메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 148-157

Wechsler adult intelligence scale-fourth edition (WAIS-IV) processing speed scores as measures of noncredible responding: The third generation of embedded performance validity indicators

Author keywords

Coding; Embedded validity indicators; Performance validity testing; Processing speed; WAIS IV

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CODING SCALED SCORE; CODING SYMBOL SEARCH RAW SCORE RATIO; COGNITION; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; FEMALE; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PERFORMANCE VALIDITY TESTING; PROCESSING SPEED; PROCESSING SPEED INDEX; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SYMBOL SEARCH SCALED SCORE; VALIDITY; WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; EPILEPSY; INTELLIGENCE; MENTAL DISEASE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE;

EID: 84964412453     PISSN: 10403590     EISSN: 1939134X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/pas0000319     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (95)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 16244371033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of finger tapping test scores for the detection of suspect effort
    • Arnold, G., Boone, K. B., Lu, P., Dean, A., Wen, J., Nitch, S., & McPherson, S. (2005). Sensitivity and specificity of finger tapping test scores for the detection of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 105-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040490888567
    • (2005) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.19 , pp. 105-120
    • Arnold, G.1    Boone, K.B.2    Lu, P.3    Dean, A.4    Wen, J.5    Nitch, S.6    McPherson, S.7
  • 2
    • 0035728852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance characteristics of postacute traumatic brain injury patients on the WAIS-III and WMS-III
    • Axelrod, B. N., Fichtenberg, N. L., Liethen, P. C., Czarnota, M. A., & Stucky, K. (2001). Performance characteristics of postacute traumatic brain injury patients on the WAIS-III and WMS-III. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15, 516 -520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/clin.15.4.516 .1884
    • (2001) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.15 , pp. 516 -520
    • Axelrod, B.N.1    Fichtenberg, N.L.2    Liethen, P.C.3    Czarnota, M.A.4    Stucky, K.5
  • 3
    • 33747139688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting incomplete effort with Digit Span from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition
    • Axelrod, B. N., Fichtenberg, N. L., Millis, S. R., & Wertheimer, J. C. (2006). Detecting incomplete effort with Digit Span from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20, 513-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040590967117
    • (2006) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.20 , pp. 513-523
    • Axelrod, B.N.1    Fichtenberg, N.L.2    Millis, S.R.3    Wertheimer, J.C.4
  • 4
    • 84906303862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finger Tapping Test performance as a measure of performance validity
    • Axelrod, B. N., Meyers, J. E., & Davis, J. J. (2014). Finger Tapping Test performance as a measure of performance validity. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28, 876-888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2014.907583
    • (2014) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.28 , pp. 876-888
    • Axelrod, B.N.1    Meyers, J.E.2    Davis, J.J.3
  • 5
    • 30344460502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of various digit span scores in the detection of suspect effort
    • Babikian, T., Boone, K. B., Lu, P., & Arnold, G. (2006). Sensitivity and specificity of various digit span scores in the detection of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20, 145-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 13854040590947362
    • (2006) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.20 , pp. 145-159
    • Babikian, T.1    Boone, K.B.2    Lu, P.3    Arnold, G.4
  • 6
    • 31144434644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of the California Verbal Learning Test II to detect incomplete effort in a traumatic brain-injury sample
    • Bauer, L., Yantz, C. L., Ryan, L. M., Warden, D. L., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2005). An examination of the California Verbal Learning Test II to detect incomplete effort in a traumatic brain-injury sample. Applied Neuropsychology, 12, 202-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324826an1204_3
    • (2005) Applied Neuropsychology , vol.12 , pp. 202-207
    • Bauer, L.1    Yantz, C.L.2    Ryan, L.M.3    Warden, D.L.4    McCaffrey, R.J.5
  • 7
    • 84942368146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging as a biomarker in symptom validity and performance validity testing
    • Bigler, E. D. (2015). Neuroimaging as a biomarker in symptom validity and performance validity testing. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 9, 421-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-015-9409-1
    • (2015) Brain Imaging and Behavior , vol.9 , pp. 421-444
    • Bigler, E.D.1
  • 8
    • 34047152324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) practice guidelines for neuropsychological assessment and consultation
    • Board of Directors. (2007). American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) practice guidelines for neuropsychological assessment and consultation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21, 209-231. http://dx.doi .org/10.1080/13825580601025932
    • (2007) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.21 , pp. 209-231
  • 11
    • 19344377330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptom validity assessment: Practice issues and medical necessity NAN policy & planning committee
    • Bush, S. S., Ruff, R. M., Tröster, A. I., Barth, J. T., Koffler, S. P., Pliskin, N. H.,. the NAN Policy and Planning Committees. (2005). Symptom validity assessment: Practice issues and medical necessity NAN policy & planning committee. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 419-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2005.02.002
    • (2005) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.20 , pp. 419-426
    • Bush, S.S.1    Ruff, R.M.2    Tröster, A.I.3    Barth, J.T.4    Koffler, S.P.5    Pliskin, N.H.6
  • 12
    • 84909629673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent effect of type of compensation seeking (disability versus litigation) on performance validity test scores may be due to other factors
    • Cottingham, M. E., Victor, T. L., Boone, K. B., Ziegler, E. A., & Zeller, M. (2014). Apparent effect of type of compensation seeking (disability versus litigation) on performance validity test scores may be due to other factors. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28, 1030-1047. http://dx.doi .org/10.1080/13854046.2014.951397
    • (2014) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.28 , pp. 1030-1047
    • Cottingham, M.E.1    Victor, T.L.2    Boone, K.B.3    Ziegler, E.A.4    Zeller, M.5
  • 13
    • 70449723060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III and malingering in traumatic brain injury: Classification accuracy in known groups
    • Curtis, K. L., Greve, K. W., & Bianchini, K. J. (2009). The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III and malingering in traumatic brain injury: Classification accuracy in known groups. Assessment, 16, 401-414. http://dx .doi.org/10.1177/1073191109338161
    • (2009) Assessment , vol.16 , pp. 401-414
    • Curtis, K.L.1    Greve, K.W.2    Bianchini, K.J.3
  • 14
    • 50649100855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal fluency indicators of malingering in traumatic brain injury: Classification accuracy in known groups
    • Curtis, K. L., Thompson, L. K., Greve, K. W., & Bianchini, K. J. (2008). Verbal fluency indicators of malingering in traumatic brain injury: Classification accuracy in known groups. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 930-945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040701563591
    • (2008) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.22 , pp. 930-945
    • Curtis, K.L.1    Thompson, L.K.2    Greve, K.W.3    Bianchini, K.J.4
  • 15
    • 84919663635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition after traumatic brain injury
    • Donders, J., & Strong, C. A. H. (2015). Clinical utility of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition after traumatic brain injury. Assessment, 22, 17-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191114530776
    • (2015) Assessment , vol.22 , pp. 17-22
    • Donders, J.1    Strong, C.A.H.2
  • 16
    • 84939891516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the Recognition Memory Test and the Word Choice Test in a mixed clinical sample: Are they equivalent?
    • Erdodi, L. A., Kirsch, N. L., Lajiness-O'Neill, R., Vingilis, E., & Medoff, B. (2014a). Comparing the Recognition Memory Test and the Word Choice Test in a mixed clinical sample: Are they equivalent? Psychological Injury and Law, 7, 255-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12207- 014-9197-8
    • (2014) Psychological Injury and Law , vol.7 , pp. 255-263
    • Erdodi, L.A.1    Kirsch, N.L.2    Lajiness-O'Neill, R.3    Vingilis, E.4    Medoff, B.5
  • 17
    • 84905024888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggregating validity indicators embedded in Conners' CPT-II outperforms individual cutoffs at separating valid from invalid performance in adults with traumatic brain injury
    • Erdodi, L. A., Roth, R. M., Kirsch, N. L., Lajiness-O'neill, R., & Medoff, B. (2014b). Aggregating validity indicators embedded in Conners' CPT-II outperforms individual cutoffs at separating valid from invalid performance in adults with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 29, 456-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu026
    • (2014) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.29 , pp. 456-466
    • Erdodi, L.A.1    Roth, R.M.2    Kirsch, N.L.3    Lajiness-O'neill, R.4    Medoff, B.5
  • 19
    • 85011640947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spoiled for choice: Making comparisons between forcedchoice effort tests
    • In K. B. Boone (Ed.), New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • Green, P. (2013). Spoiled for choice: Making comparisons between forcedchoice effort tests. In K. B. Boone (Ed.), Clinical practice of forensic neuropsychology. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • (2013) Clinical practice of forensic neuropsychology
    • Green, P.1
  • 20
    • 0027991335 scopus 로고
    • Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample
    • Greiffenstein, M. F., Baker, W. J., & Gola, T. (1994). Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 6, 218-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.3 .218
    • (1994) Psychological Assessment , vol.6 , pp. 218-224
    • Greiffenstein, M.F.1    Baker, W.J.2    Gola, T.3
  • 21
    • 2442562127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting empirical cut-offs on psychometric indicators of negative response bias: A methodological commentary with recommendations
    • Greve, K. W., & Bianchini, K. J. (2004). Setting empirical cut-offs on psychometric indicators of negative response bias: A methodological commentary with recommendations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 533-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2003.08.002
    • (2004) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.19 , pp. 533-541
    • Greve, K.W.1    Bianchini, K.J.2
  • 22
    • 70350077780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the original and second edition of the California Verbal Learning Test equally accurate in detecting malingering?
    • Greve, K. W., Curtis, K. L., Bianchini, K. J., & Ord, J. S. (2009). Are the original and second edition of the California Verbal Learning Test equally accurate in detecting malingering? Assessment, 16, 237-248.
    • (2009) Assessment , vol.16 , pp. 237-248
    • Greve, K.W.1    Curtis, K.L.2    Bianchini, K.J.3    Ord, J.S.4
  • 23
    • 0023615239 scopus 로고
    • Can localised brain impairment be simulated on neuropsychological test profiles?
    • Hayward, L., Hall, W., Hunt, M., & Zubrick, S. R. (1987). Can localised brain impairment be simulated on neuropsychological test profiles? The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 21, 87-93. http:// dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678709160904
    • (1987) The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 87-93
    • Hayward, L.1    Hall, W.2    Hunt, M.3    Zubrick, S.R.4
  • 24
    • 27944463742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan battery: Demographically adjusted neuropsychological norms for African American and Caucasian adults
    • Lutz, FL: PAR.
    • Heaton, R. K., Miller, S. W., Taylor, M. J., & Grant, L. (2004). Revised comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan battery: Demographically adjusted neuropsychological norms for African American and Caucasian adults. Lutz, FL: PAR.
    • (2004)
    • Heaton, R.K.1    Miller, S.W.2    Taylor, M.J.3    Grant, L.4
  • 25
    • 70349439055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Consensus Conference Statement on the neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering
    • Heilbronner, R. L., Sweet, J. J., Morgan, J. E., Larrabee, G. J., Millis, S. R., & the Conference Participants. (2009). American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Consensus Conference Statement on the neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 1093-1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 13854040903155063
    • (2009) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.23 , pp. 1093-1129
    • Heilbronner, R.L.1    Sweet, J.J.2    Morgan, J.E.3    Larrabee, G.J.4    Millis, S.R.5
  • 26
    • 28244492846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WAIS digit span-based indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Classification accuracy in traumatic brain injury
    • Heinly, M. T., Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., Love, J. M., & Brennan, A. (2005). WAIS digit span-based indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Classification accuracy in traumatic brain injury. Assessment, 12, 429-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191105281099
    • (2005) Assessment , vol.12 , pp. 429-444
    • Heinly, M.T.1    Greve, K.W.2    Bianchini, K.J.3    Love, J.M.4    Brennan, A.5
  • 27
    • 0036136072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-validation of indicators of malingering: A comparison of nine neuropsychological tests, four tests of malingering, and behavioral observations
    • Inman, T. H., & Berry, D. T. R. (2002). Cross-validation of indicators of malingering: A comparison of nine neuropsychological tests, four tests of malingering, and behavioral observations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17, 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/17.1.1
    • (2002) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.17 , pp. 1-23
    • Inman, T.H.1    Berry, D.T.R.2
  • 28
    • 0036706086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting exaggeration and malingering with the trail making test
    • Iverson, G. L., Lange, R. T., Green, P., & Franzen, M. D. (2002). Detecting exaggeration and malingering with the trail making test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 16, 398-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/clin.16.3.398.13861
    • (2002) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.16 , pp. 398-406
    • Iverson, G.L.1    Lange, R.T.2    Green, P.3    Franzen, M.D.4
  • 29
    • 76149116891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Warrington Recognition Memory Test for words as a measure of response bias: Total score and response time cutoffs developed on "real world" credible and noncredible subjects
    • Kim, M. S., Boone, K. B., Victor, T., Marion, S. D., Amano, S., Cottingham, M. E.,. Zeller, M. A. (2010b). The Warrington Recognition Memory Test for words as a measure of response bias: Total score and response time cutoffs developed on "real world" credible and noncredible subjects. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 60-70. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acp088
    • (2010) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.25 , pp. 60-70
    • Kim, M.S.1    Boone, K.B.2    Victor, T.3    Marion, S.D.4    Amano, S.5    Cottingham, M.E.6    Zeller, M.A.7
  • 30
    • 77954821747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of a digit symbol recognition trial in the identification of response bias
    • Kim, N., Boone, K. B., Victor, T., Lu, P., Keatinge, C., & Mitchell, C. (2010a). Sensitivity and specificity of a digit symbol recognition trial in the identification of response bias. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 420-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acq040
    • (2010) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.25 , pp. 420-428
    • Kim, N.1    Boone, K.B.2    Victor, T.3    Lu, P.4    Keatinge, C.5    Mitchell, C.6
  • 32
    • 84882566571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II to detect poor effort in US military personnel following traumatic brain injury
    • Lange, R. T., Iverson, G. L., Brickell, T. A., Staver, T., Pancholi, S., Bhagwant, A., & French, L. M. (2013). Clinical utility of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II to detect poor effort in US military personnel following traumatic brain injury. Psychological Assessment, 25, 339-352.
    • (2013) Psychological Assessment , vol.25 , pp. 339-352
    • Lange, R.T.1    Iverson, G.L.2    Brickell, T.A.3    Staver, T.4    Pancholi, S.5    Bhagwant, A.6    French, L.M.7
  • 33
    • 0346539001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests
    • Larrabee, G. J. (2003). Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 410-425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/clin.17.3.410.18089
    • (2003) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.17 , pp. 410-425
    • Larrabee, G.J.1
  • 34
    • 46449093698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggregation across multiple indicators improves the detection of malingering: Relationship to likelihood ratios
    • Larrabee, G. J. (2008). Aggregation across multiple indicators improves the detection of malingering: Relationship to likelihood ratios. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 666-679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040701494987
    • (2008) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.22 , pp. 666-679
    • Larrabee, G.J.1
  • 35
    • 84958057735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introducing a forced-choice recognition task to the California Verbal Learning Test - Children's Version
    • [Advance online publication]
    • Lichtenstein, J. D., Erdodi, L. A., & Linnea, K. S. (2016). Introducing a forced-choice recognition task to the California Verbal Learning Test - Children's Version. [Advance online publication]. Child Neuropsychology, 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2015.1135422
    • (2016) Child Neuropsychology , pp. 1-16
    • Lichtenstein, J.D.1    Erdodi, L.A.2    Linnea, K.S.3
  • 36
    • 77649152194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the limits: Cautions and concerns regarding the new Wechsler IQ and Memory scales
    • Loring, D. W., & Bauer, R. M. (2010). Testing the limits: Cautions and concerns regarding the new Wechsler IQ and Memory scales. Neurology, 74, 685-690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d0cd12
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , pp. 685-690
    • Loring, D.W.1    Bauer, R.M.2
  • 37
    • 0346328625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and the Meyers and Meyers recognition trial in the detection of suspect effort
    • Lu, P. H., Boone, K. B., Cozolino, L., & Mitchell, C. (2003). Effectiveness of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and the Meyers and Meyers recognition trial in the detection of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 426-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/clin.17.3.426.18083
    • (2003) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.17 , pp. 426-440
    • Lu, P.H.1    Boone, K.B.2    Cozolino, L.3    Mitchell, C.4
  • 38
    • 84857614579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are embedded validity indices equivalent to free-standing symptom validity tests?
    • Miele, A. S., Gunner, J. H., Lynch, J. K., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2012). Are embedded validity indices equivalent to free-standing symptom validity tests? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 10-22. http://dx.doi .org/10.1093/arclin/acr084
    • (2012) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.27 , pp. 10-22
    • Miele, A.S.1    Gunner, J.H.2    Lynch, J.K.3    McCaffrey, R.J.4
  • 40
    • 79955927335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced clinical solutions for the WAIS-IV and WMSIV: Technical manual
    • San Antonio, TX: Author.
    • Pearson. (2009). Advanced clinical solutions for the WAIS-IV and WMSIV: Technical manual. San Antonio, TX: Author.
    • (2009)
  • 41
    • 84873033168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross validation of the Lu and colleagues (2003) Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test effort equation in a large known-group sample
    • Reedy, S. D., Boone, K. B., Cottingham, M. E., Glaser, D. F., Lu, P. H., Victor, T. L.,. Wright, M. J. (2013). Cross validation of the Lu and colleagues (2003) Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test effort equation in a large known-group sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28, 30-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acs106
    • (2013) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.28 , pp. 30-37
    • Reedy, S.D.1    Boone, K.B.2    Cottingham, M.E.3    Glaser, D.F.4    Lu, P.H.5    Victor, T.L.6    Wright, M.J.7
  • 42
    • 84890858808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WAIS-IV reliable digit span is no more accurate than age corrected scaled score as an indicator of invalid performance in a veteran sample undergoing evaluation for mTBI
    • Spencer, R. J., Axelrod, B. N., Drag, L. L., Waldron-Perrine, B., Pangilinan, P. H., & Bieliauskas, L. A. (2013). WAIS-IV reliable digit span is no more accurate than age corrected scaled score as an indicator of invalid performance in a veteran sample undergoing evaluation for mTBI. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 27, 1362-1372. http://dx.doi .org/10.1080/13854046.2013.845248
    • (2013) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.27 , pp. 1362-1372
    • Spencer, R.J.1    Axelrod, B.N.2    Drag, L.L.3    Waldron-Perrine, B.4    Pangilinan, P.H.5    Bieliauskas, L.A.6
  • 43
    • 84924907095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embedded measures of performance validity using verbal fluency tests in a clinical sample
    • Sugarman, M. A., & Axelrod, B. N. (2015). Embedded measures of performance validity using verbal fluency tests in a clinical sample. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 22, 141-146. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1080/23279095.2013.873439
    • (2015) Applied Neuropsychology: Adult , vol.22 , pp. 141-146
    • Sugarman, M.A.1    Axelrod, B.N.2
  • 44
    • 0028283647 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of malingered and other invalid WAIS-R and clinical memory data
    • Trueblood, W. (1994). Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of malingered and other invalid WAIS-R and clinical memory data. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, 597-607. http://dx.doi .org/10.1080/01688639408402671
    • (1994) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.16 , pp. 597-607
    • Trueblood, W.1
  • 45
    • 0027203720 scopus 로고
    • Malingering and other validity considerations in the neuropsychological evaluation of mild head injury
    • Trueblood, W., & Schmidt, M. (1993). Malingering and other validity considerations in the neuropsychological evaluation of mild head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15, 578-590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01688639308402580
    • (1993) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.15 , pp. 578-590
    • Trueblood, W.1    Schmidt, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.