 11 November 2004, available at >http://www.rg.ru/2004/11/11/prisyazhnye.html< (Indem: 11.4-12.4.04).
85. L.F. Markina, Prava cheloveka v Rossii: Informatsionnaia set' (1997) No.25, 17-21.
86. Vladimir Voronov, "Juries on Trial", Russian Life, November/December 2004, 53-54.
87. "V Cheliabinske sud prisiazhnykh vynes svoy pervyy prigovor: Opravdatel'nyi", Polit. Ru, 27 February 2003 (Indem: 2.24-28.03)
88. Viktor Vernii, "Logika samozashchity", Trud, 18 February 2004 (Indem: 2-19-19-2004).
89. A. Shurygin, "Zashchita, v sudoproizvodstve s uchastiem kollegii prisiazhnykh zasedatelei", Part I, Rossiiskaia iustitsiia (1997) No.8, 6.
90. Drygin case (Saratov), No.41 kp-099-135sp (1.20.99) (acquittal of aggravated murder and rape)
91. Peter Baker, "Russia Tests Juries By Trial and Error", Washington Post, 2 September 2003, A1.
92. "Obzor sudebnoi praktiki Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiiskoi Federatsii za IV Kvartal 2001 goda po ugolovnym delam", BVS RF (2002) No.2, available at >http://www.supcourt.ru/bullettin/02/02-08/b111.htm< (hereinafter "SCRF-Judicial Practice Review (4th. Quarter-2001)".
93. "Obzor kassatsionnoi praktiki Sudebnoi kollegii po ugolovnym delam Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiiskoi Federatsii za 2002 god", BVS RF (2003) No.8 (hereinafter "SCRF-Criminal Case Review (2002)")
94. Karakaev case (Krasnodar), No.18 kp-096-87 sp (11.13.96)
95. Troitskii case (Ivanovo), No.7 kp-002-26 sp
96. Kondrashin case (Riazan'), BVS RF (1998) No.9, 9, translated in William Burnham, Peter Maggs and Gennady Danilenko, Law and Legal System of the Russian Federation (Juris Publishing, Huntington, NY, 3rd ed. 2004), 537.
97. BVS RF (2004) No.10, available at >http://www.supcourt.ru/bulletin/2004/2004-11/3.htm< (acquittals of bribery reversed due to exclusion of confessions)
98. "Informatsionnoe pis'mo, 'O nekotorykh voprosakh obespecheniia gosudarstvennogo obvineniia v sude s uchastiem kollegii prisiazhnykh zasedatelei'", No.12/13-96 (5.16.96), 3-4
99. "Obzor kassatsionnoi praktiki sudebnoi kollegii po ugolovnym delam Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiiskoi Federatsii za 2004 god", BVS RF (2005) No.8, available at >http://www.supcourt.ru/vscourt-detale. php?id=2759< (hereinafter "SCRF-Criminal Case Review (2004)").
100. http://www.supcourt.ru/bullettin/2005/2005-02/18.htm
101. P.A. Lupinskaia, "Nekotorye voprosy, voznikaiushchie v praktike primeneniia ugolovno protsessual'nogo zakonodatel'stva pri rassmotrenii ugolovnykh del sudom prisiazhnykh" in Vestnik Saratovskoi gosudarstvennoi akademii prava (1996) No.3, 70-76.
102. Obzor zakonodatel'sta i sudebnoi praktiki Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiikskoi Federatsii za Tretii i Chetvertyi Kvartaly 1996 goda (Moscow, 1997), 45
103. Nikolaev/Buntov case (Moscow Region), No.4 kp-095-125 sp (12.13.95)
104. Sokolov/Gladkikh case (Altai), No.52 kp-097-9 sp (3.4.97)
105. "Zashchita v sudoproizvodstve s uchastiem kollegii prisiazhnykh zasedatelei", Part II, Rossiiskaia iustitsiia (1997) No.9, 7.
106. see N.V. Grigor'eva, "Naputstvennoe slovo predsedatel'stuvuiushchego sud'i", in S.A. Pashin and L.M Karnozova, Sostiazatel'noe pravosudie Vol. I (Mezhdunarodnyi komitet sodeistviia pravovoi reforme, Moscow, 1996), 171-172)
107. Gushchin/Zhirnov case (Moscow Region), No.4 kp-095-42 vt sp (11.15.95)
108. Kuz'kin case (Moscow Region), No.4 kp-095-114 sp (10.18.95)
109. Obusov case (Moscow Region), No.4 kp-95-106 sp (10.11.95).
110. Richard Hatchard, "Criminal Procedure in England and Wales", in Richard Hatchard et al., Comparative Criminal Procedure (British Institute of International and Comparative Law, London, 1996), 204.
111. I.L. Petrukhin, Teoreticheskie osnovy reformy ugolovnogo protsessa v Rossii Part I (Prospekt, Moscow, 2004), 128.
112. D.N. Kozak and E.B. Mizulina (eds.), Kommentarii k ugolovno-protsessual'nomu kodeksu Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Iurist", Moscow, 2002), 651.
113. Sudoustroistvo i ugolovnyi protsess Rossii, 1864 god: Sbornik normativnykh aktov (Moscow, 1997), 73-238 (all translations by the author).
114. Anna Zakatnova, "Ugolovnye problemy", Rossiiskaia gazeta, 12 May 2005, available at >http://www.rg.ru/2005/05/12/ks.html<.
115. S. Stepashin, "Protiv kriminalizatsii Rossii", Rossiiskaia iustitsiia (2000) No.1, 2.
116. Irina Dline and Olga Schwartz, "The Jury Is Still Out on the Future of Jury Trials in Russia", 11 East European Constitutional Review (2002), 105-106.
117. Sergei Pashin, "Who Needs a Dependent Judge?", Moscow Times, 2 July 2001, 10.
118. >http://www.porticolegal.com/int/int-ley79.html<
119. Pavel Aptekar', "Iuristy otnosiatsia k prisiazhnym luchshe, chem FSB", Stolichnaia vecherniaia gazeta, 20 February 2004 (Indem: 2.19-29.04).
120. "Jury Convicts Scientist of Espionage", RFE-RL, 6 April 2004.
121. "Sutyagin Declared Political Prisoner", RFE-RL, 27 April 2004
122. "Sutyagin Loses Another Appeal", RFE-RL, 18 August 2004.
123. Matthew J. Spence, "The Complexity of Success: The US Role in Russian Rule of Law Reform", Carnegie Papers No.60 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, 2005), 23.