Cholesterol lowering in intermediate-risk persons without cardiovascular disease

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 374, Issue 21, 2016, Pages 2021-2031

  Yusuf, S ^a,b   Bosch, J ^a,b   Dagenais, G ^c   Zhu, J ^e   Xavier, D ^f   Liu, L ^e   Pais, P ^f   Lopez Jaramillo P ^g   Leiter, L A ^d   Dans, A ⁱ   Avezum, A ^j   Piegas, L S ^k   Parkhomenko, A ^l   Keltai, K ^m   Keltai, M ^m   Sliwa, K ⁿ   Peters, R J G ^o   Held, C ^p   Chazova, I ^q   Yusoff, K ^r,s   Lewis, B S ^t   Jansky, P ^u   Khunti, K ^v   Toff, W D ^w,x   Reid, C M ^y,z   Varigos, J ^w,aa   Sanchez Vallejo, G ^h   McKelvie, R ^a,b   Pogue, J ^a,b   Jung, H ^a   Gao, P ^a   Diaz, R ^ab   Lonn, E ^a,b   more..

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c LAVAL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^e FUWAI HOSPITAL   (China)

^f ST JOHN'S NATIONAL ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (India)

^g UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTANDER   (Colombia)

^h University of Quindío   (Armenia)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA   (Philippines)

^j INSTITUTO DANTE PAZZANESE DE CARDIOLOGIA   (Brazil)

^k Research Institute   (Brazil)

^l Ukranian Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology   (Ukraine)

^m SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^o ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^p UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^q INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

^r Universiti Teknologi Majlis Amansh Rakyat   (Malaysia)

^s UCSI UNIVERSITY   (Malaysia)

^t TECHNION ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Israel)

^u UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL MOTOL   (Czech Republic)

^v Diabetes Research Centre   (United Kingdom)

^w Department of Cardiovascular Sciences ^*  (Australia)

^x UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^y CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^z MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^aa MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^ab Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario   (Argentina)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CANDESARTAN; CHOLESTEROL; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PLACEBO; ROSUVASTATIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CATARACT EXTRACTION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FACTORIAL DESIGN; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART ARREST; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INTERMEDIATE RISK POPULATION; LUNG EMBOLISM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MULTICENTER STUDY; MUSCLE DISEASE; MYALGIA; MYOPATHY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESUSCITATION; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; WEAKNESS; BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CLINICAL TRIAL; ETHNOLOGY; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; MALE; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM;

EID: 84964346181     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1600176     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. GBD 2013 Risk factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015; 386: 2287-323.
2. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004; 364: 937-52.
3. O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010; 376: 112-23.
4. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670-81.
5. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 2195-207.
6. McQueen MJ, Hawken S, Wang X, et al. Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as risk markers of myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): a case-control study. Lancet 2008; 372: 224-33.
7. HPS2-THRIVE Collaborative Group. HPS2-THRIVE randomized placebo-controlled trial in 25 673 high-risk patients of ER niacin/laropiprant: trial design, prespecified muscle and liver outcomes, and reasons for stopping study treatment. Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 1279-91.
8. Lonn E, Bosch J, Pogue J, et al. Novel approaches in primary cardiovascular disease prevention: the HOPE-3 trial rationale, design, and participants' baseline characteristics. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32: 311-8.
9. Lonn EM, Bosch J, López-Jaramillo P, et al. Blood-pressure lowering in intermediate-risk persons without cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:2009-20.
10. Yusuf S, Lonn E, Pais P, et al. Bloodpressure and cholesterol lowering in persons without cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:2032-43.
11. Sackett DL. Why randomized controlled trials fail but needn't: 1. Failure to gain "coal-face" commitment and to use the uncertainty principle. CMAJ 2000; 162: 1311-4.
12. Lin D, Wei LJ, Yang I, Ying Z. Semiparametric regression for the mean and rate functions of recurrent events. J R Stat Soc B 2000; 62: 711-30.
13. McGorrian C, Yusuf S, Islam S, et al. Estimating modifiable coronary heart disease risk in multiple regions of the world: the INTERHEART Modifiable Risk Score. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 581-9.
14. Nakamura H, Arakawa K, Itakura H, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 368: 1155-63.
15. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet 2012; 380: 581-90.
16. Wise SJ, Nathoo NA, Etminan M, Mikelberg FS, Mancini GBJ. Statin use and risk for cataract: a nested case-control study of 2 populations in Canada and the United States. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30: 1613-9.
17. Bang CN, Greve AM, La Cour M, et al. Effect of randomized lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe on cataract development (from the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis Study). Am J Cardiol 2015; 116: 1840-4.
18. Khatib R, McKee M, Shannon H, et al. Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study data. Lancet 2016; 387: 61-9.