Hamstring injuries in the athlete: Diagnosis, treatment, and return to play

Current Sports Medicine Reports

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 184-190

  Chu, Samuel K ^a   Rho, Monica E ^a  

^a REHABILITATION INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

ARTICLE; ATHLETE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ECHOGRAPHY; HAMSTRING; HAMSTRING INJURY; HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PROXIMAL HAMSTRING TENDINOPATHY; RETURN TO SPORT; SPORT INJURY; TENDINITIS; TENDON INJURY; THROMBOCYTE RICH PLASMA; ATHLETIC INJURIES; BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HAMSTRING TENDON; INJURIES; KINESIOTHERAPY; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; PROCEDURES; TENDON INJURIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ATHLETIC INJURIES; BLOOD COMPONENT TRANSFUSION; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; EXERCISE THERAPY; HAMSTRING TENDONS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PLATELET-RICH PLASMA; RETURN TO SPORT; TENDON INJURIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ULTRASONOGRAPHY;

EID: 84968531558     PISSN: 1537890X     EISSN: 15378918     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000264     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Ali K, Leland JM,. Hamstring strains and tears in the athlete. Clin. Sports Med. 2012; 31: 263-72
2. Askling C, Saartok T, Thorstensson A,. Type of acute hamstring strain affects flexibility, strength, and time to return to pre-injury level. Br. J. Sports Med. 2006; 40: 40-4
3. Askling CM, Malliaropoulos N, Karlsson J,. High-speed running type or stretching-type of hamstring injuries makes a difference to treatment and prognosis. Br. J. Sports Med. 2012; 46: 86-7
4. Askling CM, Tengvar M, Saartok T, Thorstensson A,. Acute first-time hamstring strains during high-speed running: a longitudinal study including clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Am. J. Sports Med. 2007; 35: 197-206
5. Askling CM, Tengvar M, Saartok T, Thorstensson A,. Acute first-time hamstring strains during slow-speed stretching: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and recovery characteristics. Am. J. Sports Med. 2007; 35: 1716-24
6. Askling CM, Tengvar M, Saartok T, Thorstensson A,. Proximal hamstring strains of stretching type in different sports: injury situations, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, and return to sport. Am. J. Sports Med. 2008; 36: 1799-804
7. Askling CM, Tengvar M, Thorstensson A,. Acute hamstring injuries in Swedish elite football: a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing two rehabilitation protocols. Br. J. Sports Med. 2013; 47: 953-9
8. Bencardino JT, Mellado JM,. Hamstring injuries of the hip. Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. 2005; 13: 677-90,. vi.
9. Brooks JH, Fuller CW, Kemp SP, Reddin DB,. Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union. Am. J. Sports Med. 2006; 34: 1297-306
10. Brukner P, Khan K, Brukner P,. Brukner & Khan's Clinical Sports Medicine. 4th ed. Sydney; New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012, xlvii, 1296
11. Cacchio A, Borra F, Severini G, Reliability and validity of three pain provocation tests used for the diagnosis of chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Br. J. Sports Med. 2012; 46: 883-7
12. Cacchio A, Rompe JD, Furia JP, Shockwave therapy for the treatment of chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy in professional athletes. Am. J. Sports Med. 2011; 39: 146-53
13. Chumanov ES, Heiderscheit BC, Thelen DG,. Hamstring musculotendon dynamics during stance and swing phases of high-speed running. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2011; 43: 525-32
14. Clanton TO, Coupe KJ,. Hamstring strains in athletes: diagnosis and treatment. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 1998; 6: 237-48
15. Cohen S, Bradley J,. Acute proximal hamstring rupture. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 2007; 15: 350-5
16. Connell DA, Schneider-Kolsky ME, Hoving JL, Longitudinal study comparing sonographic and MRI assessments of acute and healing hamstring injuries. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2004; 183: 975-84
17. Cushman D, Rho ME,. Conservative treatment of subacute proximal hamstring tendinopathy using eccentric exercises performed with a treadmill: a case report. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2015; 45: 557-62
18. De Smet AA, Blankenbaker DG, Alsheik NH, Lindstrom MJ,. MRI appearance of the proximal hamstring tendons in patients with and without symptomatic proximal hamstring tendinopathy. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2012; 198: 418-22
19. De Vos RJ, Reurink G, Goudswaard GJ, Clinical findings just after return to play predict hamstring re-injury, but baseline MRI findings do not. Br. J. Sports Med. 2014; 48: 1377-84
20. Fader RR, Mitchell JJ, Traub S, Platelet-rich plasma treatment improves outcomes for chronic proximal hamstring injuries in an athletic population. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2015; 4: 461-6
21. Feeley BT, Kennelly S, Barnes RP, Epidemiology of National Football League training camp injuries from 1998 to 2007. Am. J. Sports Med. 2008; 36: 1597-603
22. Fredericson M, Moore W, Guillet M, Beaulieu C,. High hamstring tendinopathy in runners: meeting the challenges of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Phys. Sportsmed. 2005; 33: 32-43
23. Hamid MS, Yusof A, Mohamed Ali MR,. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for acute muscle injury: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e90538
24. Hamilton B, Tol JL, Almusa E, Platelet-rich plasma does not enhance return to play in hamstring injuries: a randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Sports Med. 2015; 49: 943-50
25. Hawkins RD, Hulse MA, Wilkinson C, The association football medical research programme: an audit of injuries in professional football. Br. J. Sports Med. 2001; 35: 43-7
26. Heiderscheit BC, Sherry MA, Silder A, Hamstring strain injuries: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2010; 40: 67-81
27. Jayaseelan DJ, Moats N, Ricardo CR,. Rehabilitation of proximal hamstring tendinopathy utilizing eccentric training, lumbopelvic stabilization, and trigger point dry needling: 2 case reports. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2014; 44: 198-205
28. Kary JM,. Ultrasound. In: Micheli LJ, editor. Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine. 4. Thousand Oaks (CA), SAGE Reference; 2011; 1522-1525
29. Kingma JJ, De Knikker R, Wittink HM, Takken T,. Eccentric overload training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review. Br. J. Sports Med. 2007; 41: e3
30. Koulouris G, Connell D,. Evaluation of the hamstring muscle complex following acute injury. Skeletal Radiol. 2003; 32: 582-9
31. Koulouris G, Connell D,. Hamstring muscle complex: an imaging review. Radiographics. 2005; 25: 571-86
32. Koulouris G, Connell D,. Imaging of hamstring injuries: therapeutic implications. Eur. Radiol. 2006; 16: 1478-87
33. Koulouris G, Connell DA, Brukner P, Schneider-Kolsky M,. Magnetic resonance imaging parameters for assessing risk of recurrent hamstring injuries in elite athletes. Am. J. Sports Med. 2007; 35: 1500-6
34. Kujala UM, Orava S, Järvinen M,. Hamstring injuries. Current trends in treatment and prevention. Sports Med. 1997; 23: 397-404
35. Lempainen L, Banke IJ, Johansson K, Clinical principles in the management of hamstring injuries. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2015; 23: 2449-56
36. Lempainen L, Sarimo J, Mattila K, Proximal hamstring tendinopathy: results of surgical management and histopathologic findings. Am. J. Sports Med. 2009; 37: 727-34
37. Levine WN, Bergfeld JA, Tessendorf W, Moorman CT 3rd,. Intramuscular corticosteroid injection for hamstring injuries. A 13-year experience in the National Football League. Am. J. Sports Med. 2000; 28: 297-300
38. Moen MH, Reurink G, Weir A, Predicting return to play after hamstring injuries. Br. J. Sports Med. 2014; 48: 1358-63
39. Murtaugh B, Ihm JM,. Eccentric training for the treatment of tendinopathies. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2013; 12: 175-82
40. Nicholson LT, DiSegna S, Newman JS, Miller SL,. Fluoroscopically guided peritendinous corticosteroid injection for proximal hamstring tendinopathy: a retrospective review. Orthop. J. Sports Med. 2014; 2: 2325967114526135
41. Ohberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H,. Eccentric training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis: normalised tendon structure and decreased thickness at follow up. Br. J. Sports Med. 2004; 38: 8-11; discussion
42. Orchard J, Best TM, Verrall GM,. Return to play following muscle strains. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2005; 15: 436-41
43. Orchard J, Seward H,. Epidemiology of injuries in the Australian Football League, seasons 1997-2000. Br. J. Sports Med. 2002; 36: 39-44
44. Palmer WE, Kuong SJ, Elmadbouh HM,. MR imaging of myotendinous strain. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 1999; 173: 703-9
45. Petersen J, Thorborg K, Nielsen MB, The diagnostic and prognostic value of ultrasonography in soccer players with acute hamstring injuries. Am. J. Sports Med. 2014; 42: 399-404
46. Puranen J, Orava S,. The hamstring syndrome. A new diagnosis of gluteal sciatic pain. Am. J. Sports Med. 1988; 16: 517-21
47. Rettig AC, Meyer S, Bhadra AK,. Platelet-rich plasma in addition to rehabilitation for acute hamstring injuries in NFL players: clinical effects and time to return to play. Orthop. J. Sports Med. 2013; 1: 2325967113494354
48. Reurink G, Brilman EG, De Vos RJ, Magnetic resonance imaging in acute hamstring injury: can we provide a return to play prognosis? Sports Med. 2015; 45: 133-46
49. Reurink G, Goudswaard GJ, Moen MH, Platelet-rich plasma injections in acute muscle injury. N. Engl. J. Med. 2014; 370: 2546-7
50. Reurink G, Goudswaard GJ, Moen MH, Rationale, secondary outcome scores and 1-year follow-up of a randomised trial of platelet-rich plasma injections in acute hamstring muscle injury: the Dutch Hamstring Injection Therapy study. Br. J. Sports Med. 2015; 49: 1206-12
51. Reynolds JF, Noakes TD, Schwellnus MP, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs fail to enhance healing of acute hamstring injuries treated with physiotherapy. S. Afr. Med. J. 1995; 85: 517-22
52. Scutt N, Rolf CG, Scutt A,. Glucocorticoids inhibit tenocyte proliferation and tendon progenitor cell recruitment. J. Orthop. Res. 2006; 24: 173-82
53. Sherry M,. Examination and treatment of hamstring related injuries. Sports Health. 2012; 4: 107-14
54. Sherry MA, Best TM,. A comparison of 2 rehabilitation programs in the treatment of acute hamstring strains. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2004; 34: 116-25
55. Sherry MA, Johnston TS, Heiderscheit BC,. Rehabilitation of acute hamstring strain injuries. Clin. Sports Med. 2015; 34: 263-84
56. Silder A, Sherry MA, Sanfilippo J, Clinical and morphological changes following 2 rehabilitation programs for acute hamstring strain injuries: a randomized clinical trial. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2013; 43: 284-99
57. Slavotinek JP, Verrall GM, Fon GT,. Hamstring injury in athletes: using MR imaging measurements to compare extent of muscle injury with amount of time lost from competition. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2002; 179: 1621-8
58. Verrall GM, Slavotinek JP, Barnes PG, Assessment of physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging findings of hamstring injury as predictors for recurrent injury. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2006; 36: 215-24
59. Warren P, Gabbe BJ, Schneider-Kolsky M, Bennell KL,. Clinical predictors of time to return to competition and of recurrence following hamstring strain in elite Australian footballers. Br. J. Sports Med. 2010; 44: 415-9
60. Wetzel RJ, Patel RM, Terry MA,. Platelet-rich plasma as an effective treatment for proximal hamstring injuries. Orthopedics 2013; 36: e64-70
61. Wong MW, Tang YN, Fu SC, Triamcinolone suppresses human tenocyte cellular activity and collagen synthesis. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2004: 277-81
62. Wong MW, Tang YY, Lee SK, Fu BS,. Glucocorticoids suppress proteoglycan production by human tenocytes. Acta Orthop. 2005; 76: 927-31
63. Zissen MH, Wallace G, Stevens KJ, High hamstring tendinopathy: MRI and ultrasound imaging and therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous corticosteroid injection. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2010; 195: 993-8