Hypercalcemia. Pathophysiological aspects

Physiological Research

Volumn 65, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 1-10

  Zofkova I ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Familiar hypocalciuric hypercalcemia; Granulomatous diseases; Hypercalcemia; Malignancies; MEN1; MEN2; Primary hyperparathyroidism

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM;

ANIMAL; BLOOD; GENETICS; HUMAN; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; MUTATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; CALCIUM; HUMANS; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; MUTATION;

EID: 84963860992     PISSN: 08628408     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. AGARWAL SK: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Front Horm Res 41: 1-15, 2013
2. AGRAWAL N, ALTINER S, MEZITIS NH, HELBIG S: Silicone-induced granuloma after injection for cosmetic purposes: a rare entity of calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia. Case Rep Med 2013: 807292, 2013
3. ARNOLD A, SHATTUCK TM, MALLYA SM, KREBS LJ, COSTA J, GALLAGHER J, WILD Y, SAUCIER K: Molecular pathogenesis of primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 17 (Suppl 2): N30-N36, 2002
4. ARROYO M, FENVES AZ, EMMETT M: The calcium-alkali syndrome. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 26: 179-181, 2013
5. BASSO U, MARUZZO M, ROMA A, CARMOZZI V, LUISETTO G, LUMACHI F: Malignant hypercalcemia. Curr Med Chem 18: 3462-3467, 2011
6. BONNY O, BOCHUD M: Genetics of calcium homeostasis in humans: continuum betwen monogenic diseases and continuous phenotypes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 29 (Suppl 4): iv55-iv62, 2014
7. BROWN EM: The pathophysiology of primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 17 (Suppl 2): N24-N29, 2002
8. CHRISTENSEN SE, NISSEN PH, VESTERGAARD P, MOSEKILDE L: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: a review. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 18: 359-370, 2011
9. CUSANO NE, MAALOUF NM, WANG PY, ZHANG C, CREMERS SC, HANEY EM, BAUER DC, ORWOLL ES, BIELIKIAN JP: Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism in two community-based nonreferral populations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98: 2734-2741, 2013
10. DE VERNEJOUL MC: Role of parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) in hypercalcemia of malinancy and the development of osteolytic metastases. J Clin Rheumatol 3 (2 Suppl): 109, 1997
11. DING L, XIAO X, HUANG L: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma with hypercalcemic crisis as a primary symptom accompanied by polymyositis: a case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 9: 231-234, 2015
12. DINOUR D, DAVIDOVITS M, AVINER S, GANON L, MICHAEL L, MODAN-MOSES D, VERED I, BIBI H, FRISHBERG Y, HOLTZMAN EJ: Maternal and infantile hypercalcemia caused by vitamin-D-hydroxylase mutations and vitamin D intake. Pediatr Nephrol 30: 145-152, 2015
13. DOCHEZ V, DUCARME G: Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 291: 259-263, 2015
14. DUFEK S, SEIDL R, SCHMOOK M, ARBEITER K, MüLLER-SACHERER T, HEINDL-RUSAI K: Intracranial hypertension in siblings with infantile hypercalcemia. Neuropediatrics 46: 49-51, 2014
15. EID W, WHEELER TM, SHARMA MD: Recurrent hypercalcemia due to ectopic production of parathyroid hormonerelated protein and intact parathyroid hormone in a single patient with multiple malignancies. Endocr Pract 10: 125-128, 2004
16. EUFRAZINO C, VERAS A, BANDEIRA F: Epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism and its non-classical manifestations in the City of Recife, Brazil. Clin Med Insighs Endocrinol Diabetes 6: 69-74, 2013
17. EVENEPOEL P: Recovery versus persistence of disordered mineral metabolism in kidney transplant recipients. Semin Nephrol 33: 191-203, 2013
18. FENSENFELD AJ, LEVINE BS: Milk alkali syndrome and the dynamics of calcium homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 641-654, 2006
19. GRIEBELER ML, KEARNS AE, RYU E, HATHCOCK MA, MELTON LJ 3RD, WERMERS RA: Secular trends in the incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism over five decades (1965-2010). Bone 73: 1-7, 2015
20. HAMEED A, BRADY JJ, DOWLING P, CLYNES M, ÓGORMAN P: Bone disease in multiple myeloma: pathophysiology and management. Cancer Growth Metastasis 7: 33-42, 2014
21. HENDY GN, COLE DE: Genetic defects associated with familial and sporadic hyperparathyroidism. Front Horm Res 41: 149-165, 2013
22. HENDY GN, GUARNIERI V, CANAFF L: Calcium-sensing receptor and associated diseases. Prog Mol Biol Transpl Sci 89: 31-95, 2009
23. HENNING P, HERSCHEL CONAWAY H, LERNER UH: Retinoid receptors in bone and their role in bone remodeling. Front Endocrinol 6: 31, 2015
24. HMAMI F, OULMAATI A, AMARTI A, KOTTLER ML, BOUHARROU A: Overdose or hypersensitivity to vitamin D?. Arch Pediatr 21: 1115-1119, 2014
25. IIDA T, DATOH S, KANETO H, SASAKI H, NAGANAWA Y, ISHIGAMI K, NAKAGAKI S, SHIMIZU H, KONISHI Y, KON S: A case of hypercalcemia associated with parathyroid hormone-related protein produced by the recurrence of B-cell lymphoma of the pancreas. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 111: 2163-2173, 2014
26. IWACURA T, OHASHI N, TSUJI N, NAITO Y, ISOBE S, ONO M, FUJIKURA T, TSUJI T, SAKAO Y, YASUDA H, KATO A, FUJIYAMA T, TOKURA Y, FULIGAKI Y: Calcitriol-induced hypercalcemia in a patient with granulomatous mycosis fungoides and end-stage renal disease. World J Nephrol 2: 44-48, 2013
27. JACOBS TP, KAUFMAN M, JONES G, KUMAR R, SCHLINGMANN KP, SHAPSES S, BIELIZIKIAN JP: A lifetime of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, finally explained. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99: 708-712, 2014
28. KAWARAZAKI H, SHIBAGAKI Y, FUKUMOTO S, KIDO R, NAKAJIMA I, FUCHIN OUE S, FUJITA T, FUKAGAWA M, TERAOKA S: The relative role of fibroblast growth factor 23 and parathyroid hormone in predicting future hypophosphatemia and hypercalcemia after living donor kidney transplantation: a 1-year prospective observational study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26: 2691-2695, 2011
29. KHASAVNEH FA, AHMED S, HALLOUSH RA: Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis presenting with cachexia and hypercalcemia. Int J Gen Med 6: 79-83, 2013
30. KJAER S, KUROKAWA K, PERRINJAGUET M, ABRESCIA C, IBáNEZ CF: Self-association of the transmembrane domain of RET underlies oncogenic activation by MEN2A mutations. Oncogene 25: 7086-7095, 2006
31. LAPORTA J, KEIL KP, WEAVER SR, CRONICK CM, PRICHARD AP, CRENSHAW TD, HEYNE GW, VEZINA CM, LIPINSKI RJ, HERNANDEZ LL: Serotonin regulates calcium homeostasis in lactation by epigenetic activation of hedgehog signaling. Mol Endocrinol 28: 1866-1874, 2014
32. LEHMANN SW, LEE J: Lithium-associated hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: what do we know?. J Affect Disord 146: 151-157, 2013
33. LIPS CJ, DREIJERINK KM, HöPPENER JW: Variable clinical expression in patients with a germline MEN1 disease gene mutation: clues to a genotype-phenotype correlation. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 67 (Suppl 1): 49-56, 2012
34. LUMACHI F, BASSO SM: Pathophysiology and treatment of nonfamilial hyperparathyroidism. Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov 9: 164-172, 2014
35. LUMACHI F, MOTTA R, CECCHIN D, AVE S, CAMOZZI V, BASSO SM, LUISETTO G: Calcium metabolism & hypercalcemia in adults. Curr Med Chem 18: 3529-3536, 2011
36. LUNA-CABRERA F, JUSTICIA-RULL EA, CARICOL-PéREZ MP, SOLER-VIZáN E, MESA-LóPEZ CM, RUIZRUIZ MA, DE LA TORRE-LóPEZ LE: Incidence of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and related factors in patients treated with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84). Minerva Med 103: 103-110, 2012
37. MALETKOVIC J, ISORENA JP, PALMA DIAZ MF, KORENMAN SG, YEH MW: Multifactorial hypercalcemia and literature review on primary hyperparathyroidism associated with lymphoma. Case Rep Endocrinol 2014: 893134, 2014
38. MANICKAVASAGAR B, MCARDLE AJ, YADAV P, SHAW V, DIXON M, BLOMHOFF R, CONNOR GO, REES L, LANDERMANN S, VAŃT HOFF W, SHROFF R: Hypervitaminosis A is prevalent in children with CKD and contributes to hypercalcemia. Pediatr Nephrol 30: 317-325, 2015
39. MASTROMATTEO E, LAMACCHIA O, CAMPO MR, CONSERVA A, BAORDA F, CINQUE L, GUARNIERI V, SCILLITANI A, CIGNARELLI M: A novel mutation in calcium-sensing receptor gene associated to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. BMC Endocr Disord 14: 81, 2014
40. MAXON HR, APPLE DJ, GOLDSMITH RE: Hypercalcemia in thyrotoxicosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 147: 694-696, 1978
41. MESSA P, CAFFORIO C, ALFIERI C: Clinical impact of hypercalcemia in kidney transplant. Int J Nephrol 2011: 906832, 2011
42. MESSA P, ALFIERI C, BREZZI B: Clinical utilization of cinacalcet in hypercalcemic conditions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 7: 517-528, 2011
43. MONFOULET LE, RABIER B, DACQUIN R, ANGINOT A, PHOTSAVANG J, JURDIC P, VICO L, MALAVAL L, CHASSANDE O: Thyroid hormone receptor β modulates thyroid hormone effects on bone remodeling and bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 26: 2036-2044, 2011
44. MORGAN M, NIELSEN S, BRIXEN K: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and calcium sensing receptor. Acta Clin Croat 53: 220-225, 2014
45. NABESHIMA Y: Discovery of alpha-Klotho and FGF23 unveiled new insight into calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Clin Calcium 18: 923-934, 2008
46. OBERMANNOVA B, BANGHOVA K, SUMNIK Z, DVORAKOVA HM, BETKA J, FENCL F, KOLOUSKOVA S, CINEK O, LEBL J: Unusually severe phenotype of neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism due to a heterozygous incativating mutation in the CASR gene. Eur J Pediatr 168: 569-573, 2009
47. OLAUSON H, LARSSON TE: FGF23 and Klotho in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 22: 397-404, 2013
48. ONIGATA K: Thyroid hormone and skeletal metabolism. Clin Calcium 24: 821-827, 2014
49. PATEL AM, ADESEUN GA, GOLDFARB S: Calcium-alkali syndrome in the modern era. Nutrients 5: 4880-4893, 2013
50. PAVIK I, JAEGER P, EBNER L, WAGNER CA, PETZOLD K, SPICHTIG D, POSTER D, WUTHRICH RP, RUSSMANN S, SERRA AL: Secreted Klotho and FGF23 in chrocic kidney disease stage 1 to 5: a sequence suggested from a cross-sectional study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28: 352-359, 2013
51. RADVáNYI I, CSIKóS A, BALOGH S: The significance of early diagnosis of cancer-related hypercalcemia (in Hungarian). Orv Hetil 154: 1367-1373, 2013
52. REAGAN P, PANI A, ROSNER MH: Approach to diagnosis and treatment of hypercalcemia in a patient with malignancy. Am J Kidney Dis 63: 141-147, 2014
53. RICCARDI D, BROWN EM: Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298: F485-F499, 2010
54. ROIZEN J, LEVINE MA: A meta-analysis comparing the biochemistry of primary hyperparathyroidism in youths to the biochemistry in adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99: 4555-4564, 2014
55. SAFI KH, FILBRUN AG, NASR SZ: Hypervitaminosis A causing hypercalcemia in cystic fibrosis. Case report and focused review. Ann Am Thorac Soc 11: 1244-1247, 2014
56. SATO K: Hypercalcemia during pregnancy, puerperium, and lactation: review and case report of hypercalcemic crisis after delivery due to excessive production of PTH-related protein (PTHrP) without malignancy (humoral hypercalcemia of pregnancy). Endocr J 55: 959-966, 2008
57. SCHLAPACK MA, RIZVI AA: Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism-characteristics and clinical significance of an emergency entity. Am J Med Sci 343: 163-166, 2012
58. SCHWARTZ GG, SKINNER HG: Prospective studies of total and ionized serum calcium in relation to incident and fatal ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 129: 169-172, 2013
59. SHI Y, HOGUE J, DIXIT D, KOH J, OLSON JA JR: Functional and genetic studies of isolated cells from parathyroid tumors reveal the complex pathogenesis of parathyroid neoplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111: 3092-3097, 2014
60. SHIMAMURA Y, HAMADA K, INOUE K, OGATA K, ISHIHARA M, KAGAWA T, INOUE M, FUJIMOTO S, IKEBE M, YUASA K, YAMANAKA S, SUGIURA T, TERADA Y: Serum levels of soluble secreted α-Klotho are decreased in the early stages of chronic kidney disease, making it a probable novel biomarker for early diagnosis. Clin Exp Nephrol 16: 722-729, 2012
61. SOPJANI M, RINNERTHALER M, ALMILAJI A, AHMETI S, DERMAKU-SOPJANI M: Regulation of cellular transport by klotho protein. Curr Protein Pept Sci 15: 828-835, 2014
62. STRATTA P, MERLOTTI G, MUSETTI C, QUAGLIA M, PAGANI A, IZZO C, RADIN E, AIROLDI A, BOARDA F, PALLADINO T, LEONE MP, GUARNIERI V: Calcium-sensing-related gene mutations in hypercalcaemic hypocalciuric patients as differential diagnosis from primary hyperparathyroidism: detection of two novel inactivating mutations in an Italian population: Nephrol Dial Transplant 29: 1902-1909, 2014
63. TELCI D, DOGAN AU, OZBEK E, POLAT EC, SIMSEK A, CAKIR SS, YELOGLU HO, SAHIN F: Kotho gene polymorphism of G395A is associated with kidney stones. Am J Nephrol 33: 337-343, 2011
64. TWIGT BA, HOUWELING BM, VRIENS MR, REGEER EJ, KUPKA RW, RINKES IH, VALK GD: Hypercalcemia in patiens with bipolar disorder treated with lithium: a cross-sectional study. Int J Bipolar Disord 1: 18, 2013
65. TYLER MILLER R: Control of renal calcium, phosphate, electrolyte, and water excretion by the calcium-sensing receptor. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 27: 345-358, 2013
66. WALKER RE, LAWSON MA, BUCKLE CH, SNOWDEN JA, CHANTRY AD: Myeloma bone disease: pathogenesis, current treatments and future targets. Br Med Bull 111: 117-138, 2014
67. WILLIAMS GR: Actions of thyroid hormones in bone. Endokrynol Pol 60: 380-388, 2009
68. YILMAZ R, KUNDAK AA, SEZER T, ÖZER S, ESMERAY H, KAZANCI Nö: Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia or an extrapulmonary complication of tuberculosis?. Tuberk Torax 61: 43-46, 2013
69. YUSUF MB, AKINYOOLA AL, ORIMOLADE AE, IDOWU AA, BADMUS TA, ADEYEMI TO: Determinants of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in immobilized trauma patients. Bonekey Rep 4: 709, 2015