Reconviction of sexual offenders in england and wales: An overview of research

Journal of Sexual Aggression

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 209-223

  Friendship, Caroline ^a   Beech, Anthony R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adult male sexual offenders; Re offending; Recidivism; Reconviction; Risk assessment; Treatment; Treatment change

Indexed keywords

EID: 84967652584     PISSN: 13552600     EISSN: 17426545     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13552600500063690     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Ackerley, A., Soothill, K., and Francis, B., 1998. When do sex offenders stop offending?. Home Office Research Bulletin, 39:51–57.
2. Allam, J., 1998. Effective Practice in Work with Sex Offenders:A Reconviction Study Comparing Treated and Untreated Offenders, West Midlands:West Midlands Probation Service.
3. Beech, A. R., Erikson, M. & Friendship, C. & Ditchfield, J. (2001). A six-year follow-up of men going through representative probation based sex offender treatment programmes. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate Research Findings No.144. London:Home Office.
4. Beech, A. R., and Mann, R. E., 2002. “ Recent developments in the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders ”. In Effective Programmes and Policies to Reduce Re-Offending, Edited by:McGuire, J., 259–288. Chichester:Wiley.
5. Beech, A. R., and Ward, T., 2004. The integration of etiology and risk in sexual offenders:a theoretical model. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10:31–63.
6. Beech, A. R., 1998. A psychometric typology of child abusers. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 42:319–339.
7. Beech, A. R., Fisher, D., and Beckett, R. C., 1999. STEP 3:An evaluation of the Prison Service Sex Offender Treatment Programme, London:Crown Copyright.
8. Beech, A. R., Fisher, D., and Bishop, D., 2004. Pre–post treatment designs. Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Research and Treatment Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA), New Mexico, USA:Albuquerque.
9. Beech, A. R., Fisher, D. D., and Thornton, D., 2003. Risk assessment of sex offenders. Professional Psychology:Research and Practice, 34:339–352.
10. Beech, A. R., Friendship, C., Erikson, M., and Hanson, R. K., 2002. The relationship between static and dynamic risk and reconviction over a six year period in a sample of U.K. child abusers. Sexual Abuse:A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14:155–167.
11. Bonta, J., 1996. “ Risk-needs assessment and treatment ”. In Choosing Correctional Options That Work, Edited by:Harland, A. T., 18–32. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
12. Cann, J., Falshaw, L., and Friendship, C., 2004. Sexual offenders discharged from prison in England and Wales:a 21-year reconviction study. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 9:1–10.
13. Carter, N., Klein, R., and Day, P., 1992. How Organisations Measure Success, London:Routledge.
14. Christiansen, K. O., Elers-Nielsen, M., Le Marie, L., and Sturup, G. K., 1965. “ Recidivism among sexual offenders ”. In Scandinavian Studies in Criminology, Edited by:Christiansen, K. O., 55–85. London:Tavistock.
15. Cooke, D. J., and Michie, C., 1998. Predicting recidivism in a Scottish prison sample. Psychology, Crime and Law, 4:169–211.
16. Copas, J. B., and Marshall, P., 1998. The Offender Group Reconviction Scale:the statistical reconviction score for use by probation officers. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 47:159–171.
17. Corbett, C., Patel, V., Erikson, M., and Friendship, C., 2003. The violent reconvictions of sexual offenders. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 9:31–39.
18. Crime and Disorder Act (1998). Section 58
19. Erikson, M., and Friendship, C., 2002. A typology of child abduction events. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 7:115–120.
20. Erikson, M. & Friendship, C. (2005). Sexual offenders selected for prison-based treatment:Implications for comparison group matching. Psychology, Crime and Law, in press.
21. Falshaw, L., Bates, A., Patel, V., Corbett, C., and Friendship, C., 2003. Assessing reconviction, re-offending and recidivism in a sample of UK sexual offenders. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 8:207–215.
22. Falshaw, L., Friendship, C. & Bates, A. (2003). Assessing reconviction, re-offending and recidivism in a sample of sexual offenders. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate Research Findings No. 183. London:Home Office.
23. Farrington, D. P., and West, D. J., 1993. Criminal, penal and life histories of chronic offenders:risk and protective factors and early identification. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 3:492–523.
24. Farrington, D. P. (1983). Randomized experiments on crime and justice. In M., Tonry N., Morris (Eds), Crime and Justice:A Review of Research, Vol. 4, pp. 257–308. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
25. Friendship, C., and Falshaw, L., 2003. “ Evaluating groupwork in prisons ”. In Psychology in Prisons, Edited by:Towl, G., 52–63. Oxford:BPS and Blackwell.
26. Friendship, C., and Thornton, D., 2001. Sexual reconviction for sex offenders discharged from prison in England and Wales:implications for evaluating treatment. British Journal of Criminology, 41:285–292.
27. Friendship, C., and Thornton, D., 2002. “ Risk assessment for offenders ”. In The Prediction and Prevention of Child Abuse:A Handbook, Edited by:Browne, K., Hanks, H., Stratton, P., and Hamilton, C., 301–316. Chichester:Wiley.
28. Friendship, C., Beech, A. R., and Browne, K. D., 2002. Reconviction as an outcome in research:a methodological note. British Journal of Criminology, 42:442–444.
29. Friendship, C., Falshaw, L., and Beech, A. R., 2003. Measuring the real impact of accredited offending behaviour programmes. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 8:115–127.
30. Friendship, C., Mann, R. E., and Beech, A. R., 2003a. An evaluation of a national prison-based treatment program for sexual offenders in England and Wales. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18:744–759.
31. Friendship, C., Mann, R. E. & Beech, A. R. (2003b). The prison-based Sex Offender Treatment Programme—an evaluation. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate Research Findings No.205. London:Home Office.
32. Friendship, C., Thornton, D., Erikson, M., and Beech, A., 2001. Reconviction:a critique and comparison of two main data sources in England and Wales. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 6:121–129.
33. Furby, L., Weinrott, M. R., and Blackshaw, L., 1989. Sex offender recidivism:a review. Psychological Bulletin, 105:3–30.
34. Grubin, D. (1998). Sex offending against children:understanding the risk. Police Research Series, Paper 99. London:Home Office, Police and reducing Crime Unit.
35. Hanson, R. K., and Bussière, M. T., 1998. Predicting relapse:a meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66:348–362.
36. Hanson, R. K. & Harris, A. J. R. (1998). Dynamic Predictors of Sexual Recidivism. User Report 1998–01. Ottawa, Canada:Department of the Solicitor General Canada.
37. Hanson, R. K., and Thornton, D., 2000. Improving risk assessments for sexual offenders:a comparison of three actuarial scales. Law and Human Behavior, 24:119–136.
38. Hanson, R. K. (1997). The Development of a Brief Actuarial Risk Scale For Sexual Offense Recidivism. User Report JS-4-1/1997-4E. Ottawa, Canada:Department of the Solicitor General of Canada.
39. Hanson, R. K., Gordon, A., Harris, A. J. R., Marques, J. K., Murphy, W., Quinsey, V. L., and Seto, M. C., 2002. First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sexual Abuse:A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14:169–194.
40. Hanson, R. K., Steffy, R. A., and Gauthier, R., 1993. Predicting relapse:a meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66:348–362.
41. Harris, J. & Grace, S. (1999). A question of evidence? Investigating and prosecuting rape in the 1990s. Home Office Research Study, No. 196. London:Home Office.
42. Hedderman, C. & Sugg, D. (1996). Does treating sex offenders reduce re-offending? Home Office Research Study, no. 45. London:Home Office.
43. Heil, P., Ahlmeyer, S., and Simons, D., 2003. Crossover sexual offenses. Sexual Abuse:A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15:221–236.
44. Hood, R., Shute, R., Feilzer, M., and Wilcox, A., 2002a. Sex offenders emerging from long-term imprisonment:a study of their long-term reconviction rates and of Parole Board members’ judgements of their risk. British Journal of Criminology, 42:371–394.
45. Hood, R., Shute, R., Feilzer, M. & Wilcox, A. (2002b). Reconviction rates of serious sex offenders and assessment of their risk. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate Research Findings, No. 164. London:Home Office.
46. Jacobson, N. S., Follette, W. C., and Revenstorf, D., 1984. Psychotherapy outcome research:methods for reporting variability and evaluating clinical significance. Behaviour Therapy, 15:336–352.
47. Lloyd, C., Mair, G., & Hough, M., (1994). Explaining reconviction rates:a critical analysis. Home Office Research Study, No. 136. London:Home Office.
48. Loeber, R., and Farrington, D. P., 1998. Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders:Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications.
49. Maguire, M., Kemshall, K., Noaks, L. & Wincup, E. (2001). Risk management of sexual and violent offenders:the work of Public Protection panels. Police Research Series Paper No. 139. London:Home Office.
50. Marques, J. K., Day, D. M., Nelson, C., and West, M. A., 1994. Effects of cognitive-behavioral treatment on sex offender recidivism:preliminary results of a longitudinal study. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 21:10–27.
51. Marshall, P., 1994. Reconviction of imprisoned sexual offenders. Research Bulletin, 36:23–29.
52. Marshall, W. L., and Barbaree, H. E., 1988. The long-term evaluation of a behavioural treatment programme for child molesters. Behaviour. Research and Therapy, 6:499–511.
53. Marshall, W. L., Anderson, D., and Fernandez, Y. M., 1999. Cognitive Behavioural Treatment of Sexual Offenders, Chichester:Wiley.
54. McGuire, J. (Ed.) (2002). Effective Programmes and Policies to Reduce Re-Offending. Chichester:Wiley.
55. Soothill, K., Francis, B., Ackerley, E. & Fligelstone, R. (2002). Murder and serious sexual assault:what criminal history can reveal about future serious offending. Police Research Series Paper, 144. London:Home Office.
56. Soothill, K., Francis, B., Sanderson, B. & Ackerley, E. 2000). Sex offenders:Specialists, generalists—or both? A 32-year criminological study. British Journal of Criminology, 40, 56–67.
57. Soothill, K. L., and Gibbens, T. N. C., 1978. Recidivism of sexual offenders:a reappraisal. British Journal of Criminology, 18:267–276.
58. Soothill, K. L., Jack, A., and Gibbens, T. N. C., 1976. Rape:a 22-year cohort study. Medicine. Science and the Law, 16:62–69.
59. Taylor, R. (1999). Predicting reconvictions for sexual and violent offences using the revised offender group reconviction scale. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate Research Findings, No. 104. London:Home Office.
60. Thornton, D. & Travers, R. (1992). A longitudinal study of the criminal behaviour of convicted sex offenders. Proceedings of the Prison Service psychology conference, 16–18 October 1991, pp. 13–22. London:HM Prison Service.
61. Thornton, D. (2002). Constructing and testing a framework for dynamic risk assessment. Sexual Abuse:A Journal of Assessment and Treatment, 14, 139–153.
62. Thornton, D., Mann, R. E., Webster, S., Blud, L., Travers, R., Friendship, C., and Erikson, M., 2003. “ Distinguishing and combining risks for sexual and violent recidivism ”. In Sexually Coercive Behavior:Understanding and Management, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 989 Edited by:Prentky, R. A., Janus, E. S., and Seto, M. C., 225–235.
63. Webster, S. D., Mann, R. E., Carter, A. J., Long, J., Milner, R. J., O'Brien, M. D., Wakeling, H. C., & Ray, N. L., (2005). Inter-rater reliability of dynamic risk assessment with sexual offenders. Psychology, Crime and Law, in press.