Tiananmen Square: A Political History of Monuments

Representations

Volumn 35, Issue , 1991, Pages 84-117

  Hung, Wu ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84968118706     PISSN: 07346018     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2928718     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Quoted fromSamuel Taylor Coleridge in Rene Wellek, A History of Modern Criticism, 2 vols. (New Haven, 1955), 1:211.
2. Peter Fleming, The Siege at Beijing (Oxford, 1986), 245.
3. see Wu Hung, “From Temple to Tomb: Ancient Chinese Art and Religion in Transition,” Early China 13 (1988): 78-116.
4. Rudolf Arnheim's words, “control the relation between independent object systems and provide them with standards of reference for their perceptual features”; New Essays on the Psychology of Art (Berkeley, 1986), 83.
5. see Wu Hung, “From Temple to Tomb,” 80-86.
6. William Willetts, Chinese Art (New York, 1958), 678-79.
7. Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen, “The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding,” Semiotica 1, (1969): 1.
8. See Zhu Qie, Ming-Qing liangdai gongyuan jianzhi yan’getu kao (An examination of the constructions of Ming and Qing palaces and gardens based on old diagrams; Shanghai, 1947), 85.
9. Chinese Shadows (New York, 1977), 55.
10. Quoted in Wu Liangyong, “Tiananmen Guangchang de guihua he sheji” (The plan and design of Tiananmen Square), in Jianzhushi lunwenji (An anthology of architectural history), 2 vols. (Beijing, 1979), 2:26.
11. Wu Liangyong, “Renmin Yingxiong Jinianbei de chuangzuo chengjiu” (The architectural achievement of the Monument to the People's Heroes), Jianzhu xuebao (Architectural journal) 2 (1978): 4-5.
12. Zhao Luo and Shi Shuqing, Tiananmen (Beijing, 1957)
13. Wu Liangyong, “Renmin Yingxiong Jinianbei” 8
14. Wu Liangyong, “Renmin Yingxiong Jinianbei” and “Tiananmen Guangchang”
15. Zhao Dongri, “Tiananmen Guangchang” (Tiananmen Square), Jianzhu xuebao (Architectural journal) 9-10 (1959): 18-22.
16. Simon Leys, Chinese Shadows, 53-54.
17. Wu Liangyong, “Renmin Yingxiong Jinianbei.”
18. Zhou Dingfang, “Renmin Yingxiong Jinianbei” (The Monument to the People's Heroes), in Jinri Beijing 949.
19. Pierre Nora, “Between Memory and History,” Representations 29 (Spring 1989): 19.
20. Anne F. Thurston, Enemies of the People (New York, 1987), 5-6.
21. Roland Barthes: “Stated by the discourse itself, the ironic code is, in principle, an explicit quotation of what someone has said; however, irony acts as a signpost, and thereby it destroys the multivalence we might expect from quoted discourse”; S/Z, trans. Richard Miller (London, 1975), 44.
22. Reginald Yin-Wang and Annette Kwok, “Le Mausolée du président Mao,” L’Architecture d'aujourd'hui 210 (February 1979): 51-53
23. Eleni Constantine, “Mao's Mausoleum Echoes JFK Center,” Progressive Architecture 60 (May 1979): 30-32
24. Frederic Wakeman, Jr., “Revolutionary Rites: The Remains of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Tse-tung,” Representations 10 (Spring 1985): 146-93
25. Ellen Laing, The Winking Owl (Berkeley, 1988), 90-97
26. Lothar Ledderose, “Die Gedenkhalle für Mao Zedong,” in Jan Assmann and Tonio Hölscher, Kultur und Gedächtnis (Frankfurt, 1988), 311-39
27. Wu Muren et. al., 1989 Zhonggong minyuanjishi (A factual record of the 1989 Chinese Democratic Movement), 2 vols. (New York, 1989), 1:12-23.
28. Tsao Hsing-Yüan, “A Beijing Chronicle: An Account of My Experiences in Beijing from April into Early June 1989,” Los Angeles Times, 18 June 1989.
29. Liang Tieshan, “Minzhu Nlishen yongzai woxin- zhong” (The Goddess of Democracy will always live in my heart), Zhongguo zhichun (China's spring) 8 (1989): 76.
30. John Gittings's report from Beijing, Guardian, 31 May 1989, 10.
31. Wu Ye, “What does the statue of the Goddess of Democracy which appeared in Tiananmen Square indicate?” Renmin ribao (People's Daily), overseas ed., 1 June 1989
32. a translation of the article is provided in National Affairs, FBIS-CHI-89-104, 28.
33. Liang Tieshan, “Minzhu Nüshen,” 76.