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1
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85023905190
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Here “South” refers to a Brazilian categorization, specifically, the Southeast, which includes Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro
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Here “South” refers to a Brazilian categorization, specifically, the Southeast, which includes Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
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2
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85023957625
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The damage during the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in 1988 was inflicted largely by the Black movement, which denounced the anniversary as a farce. The Golden Law, abolishing slavery in 1888, was signed by Princess Isabel, princess of the Brazilian Empire (Brazil, though an independent state, was not yet a republic, and was governed by an emperor)
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The damage during the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in 1988 was inflicted largely by the Black movement, which denounced the anniversary as a farce. The Golden Law, abolishing slavery in 1888, was signed by Princess Isabel, princess of the Brazilian Empire (Brazil, though an independent state, was not yet a republic, and was governed by an emperor).
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3
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85023931581
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Zumbi was the last leader of thequilombo of Palmares, an independent area of several towns, villages, and settlements in what is now the state of Alagoas. Palmares was established by Africans who had freed themselves from enslavement. It lasted 100 years
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Zumbi was the last leader of the quilombo of Palmares, an independent area of several towns, villages, and settlements in what is now the state of Alagoas. Palmares was established by Africans who had freed themselves from enslavement. It lasted 100 years.
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4
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85023927339
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The Afro-Brazilian delegation of over 350 people was the largest delegation from the African diaspora. It had a tremendous impact on both the official and unofficial conferences held in Durban
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The Afro-Brazilian delegation of over 350 people was the largest delegation from the African diaspora. It had a tremendous impact on both the official and unofficial conferences held in Durban.
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5
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85023945253
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Public universities in Brazil are free. They are also the country’s best and most prestigious universities. They rank with the top universities in the world. A
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Public universities in Brazil are free. They are also the country’s best and most prestigious universities. They rank with the top universities in the world. A
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6
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85023927264
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Qilombos, still exist. Their residents have been afforded rights to their ancestral lands in the Brazilian constitution, but those rights are extremely difficult to enforce
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Qilombos still exist. Their residents have been afforded rights to their ancestral lands in the Brazilian constitution, but those rights are extremely difficult to enforce.
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7
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85023938463
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This was a demonstration built on the tradition of the 1995 March. It was less dramatic and had less impact than its predecessor. It drew approximately 10,000 activists to the capital
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This was a demonstration built on the tradition of the 1995 March. It was less dramatic and had less impact than its predecessor. It drew approximately 10,000 activists to the capital.
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8
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85023944437
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Most Afro-Brazilian activists have devoted their time, energy, and resources to movement and movement formations and organizations, and to NGOs, rather than to the state
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Most Afro-Brazilian activists have devoted their time, energy, and resources to movement and movement formations and organizations, and to NGOs, rather than to the state.
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9
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85023921610
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Personal communication from Michael Mitchell (an influential and pioneering scholar of Afro-Brazilian politics, now at Arizona State University)
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Personal communication from Michael Mitchell (an influential and pioneering scholar of Afro-Brazilian politics, now at Arizona State University).
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