Secular trends and evaluation of complex interventions: The rising tide phenomenon

BMJ Quality and Safety

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 303-310

  Chen, Yen Fu ^a   Hemming, Karla ^b   Stevens, Andrew J ^b   Lilford, Richard J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AWARENESS; CONTROL GROUP; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; RECOGNITION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REFERENCE VALUE; STANDARDS; TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT; TRENDS; UNITED STATES;

DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; HUMANS; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; REFERENCE VALUES; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84964815324     PISSN: 20445415     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004372     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 1965;58:295-300.
2. Keogh-Brown MR, Bachmann MO, Shepstone L, et al. Contamination in trials of educational interventions. Health Technol Assess 2007;11:1-107.
3. Torgerson DJ. Contamination in trials: is cluster randomisation the answer? BMJ 2001;322:355-7.
4. Benning A, Dixon-Woods M, Nwulu U, et al. Multiple component patient safety intervention in English hospitals: controlled evaluation of second phase. BMJ 2011;342:d199.
5. Benning A, Ghaleb M, Suokas A, et al. Large scale organisational intervention to improve patient safety in four UK hospitals: mixed method evaluation. BMJ 2011;342:d195.
6. National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence. Acutely ill patients in hospital. Recognition of and response to acute illness in adults in hospital. NICE clinical guideline 50, 2007.
7. Health Protection Agency. Surveillance of healthcare associated infections report: 2008. 2008. http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb-C/1216193833496 (accessed 21 Nov 2011).
8. Stone S, Slade R, Fuller C, et al. Early communication: Does a national campaign to improve hand hygiene in the NHS work? Initial English and Welsh experience from the NOSEC study (National Observational Study to Evaluate the CleanYourHandsCampaign). J Hosp Infect 2007;66:293-6.
9. Pearson SD, Kleefield SF, Soukop JR, et al. Critical pathways intervention to reduce length of hospital stay. Am J Med 2001;110:175-80.
10. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2004. With Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans. 2004. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK20751/pdf/TOC.pdf (accessed 2 Feb 2015).
11. Landon BE, Wilson IB, McInnes K, et al. Effects of a quality improvement collaborative on the outcome of care of patients with HIV Infection: The EQHIV Study. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:887-96.
12. Shapiro MF, Morton SC, McCaffrey DF, et al. Variations in the care of HIV-infected adults in the United States. JAMA 1999;281:2305-15.
13. Hillman K, Chen J, Cretikos M, et al., MERIT Study Investigators. Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:2091-7.
14. Bristow PJ, Hilman KM, Chey T, et al. Rates of in-hospital arrests, deaths and intensive care admissions: the effect of a medical emergency team. Med J Aust 2000;173:236-40.
15. Cretikos MA, Chen J, Hilman KM, et al. The effectiveness of implementation of the medical emergency team (MET) system and factors associated with use during the MERIT study. Crit Care Resusc 2007;9:205-12.
16. Jones D, George C, Hart G, et al. Introduction of medical emergency teams in Australia and New Zealand: a multi-centre study. Crit Care 2008;12:R46.
17. Bandura A, Grusec JE, Menlove FL. Some social determinants of self-monitoring reinforcement systems. J Pers Soc Psychol 1967;5:449-55.
18. Sheldon T. Safety alerts on drugs-how trusts follow the rules. J Health Serv Res Policy 2010;15(Suppl 1):44-7.
19. Neily J, Mills PD, Young-Xu Y, et al. Association between implementation of a medical team training program and surgical mortality. JAMA 2010;304:1693-700.
20. Andriole GL, Grubb RL, Buys SS, et al. Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1310-19.
21. Thompson C, Kinmonth AL, Stevens L, et al. Effects of a clinical-practice guideline and practice-based education on detection and outcome of depression in primary care: Hampshire Depression Project randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:185-91.
22. Solberg LI, Kottke TE, Brekke ML, et al. Failure of a continuous quality improvement intervention to increase the delivery of preventive services: a randomized trial. Eff Clin Pract 2000;3:105-15.
23. Bion J, Richardson A, Hibbert P, et al. 'Matching Michigan': a 2-year stepped interventional programme to minimise central venous catheter-blood stream infections in intensive care units in England. BMJ Qual Saf 2013;22:110-23.
24. Osborne NH, Nicholas LH, Ryan AM, et al. Association of hospital participation in a quality reporting program with surgical outcomes and expenditures for Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA 2015;313:496-504.
25. Etzioni DA,Wasif N, Dueck AC, et al. Association of hospital participation in a surgical outcomes monitoring program with inpatient complications and mortality. JAMA 2015;313:505-11.
26. Schwartz D, Lellouch J. Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. J Chronic Dis 1967;20:637-48.
27. Lilford RJ, Braunholtz D. For Debate: The statistical basis of public policy: a paradigm shift is overdue. BMJ 1996;313:603-7.
28. Brown C, Hofer T, Johal A, et al. An epistemology of patient safety research: a framework for study design and interpretation. Part 2. Study design. Qual Saf Health Care 2008;17:163-9.
29. Craig P, Cooper C, Gunnell D, et al. Using natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions: guidance for producers and users of evidence. 2011. http://www.mrc.ac.uk/Utilities/Documentrecord/index.htm?d=MRC008043 (accessed 4 Apr 2012).
30. Craig P, Dieppe P, Macintyre S, et al. Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ 2008;337:a1655.
31. Eccles M, Grimshaw J, Campbell M, et al. Research designs for studies evaluating the effectiveness of change and improvement strategies. Qual Saf Health Care 2003;12:47-52.
32. Lilford RJ, Chilton PJ, Hemming K, et al. Evaluating policy and service interventions: framework to guide selection and interpretation of study end points. BMJ 2010;341:c4413.
33. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group. Study designs accepted in EPOC reviews. 2013. http://epoc. cochrane.org/epoc-resources (accessed 17 May 2013).
34. Shadish WR, Cook TD, Campbell DT. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
35. Hemming K, Girling AJ, Sitch AJ, et al. Sample size calculations for cluster randomised controlled trials with a fixed number of clusters. BMC Med Res Methodol 2011;11:102.
36. Lilford R, Jecock R, Shaw H, et al. Commissioning health services research: an iterative method. J Health Serv Res Policy 1999;4:164-7.
37. Hemming K, Haines TP, Chilton PJ, et al. The stepped wedge cluster randomised trial: rationale, design, analysis, and reporting. BMJ 2015;350:h391.
38. Brown CA, Lilford RJ. The stepped wedge trial design: a systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol 2006;6:54.
39. Mdege ND, Man MS, Taylor CA, et al. Systematic review of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials shows that design is particularly used to evaluate interventions during routine implementation. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:936-48.