What is in a smile?

Psychology of Women Quarterly

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 1987, Pages 341-352

  Deutsch, Francine M ^a   Lebaron, Dorothy ^b   Fryer, Maury March ^b  

^a MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE   (United States)

^b BATES COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84965760426     PISSN: 03616843     EISSN: 14716402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00908.x     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bem S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155–162
2. Broverman I. K., Vogel S. R., Broverman D. M., Clarkson F. E., Rosenkrantz P. S. (1972). Sex-role stereotypes: A current appraisal. Journal of Social Issues, 28, 59–92
3. Bugental D. E., Kaswan J. W., Love L. R., Fox M. N. (1970). Child versus adult perception of evaluative messages in verbal, vocal, and visual channels. Developmental Psychology, 2, 367–375
4. Bugental D. E., Love L. R., Gianetto R. M. (1971). Perfidious feminine faces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 314–318
5. Deutsch F. M., Zalenski C., Clark M. E. (1986). Is there a double standard of aging? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 771–785
6. Ekman P. (1971). Universals, and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. In Cole J. K. (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 207–283). Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press
7. Ekman P., Sorenson E. R., Friesen W. V. (1969). Pancultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science, 164, 86–88
8. Frances J. (1979). Sex differences in nonverbal behavior. Sex Roles, 5, 519–535
9. Frieze I. H., Ramsey S. J. (1976). Nonverbal maintenance of traditional sex roles. Journal of Social Issues, 32, 133–141
10. Hall J. A. (1984). Nonverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press
11. Hall J. A. (1985). Male, and female nonverbal behavior. In Siegman A. W., Feldstein S. (Eds.), Multichannel integrations of nonverbal behavior (pp. 195–225). Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum
12. Henley N. M. (1977). Body politics: Power, sex and nonverbal communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall
13. Ickes W., Turner M. (1983). On the social advantages of having an older, opposite-sex sibling: Birth order influences in mixed-sex dyads. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 210–222
14. Jones E. E., McGillis D. (1976). Correspondent inferences, and the attribution cube: A comparative reappraisal. In Harvey J. H., Ickes W. J., Kidd R. F. (Eds.), New directions in attribution research (Vol. 1, pp. 389–420). New York : Wiley
15. Jones E. E., Davis K. E. (1965). From acts to dispositions: The attribution process in person perception. In Berkowitz L. (Ed.) Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 219–266). New York : Academic
16. Keating C. F., Mazur A., Sigall M. H. (1977). Facial gestures which influence the perception of status. Sociometry, 40, 374–378
17. LaFrance M., Carmen B. (1980). The nonverbal display of psychological androgyny. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 36–49
18. Mackey W. C. (1976). Parameters of the smile as a social signal. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 129, 125–130
19. Major B. (1981). Gender patterns in touching behavior. In Mayo C., Henley N. M. (Eds.), Gender and nonverbal behavior (pp. 15–37). New York : Springer-Verlag
20. Page L. (1980). Perceived values of male and female smiling vs. not smiling. Unpublished manuscript
21. Pilkonis P. A. (1977). The behavioral consequences of shyness. Journal of Personality, 45, 596–611
22. Porter N., Geis F. (1981). Women, and nonverbal leadership cues: When seeing is not believing. In Mayo C., Henley N. M. (Eds.), Gender and nonverbal behavior (pp. 39–61). New York : Springer-Verlag
23. Ragan J. M. (1982). Gender displays in portrait photographs. Sex Roles, 8, 33–43
24. Ruble T. L. (1983). Sex stereotypes: Issues of change in the 1970s. Sex Roles, 9, 397–401
25. Shrout P. E., Fiske D. W. (1981). Nonverbal behaviors and social evaluation. Journal of Personality, 49, 115–128
26. Smith P. A., Midlarsky E. (1985). Empirically derived conceptions of femaleness and maleness: A current view. Sex Roles, 12, 313–328
27. Spence J., Helmreich R., Stapp J. (1975). Ratings of self and peers on sex-role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 29–39
28. Zimmerman D. H., West C. (1975). Sex roles, interruptions, and silences in conversation. In Thorne B., Henley N. (Eds.), Language and sex: Difference and dominance (pp. 105–125). Rowley, MA : Newbury House