메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 4, 1994, Pages 445-468

Validation of the Scale of Racial Socialization for African American Adolescents: Steps toward Multidimensionality

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84965484139     PISSN: 00957984     EISSN: 15524558     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/00957984940204005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (158)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0002560369 scopus 로고
    • The African self-consciousness scale: AnAfricanpersonality questionnaire
    • Baldwin, J. A., & Bell, Y. R. (1985). The African self-consciousness scale: AnAfricanpersonality questionnaire. Western Journal of Black Studies, 9(2), 61-68.
    • (1985) Western Journal of Black Studies , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 61-68
    • Baldwin, J.A.1    Bell, Y.R.2
  • 2
    • 0021914235 scopus 로고
    • Race related socialization, motivation, and academic achievement: A study of Black youths in three-generation families
    • Bowman, P., & Howard, C. (1985). Race related socialization, motivation, and academic achievement: A study of Black youths in three-generation families. Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 134-141.
    • (1985) Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 134-141
    • Bowman, P.1    Howard, C.2
  • 4
    • 0003130089 scopus 로고
    • The academic performance of Afro-American children
    • San Francisco: Freeman.
    • Boykin, A. W. (1983). The academic performance of Afro-American children. In J. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives. San Francisco: Freeman.
    • (1983) Achievement and achievement motives
    • Boykin, A.W.1    Spence, J.2
  • 6
    • 0000353535 scopus 로고
    • A reanalysis of the higher-order factor structure of the Motivation Analysis Test and the Eight State Questionnaire
    • Boyle, G. J. (1985). A reanalysis of the higher-order factor structure of the Motivation Analysis Test and the Eight State Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 367-374.
    • (1985) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.6 , pp. 367-374
    • Boyle, G.J.1
  • 7
    • 67651178038 scopus 로고
    • The self: Measurement requirements from an interactionist perspective
    • Burke, P. J. (1980). The self: Measurement requirements from an interactionist perspective. Social Psychology Quarterly, 43, 18-29.
    • (1980) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.43 , pp. 18-29
    • Burke, P.J.1
  • 8
    • 0002435680 scopus 로고
    • Measures of racial identity: An overview and a proposed framework
    • Burlew, A. K., & Smith, L. R. (1991). Measures of racial identity: An overview and a proposed framework. Journal of Black Psychology, 17, 53-71.
    • (1991) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 53-71
    • Burlew, A.K.1    Smith, L.R.2
  • 9
    • 84937549955 scopus 로고
    • The scree test for the number of factors
    • Cattell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Researcher, 1, 245-276.
    • (1966) Multivariate Behavioral Researcher , vol.1 , pp. 245-276
    • Cattell, R.B.1
  • 10
    • 0002442479 scopus 로고
    • Racial identification and preference in Negro children
    • New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
    • Clark, K. B., & Clark, M. P. (1947). Racial identification and preference in Negro children. In T. M. Newcomb & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
    • (1947) Readings in social psychology
    • Clark, K.B.1    Clark, M.P.2    Newcomb, T.M.3    Hartley, E.L.4
  • 11
    • 77950088241 scopus 로고
    • Negro, Black and nigger
    • Cole, J. (1970). Negro, Black and nigger. Black Scholar, 1, 40-44.
    • (1970) Black Scholar , vol.1 , pp. 40-44
    • Cole, J.1
  • 12
    • 0000648643 scopus 로고
    • The stages of Black identity development: Nigrescence models
    • 3rd ed. Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.
    • Cross, W. E., Parham, T. A., & Helms, J. E. (1991). The stages of Black identity development: Nigrescence models. In R. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology (3rd ed., pp. 319-338). Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.
    • (1991) Black psychology , pp. 319-338
    • Cross, W.E.1    Parham, T.A.2    Helms, J.E.3    Jones, R.4
  • 13
    • 84935508875 scopus 로고
    • Socialization and racial identity among Black Americans
    • Demo, D. H., & Hughes, M. (1990). Socialization and racial identity among Black Americans. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53(4), 364-374.
    • (1990) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 364-374
    • Demo, D.H.1    Hughes, M.2
  • 15
    • 0000364575 scopus 로고
    • Health in the African American community: Accounting for health inequalities
    • Dressler, W. W. (1993). Health in the African American community: Accounting for health inequalities. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 7, 325-345.
    • (1993) Medical Anthropology Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 325-345
    • Dressler, W.W.1
  • 19
    • 0141847059 scopus 로고
    • The transmission of cultural values to young African American children
    • Hale, J. (1991). The transmission of cultural values to young African American children. Young Children, 46, 7-15.
    • (1991) Young Children , vol.46 , pp. 7-15
    • Hale, J.1
  • 20
    • 0141623683 scopus 로고
    • The Black family's socializing environment: Self-esteem and ethnic attitude among Black children
    • Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • Harrison, A. O. (1985). The Black family's socializing environment: Self-esteem and ethnic attitude among Black children. In H. P. McAdoo & J. L. McAdoo (Eds.), Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments (pp. 159-173). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1985) Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments , pp. 159-173
    • Harrison, A.O.1    McAdoo, H.P.2    McAdoo, J.L.3
  • 21
    • 0345757409 scopus 로고
    • African American strengths: A survey of empirical findings
    • Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.
    • Hayles, V. R. (1991). African American strengths: A survey of empirical findings. In R. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology. Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.
    • (1991) Black psychology
    • Hayles, V.R.1    Jones, R.2
  • 23
    • 0002754982 scopus 로고
    • Family, socialization environment, and identity development in Black Americans
    • 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • Jackson, J. S., McCullough, W. R., & Gurin, G. (1988). Family, socialization environment, and identity development in Black Americans. In H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Black families (2nd ed., pp. 242-256). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1988) Black families , pp. 242-256
    • Jackson, J.S.1    McCullough, W.R.2    Gurin, G.3    McAdoo, H.P.4
  • 25
    • 0013289788 scopus 로고
    • Racial socialization strategies of parents in three Black private schools
    • New York: Greenwood.
    • Johnson, D. J. (1988). Racial socialization strategies of parents in three Black private schools. In D. T. Slaughter & D. J. Johnson (Eds.), Visible now: Blacks in private schools (pp. 251-267). New York: Greenwood.
    • (1988) Visible now: Blacks in private schools , pp. 251-267
    • Johnson, D.J.1    Slaughter, D.T.2    Johnson, D.J.3
  • 26
    • 0002836151 scopus 로고
    • The politics of personality: Being Black in America
    • Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry
    • Jones, J. (1991). The politics of personality: Being Black in America. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology (pp. 305-318). Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry
    • (1991) Black psychology , pp. 305-318
    • Jones, J.1    Jones, R.L.2
  • 27
    • 0002515496 scopus 로고
    • The roles of Black fathers in the socialization of Black children
    • 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • McAdoo, J. L. (1988). The roles of Black fathers in the socialization of Black children. In H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Black families (2nd ed., pp. 257-269). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1988) Black families , pp. 257-269
    • McAdoo, J.L.1    McAdoo, H.P.2
  • 28
    • 84977196233 scopus 로고
    • The development and validation of an instrument to assess an optimal Afrocentric world view
    • Montgomery, D. E., Fine, M. E., & Myers, L. J. (1990). The development and validation of an instrument to assess an optimal Afrocentric world view. Journal of Black Psychology, 17, 37-54.
    • (1990) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 37-54
    • Montgomery, D.E.1    Fine, M.E.2    Myers, L.J.3
  • 30
    • 33845312939 scopus 로고
    • Africanity: Its role in Black families
    • Nobles, W. (1974). Africanity: Its role in Black families. The Black Scholar, 5, 9-9.
    • (1974) The Black Scholar , vol.5 , pp. 9
    • Nobles, W.1
  • 31
    • 0001972955 scopus 로고
    • African philosophy: Foundations for Black psychology
    • Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.
    • Nobles, W. (1991). African philosophy: Foundations for Black psychology. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology (pp. 47-63). Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.
    • (1991) Black psychology , pp. 47-63
    • Nobles, W.1    Jones, R.L.2
  • 32
    • 84965523667 scopus 로고
    • Discussant in Cultural contexts of identity formation-Some international perspectives
    • August).Invited symposium at the 101st convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. Ontario, Canada
    • Parham, T. A. (1993, August). Discussant in Cultural contexts of identity formation-Some international perspectives. Invited symposium at the 101st convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. Ontario, Canada.
    • (1993)
    • Parham, T.A.1
  • 33
    • 0039930131 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of demographic and background factors to racial identity attitudes
    • Parham, T. A., & Williams, P. T. (1993). The relationship of demographic and background factors to racial identity attitudes. Journal of Black Psychology, 19, 7-24.
    • (1993) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 7-24
    • Parham, T.A.1    Williams, P.T.2
  • 37
    • 84965704415 scopus 로고
    • Expanding directions for racial identity research
    • Ponterotto, J. G. (1989). Expanding directions for racial identity research. The Counseling Psychologist, 17, 264-272.
    • (1989) The Counseling Psychologist , vol.17 , pp. 264-272
    • Ponterotto, J.G.1
  • 39
    • 0001315012 scopus 로고
    • The complexities of diversity: Exploring multiple oppressions
    • Reynolds, A. L., & Pope, R. L. (1991). The complexities of diversity: Exploring multiple oppressions. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 174-180.
    • (1991) Journal of Counseling and Development , vol.70 , pp. 174-180
    • Reynolds, A.L.1    Pope, R.L.2
  • 42
    • 84965367566 scopus 로고
    • The multi-dimensional aspect of racial identification in everyday life
    • August).Paper presented at centennial annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
    • Sanders Thompson, V. (1992, August). The multi-dimensional aspect of racial identification in everyday life. Paper presented at centennial annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
    • (1992)
    • Sanders Thompson, V.1
  • 43
    • 84965395321 scopus 로고
    • Socialization to race and its relationship to racial identification among African Americans
    • Sanders Thompson, V. (1994). Socialization to race and its relationship to racial identification among African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 20, 175-188.
    • (1994) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 175-188
    • Sanders Thompson, V.1
  • 45
    • 84965629717 scopus 로고
    • Black racial identity development: Issues and concerns
    • Smith, E. J. (1989). Black racial identity development: Issues and concerns. The Counseling Psychologist, 17, 277-288.
    • (1989) The Counseling Psychologist , vol.17 , pp. 277-288
    • Smith, E.J.1
  • 46
    • 0001466612 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic identity development: Toward the development of a theory within the context of majority/minority status
    • Smith, E. J. (1991). Ethnic identity development: Toward the development of a theory within the context of majority/minority status. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 181-188.
    • (1991) Journal of Counseling and Development , vol.70 , pp. 181-188
    • Smith, E.J.1
  • 47
    • 0001449397 scopus 로고
    • Children's cultural values and parental child rearing strategies
    • Spencer, M. B. (1983). Children's cultural values and parental child rearing strategies. Developmental Review, 3, 351-370.
    • (1983) Developmental Review , vol.3 , pp. 351-370
    • Spencer, M.B.1
  • 48
    • 0021226299 scopus 로고
    • Black children's race awareness, racial attitudes, and self-concept. A reinterpretation
    • Spencer, M. B. (1984). Black children's race awareness, racial attitudes, and self-concept. A reinterpretation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, 433-441.
    • (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 433-441
    • Spencer, M.B.1
  • 50
    • 0008264224 scopus 로고
    • Parental values transmission: Implications for the development of African American children
    • Atlanta, GA: Transactions.
    • Spencer, M. B. (1990). Parental values transmission: Implications for the development of African American children. In J. B. Stewart & H. Cheatham (Eds.), Interdisciplinary perspectives on Blackfamilies. Atlanta, GA: Transactions.
    • (1990) Interdisciplinary perspectives on Blackfamilies
    • Spencer, M.B.1    Stewart, J.B.2    Cheatham, H.3
  • 51
    • 85004899696 scopus 로고
    • Identity processes among racial and ethnic minority children in America
    • Spencer, M. B., & Markstrom-Adams, C. (1990). Identity processes among racial and ethnic minority children in America. Child Development, 61, 290-310.
    • (1990) Child Development , vol.61 , pp. 290-310
    • Spencer, M.B.1    Markstrom-Adams, C.2
  • 52
    • 84928833783 scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity, ethnic identity, and competence formation: Adolescent transition and cultural transformation
    • Spencer, M. B., Swanson, D. P., & Cunningham, M. (1991). Ethnicity, ethnic identity, and competence formation: Adolescent transition and cultural transformation. Journal of Negro Education, 60, 366-387.
    • (1991) Journal of Negro Education , vol.60 , pp. 366-387
    • Spencer, M.B.1    Swanson, D.P.2    Cunningham, M.3
  • 53
    • 0008745605 scopus 로고
    • Validation of the scale of racial socialization for African American adolescents: A preliminary analysis
    • Stevenson, H. C. (1993a). Validation of the scale of racial socialization for African American adolescents: A preliminary analysis. Psych Discourse, 24, 12-12.
    • (1993) Psych Discourse , vol.24 , pp. 12
    • Stevenson, H.C.1
  • 54
    • 84965505109 scopus 로고
    • New theoretical considerations in assessing racial socialization attitudes in African American youth: Getting an eye 's view of the “we.
    • August. Paper presented at the invited symposium at the 101st convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Stevenson, H. C. (1993b, August). New theoretical considerations in assessing racial socialization attitudes in African American youth: Getting an eye 's view of the “we.“ Paper presented at the invited symposium at the 101st convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    • (1993)
    • Stevenson, H.C.1
  • 55
    • 84965372852 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of adolescent perceptions of racial socialization to racial identity
    • Manuscript submitted for publication, University of Pennsylvania
    • Stevenson, H. C. (1994). Relationship of adolescent perceptions of racial socialization to racial identity. Manuscript submitted for publication, University of Pennsylvania.
    • (1994)
    • Stevenson, H.C.1
  • 56
    • 21344493615 scopus 로고
    • Trusting wise ole' owls: Employing cultural strengths in psychotherapy with African American families
    • Stevenson H. C., & Renard, G. (1993). Trusting wise ole' owls: Employing cultural strengths in psychotherapy with African American families. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 24(4), 433-442.
    • (1993) Professional Psychology: Research and Practice , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 433-442
    • Stevenson, H.C.1    Renard, G.2
  • 57
    • 0003042376 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the reliability, factor structure, and validity of the African Self-Consciousness Scale in a general population of African Americans
    • Stokes, J. E., Murray, C. B., Peacock, M. J., & Kaiser, R. T. (1994). Assessing the reliability, factor structure, and validity of the African Self-Consciousness Scale in a general population of African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 20, 62-74.
    • (1994) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 62-74
    • Stokes, J.E.1    Murray, C.B.2    Peacock, M.J.3    Kaiser, R.T.4
  • 58
    • 0025409577 scopus 로고
    • Sociodemographic and environmental correlates of racial socialization by Black parents
    • Thornton, M. C., Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., & Allen, W. R. (1990). Sociodemographic and environmental correlates of racial socialization by Black parents. Child Development, 61, 401-409.
    • (1990) Child Development , vol.61 , pp. 401-409
    • Thornton, M.C.1    Chatters, L.M.2    Taylor, R.J.3    Allen, W.R.4
  • 59
    • 58149369106 scopus 로고
    • The Black extended family: An analytical consideration
    • Wilson, M. N. (1986). The Black extended family: An analytical consideration. Developmental Psychology, 22, 246-258.
    • (1986) Developmental Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 246-258
    • Wilson, M.N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.