Beyond public-private: Towards a new typology of policing

Re-Imagining Policing in Canada

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 260-319

  Rigakos, George S ^a  

^a CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

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EID: 84967425449     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (233)

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82. Peter Linebaugh, The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in England (London: Allen Lane, 1991).
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98. Emsley E, Crime and Police inEngland 1700-1900 43.
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100. Emsley E, Crime and Police inEngland 1700-1900 at 70.
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102. Shelley S, supra note 108.
103. Ruth Paley, ‘An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ (1989) 10
104. Rigakos R, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 1.
105. Armitage A, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 158.
106. Critchley C, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 157.
107. Storch S, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 43.
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111. Clifford D. Shearing, ‘Unrecognized Origins of the New Policing: Linkages between Private and Public Policing,’ in M. Felson and R.V. Clarke, Business and Crime Prevention (Monsey, N.Y.: Criminal Justice Press, 1997) 219.
112. Adler A, Business and Crime Prevention 205.
113. Franz-Ludwig Knemeyer, ‘Polizei’ (1980) 9:2.
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116. Mark Neocleous, ‘Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ (2000) 40 British Journal of Criminology 710.
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118. Kent K, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 110.
119. Kent K, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 110.
120. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 93.
121. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 3.
122. Storch S, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 43.
123. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 93.
124. Critchley C, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 157.
125. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 43.
126. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 43.
127. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 96.
128. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 96.
129. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 96.
130. Carson C and Idzikowska I, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 167
131. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 43.
132. Shelley S, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 108
133. Greer G, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 108.
134. Greer G, (1999) 2 Pinkerton Solutions Magazine 36-40.
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136. Greer G, www.wackenhut.com/wii/services/.htm. Accessed May 2001.
137. Greer G, www.secureoptions.co.uk/index-ipsl.htm. Accessed May 2001.
138. George S. Rigakos, ‘The Significance of Economic Trends for the Future of Police and Security,’ in J. Richardson, ed., Police and Security: What the Future Holds (Ottawa: Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police, 2000) 176-9.
139. Emsley E, Police and Security: What the Future Holds 93.
140. Securitas S, Police and Security: What the Future Holds 259.
141. Brogden B Police and Security: What the Future Holds 95.
142. Ericson E and Haggerty H, supra note 49.
143. M.T. Klare, ‘Rent-a-Cop: The Private Security Industry in the U.S.,’ in L. Cooper, E. Currie, J. Frappier, T. Platt, B. Ryan, R. Schauffler, J. Scruggs, and L. Trujillo, eds, The Iron Fist and the Velvet Glove: An Analysis of the U.S. Police (Berkeley: Center for Research on Criminal Justice, 1975) 104.
144. Emsley E, The Iron Fist and the Velvet Glove: An Analysis of the U.S. Police 93.
145. Gary T. Marx and Nancy Reichman, ‘Routinizing the Discovery of Secrets: Computers as Informants,’ in J. Lowman, R.J. Menzies, and T.S. Palys, eds, Transcarceration: Essays in the Sociology of Social Control (Aldershot: Gower, 1987) 188
146. Reichman, R., Transcarceration: Essays in the Sociology of Social Control 19.
147. David Lyon, The Electronic Eye: The Rise of Surveillance Society (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994)
148. Mark Poster, The Mode of Information(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).
149. Ernest Mandel, Late Capitalism (London: NLB, 1975).
150. C. Dandeker, Surveillance, Power and Modernity: Bureaucracy andDisdpline from 1700 to the Present Day (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990).
151. Richard V. Ericson, ‘The Division of Expert Knowledge in Policing and Security’ (1994) 45:2 British Journal of Sociology 149.
152. Rigakos R, British Journal of Sociology 67.
153. George Rigakos, The New Parapolice: Risk Markets and Commodified Social Control (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002).
154. Lyon L, The New Parapolice: Risk Markets and Commodified Social Control 176.
155. Gary T. Marx, Undercover: Police Surveillance in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
156. Lyon L, Undercover: Police Surveillance in America 176.
157. Stanley Cohen, Visions of Social Control (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985).
158. Stanley Cohen, (2000) 4 Pinkerton Solutions Magazine 23-5.
159. Stanley Cohen, www.ussecassoc.com/gated.htm. Accessed May 2001.
160. Mike Davis, City of Quartz: Excavating the Future of Los Angeles (London: Verso, 1990).
161. Jock Young, The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime and Late Modernity (Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1999).
162. Emsley E, The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime and Late Modernity 96.
163. Emsley E, The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime and Late Modernity 43.
164. Emsley E, The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime and Late Modernity 43
165. Emsley E, The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime and Late Modernity204.
166. Shelley S, The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime and Late Modernity 108.
167. Matthieu Deflem, ‘International Policing in Nineteenth Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866’ (1996) 6 International Criminal Justice Review.
168. Matthieu Deflem, ‘International Policing in Nineteenth Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866’ (1996) 6 International Criminal Justice Review.
169. Emsley E, International Policing in Nineteenth Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866 96.
170. Critchley C, International Policing in Nineteenth Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866157.
171. Storch S, International Policing in Nineteenth Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866 43.
172. John L. McMullan, ‘The Political Economy of Thief-taking’ (1995) 23 Crime, Law, and Social Change: An International Journal 121.
173. McMullan M, International Policing in Nineteenth Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866 154.
174. Peter Linebaugh, The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in England (London: Allen Lane, 1991).
175. Storch S, International Policing in Nineteenth Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866 43.
176. Storch S, International Policing in Nineteenth Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866 at 232.
177. Jane Adler, “History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency’ (2000) 3 Pinkerton Solutions Magazine 10.
178. Murray M and McKim M, History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency 82.
179. Emsley E, History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency 43.
180. Critchley C, History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency 157 at 34.
181. Armitage A, History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency 158.
182. Critchley C, History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency 157 at 43.
183. Critchley C, History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency at 44.
184. Armitage A, History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency 158.
185. Critchley C, History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency 157.
186. Armitage A, History of the Pinkerton Detective Agency 158.
187. J.J. Tobias, Crime and Police inEngland 1700-1900 (London: St Martin’s Press, 1979).
188. McMullan M, Crime and Police inEngland 1700-1900 154.
189. Emsley E, Crime and Police inEngland 1700-1900 43.
190. Emsley E, Crime and Police inEngland 1700-1900 43.
191. Emsley E, Crime and Police inEngland 1700-1900 at 69.
192. Emsley E, Crime and Police inEngland 1700-1900 at 70.
193. Emsley E, Crime and Police inEngland 1700-1900 at 114.
194. Shelley S, supra note 108.
195. Ruth Paley, ‘An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ (1989) 10
196. Rigakos R, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 1.
197. Armitage A, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 158.
198. Critchley C, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 157.
199. Storch S, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 43.
200. Storch S, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 43.
201. Critchley C, Storch S, An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel’ 43. 157.
202. George L. Kelling, Tony Pate, Duane Dieckman, and Charles E. Brown, The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment (Washington, D.C. Police Foundation, 1974).
203. Clifford D. Shearing, ‘Unrecognized Origins of the New Policing: Linkages between Private and Public Policing,’ in M. Felson and R.V. Clarke, Business and Crime Prevention (Monsey, N.Y.: Criminal Justice Press, 1997) 219.
204. Adler A, Business and Crime Prevention 205.
205. Franz-Ludwig Knemeyer, ‘Polizei’ (1980) 9:2.
206. Thomas Osborne, ‘Security and Vitality: Drains, Liberalism and Power in the Nineteenth Century,’ in A. Barry, T. Osborne, and N. Rose, eds, Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-liberalism and Rationalities of Government (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996) 99.
207. Alan Hunt, ‘Governing the City: Liberalism and Early Modern Modes of Governance,’ in A. Barry, T. Osborne, and N. Rose, eds, Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-liberalism and Rationalities of Government (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996) 167.
208. Mark Neocleous, ‘Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ (2000) 40 British Journal of Criminology 710.
209. Hunt H, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 236.
210. Kent K, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 110.
211. Kent K, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 110.
212. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 93.
213. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 3.
214. Storch S, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 43.
215. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 93.
216. Critchley C, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 157.
217. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 43.
218. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 43.
219. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 96.
220. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 96.
221. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 96.
222. Carson C and Idzikowska I, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 167
223. Emsley E, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 43.
224. Shelley S, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 108
225. Greer G, Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention: Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty’ 108.
226. Greer G, (1999) 2 Pinkerton Solutions Magazine 36-40.
227. Greer G, www.wackenhut.com/fire.htm. Accessed May 2001.
228. Greer G, www.wackenhut.com/wii/services/.htm. Accessed May 2001.
229. Greer G, www.secureoptions.co.uk/index-ipsl.htm. Accessed May 2001.
230. George S. Rigakos, ‘The Significance of Economic Trends for the Future of Police and Security,’ in J. Richardson, ed., Police and Security: What the Future Holds (Ottawa: Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police, 2000) 176-9.
231. Emsley E, Police and Security: What the Future Holds 93.
232. Securitas S, Police and Security: What the Future Holds 259.
233. Brogden B Police and Security: What the Future Holds 95.