‘Eating the angels’ food’: Arthur wellington Clah - An aboriginal perspective on being christian, 1857-1909

Canadian Missionaries, Indigenous Peoples: Representing Religion at Home and Abroad

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 88-108

  Neylan, Susan ^a  

^a WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84967019216     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (25)

1. E. Sexsmith, Kishpiax [Kispiox], Skeena River, BC, letter dated 22 August 1888, Missionary Outlook 8, no. 12 (December 1888): 191.
2. ‘The Heavens Are Changing’: Nineteenth-Century Protestant Missions and Tsimshian Christianity (Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003). In particular, sections of this paper draw from chapter 6, The Self-Reflections of Arthur Wellington Clah,’ 161-74.
3. Wellington Clah (Tamks), ‘How Tamks Saved Duncan,’ recorded by William Beynon, 1950, in George F. MacDonald and John J. Cove, eds, Tsimshian Narratives 2: Trade and Warfare, Collected by Marius Barbeau and William Beynon, Mercury series no. 3 (Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1987), 210-11;
4. Arthur Wellington Clah, ‘Reminiscences of Arthur Wellington Clah of the Tsimpshean Indian Nation including tribal legends of the time before the Flood, and the coming of the white men, and other Indian lore, etc.,’ typescript (hereafter Clah, ‘Reminiscences’), Arthur Wellington Clah’s Journals (hereafter AWCJ), National Archives of Canada (NAC) MG 40 Fll #A-1709.
5. E. Palmer Patterson wrote ‘He was a chief of the Gitando tribe of the Coast Tsimshian.' ‘Neshaki: Kinfolk and Trade,’ Culture 10, no. 2 (1990): 20.
6. T.O. Beidelman, Colonial Evangelism: A Socio-Historical Study of an East-African Mission at the Grassroots (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982), 104-5.
7. Margaret Seguin Anderson and Tammy Anderson Blumhagen have noted in ‘Memories and Moments: Conversations and Recollections,’ BC Studies 104 (Winter 1994): 99
8. Thomas Crosby, ‘Letter dated Fort Simpson, B.C., Jan. 20 1875,’ Missionary Notices of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Canada, 3d. series, no. 2 (April 1875): 38.
9. Hilary E. Wyss, Writing Indians: Literacy, Christianity, and Native Community in Early America (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2000), 4.
10. Mary Louise Pratt, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation (New York and London: Routledge, 1992), 7.
11. David Murray, Forked Tongues: Speech, Writing, and Representation in Native American Texts (London: Pinter Publishers, 1991), 48-53;
12. Neylan, ‘The Heavens Are Changing,’ 163.
13. Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality: An Introduction, vol. 1 (1978), translated by Robert Hurly (New York: Vintage Books, 1990), 61.
14. Neylan, ‘The Heavens Are Changing,’ 163-4.
15. Brian C. Hosmer, American Indians in the Marketplace: Persistence and Innovation among the Menominees and Metlakatlans, 1870-1920 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999), 149, 161.
16. Peggy Brock, ‘Building Bridges: Politics and Religion in a First Nations Community,’ Canadian Historical Review 81, no. 1 (March 2000): 90.
17. R.M. Galois, ‘Colonial Encounters: The Worlds of Arthur Wellington Clah, 1855-1881,’ BC Studies 115-16 (Autumn/Winter 1997-8): 129-33 (especially figures 2 and 3).
18. Neylan, ‘The Heavens Are Changing,’ 162, 171.
19. Kenneth Brealey, Travels from Point Ellice: Peter O’Reilly and the Indian Reserve System in British Columbia,' BC Studies 115-16 (Autumn/Winter 1997-8): 181-236.
20. Thomas Bolt, Thomas Crosby and the Tsimshian: Small Shoes for Feet Too Large (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1992), 72-94.
21. Robin Fisher, Contact and Conflict: Indian-European Relations in British Columbia, 1774-1890 (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1977), 188.
22. Paul Tennant, Aboriginal Peoples and Politics: The Indian Land Question in British Columbia, 1849-1989 (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1990).
23. Arthur Wellington Clah,' Report of Meeting of Port Simpson Indians with Indian Agent
24. Arthur Wellington Clah, ‘Affidavit of A.W. Clah (An Indian),’ in Letter from Methodist Missionary Society to the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs regarding the British Columbia Troubles (Toronto: n.p., 1889), 43.
25. Robert Hefner, ‘World Building and the Rationality of Conversion,’ in Robert W. Hefner, ed., Conversion to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), 7.