Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatments

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

Volumn 12, Issue , 2016, Pages 157-179

  Andersson, Gerhard ^a,b  

^a LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Internet treatment; Mood disorders; Somatic disorders; Therapist guidance

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE CENTER; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; INTERNET; MENTAL DISORDERS; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOTHERAPY; STANDARDS; TELEMEDICINE;

HUMANS; INTERNET; MENTAL DISORDERS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; TELEMEDICINE;

EID: 84962178025     PISSN: 15485943     EISSN: 15485951     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093006     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Amstadter AB, Broman-Fulks J, Zinzow H, Ruggiero KJ, Cercone J. 2009. Internet-based interventions for traumatic stress-related mental health problems: A review and suggestion for future research. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 29:410-20
2. Andersson E, Enander J, Andrén P, Hedman E, Ljótsson B, et al. 2012a. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomised controlled trial. Psychol. Med. 42:2193-203
3. Andersson E, Hedman E, Enander J, Radu Djurfeldt D, Ljótsson B, et al. 2015. D-Cycloserine vs placebo as adjunct to cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder and interaction with antidepressants. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 72:659-67
4. Andersson E, Rück C, Lavebratt C, Hedman E, Schalling M, et al. 2013a. Genetic polymorphisms in monoamine systems and outcome of cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder. PLOS ONE 8:e79015
5. Andersson E, Steneby S, Karlsson K, Ljótsson B, Hedman E, et al. 2014a. Long-term efficacy of Internetbased cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder with or without booster: A randomized controlled trial. Psychol. Med. 44:2877-87
6. Andersson E,Walén C, Hallberg J, Paxling B, Dahlin M, et al. 2011. A randomized controlled trial of guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for erectile dysfunction. J. Sex Med. 8:2800-9
7. Andersson G. 2014. The Internet and CBT: A Clinical Guide. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
8. AnderssonG. 2015. Clinician-supported Internet-delivered psychological treatment of tinnitus. Am. J. Audiol. 24:299-301
9. AnderssonG,BergmanNordgrenL,Buhrman M, Carlbring P. 2014b.Psychological treatments for depression delivered via the Internet and supported by a clinician: an update. Spanish J. Clin. Psychol. 19:217-25
10. Andersson G, Bergström J, Buhrman M, Carlbring P, Holländare F, et al. 2008a. Development of a new approach to guided self-help via the Internet. The Swedish experience. J. Technol. Hum. Serv. 26:161-81
11. Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. 2005. Internet-based self-help for depression: A randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 187:456-61
12. Andersson G, Carlbring P, Berger T, Almlöv J, Cuijpers P. 2009a.What makes Internet therapy work? Cogn. Behav. Ther. 38:55-60
13. Andersson G, Carlbring P, Grimlund A. 2008b. Predicting treatment outcome in Internet versus face to face treatment of panic disorder. Comp. Hum. Behav. 24:1790-801
14. Andersson G, Carlbring P, Holmström A, Sparthan E, Furmark T, et al. 2006. Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in-vivo group exposure for social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 74:677-86
15. AnderssonG,CuijpersP, Carlbring P, RiperH,HedmanE. 2014c. Internet-based versus face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Psychiatry 13:288-95
16. Andersson G, Hedman E. 2013. Effectiveness of guided Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy in regular clinical settings. Verhaltenstherapie 23:140-48
17. Andersson G, Hesser H, Veilord A, Svedling L, Andersson F, et al. 2013b. Randomized controlled noninferiority trial with 3-year follow-up of internet-delivered versus face-to-face group cognitive behavioural therapy for depression. J. Affect. Disord. 151:986-94
18. Andersson G, Lundström P, Ström L. 2003. Internet-based treatment of headache. Does telephone contact add anything? Headache 43:353-61
19. AnderssonG, Paxling B,Roch-Norlund P,ÖstmanG,Norgren A, et al. 2012b. Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioural guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled trial. Psychother. Psychosom. 81:344-55
20. AnderssonG, Paxling B,WiweM, Vernmark K, Bertholds Felix C, et al. 2012c.Therapeutic alliance in guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. Behav. Res. Ther. 50:544-50
21. Andersson G, Strömgren T, Ström L, Lyttkens L. 2002. Randomised controlled trial of Internet based cognitive behavior therapy for distress associated with tinnitus. Psychosom. Med. 64:810-16
22. AnderssonG,Waara J, JonssonU,Malmaeus F, Carlbring P,Öst L-G. 2009b. Internet-based self-help versus one-session exposure in the treatment of spider phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 38:114-20
23. Andersson G, Waara J, Jonsson U, Malmaeus F, Carlbring P, Öst L-G. 2013c. Internet-based versus onesession exposure treatment of snake phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 42:284-91
24. Andrews G, DaviesM, Titov N. 2011. Effectiveness randomized controlled trial of face to face versus Internet cognitive behaviour therapy for social phobia. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 45:337-40
25. Arpin-Cribbie C, Irvine J, Ritvo P. 2012. Web-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for perfectionism: A randomized controlled trial. Psychother. Res. 22:194-207
26. Barak A, Klein B, Proudfoot JG. 2009. Defining Internet-supported therapeutic interventions. Ann. Behav. Med. 38:4-17
27. Baumeister H, Reichler L, Munzinger M, Lin J. 2014. The impact of guidance on Internet-based mental health interventions-A systematic review. Internet Interv. 1:205-15
28. Bendelin N, Hesser H, Dahl J, Carlbring P, Zetterqvist Nelson K, Andersson G. 2011. Experiences of guided Internet-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for depression: A qualitative study.BMC Psychiatry 11:107
29. Berger T, Boettcher J, Caspar F. 2014. Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy 51:207-19
30. Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. 2011. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 40:251-66
31. Berger T, Hohl E, Caspar F. 2009. Internet-based treatment for social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Psychol. 65:1021-35
32. Bergman Nordgren L, Hedman E, Etienne J, Bodin J, Kadowaki A , et al. 2014. Effectiveness and costeffectiveness of tailored internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders in a primary care population: A randomized controlled trial. Behav. Res. Ther. 59:1-11
33. Bergström J, Andersson G, Ljótsson B, Rück C, Andréewitch S, et al. 2010. Internet-versus groupadministered cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder in a psychiatric setting: A randomised trial. BMC Psychiatry 10:54
34. Blom K, Tarkian TillgrenH,Wiklund T, Danlycke E, Forssén M, et al. 2015. Internet versus group cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Behav. Res. Ther. 70:47-55
35. Boettcher J,A ström V, Pahlsson D, Schenström O, Andersson G, Carlbring P. 2014b. Internet-based mindfulness treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomised controlled trial. Behav. Ther. 45:241-53
36. Boettcher J, Rozental A, Andersson G, Carlbring P. 2014a. Side effects in Internet-based interventions for social anxiety disorder. Internet Interv. 1:3-11
37. Botella C, Gallego MJ, Garcia-Palacios A, Guillen V, Banos RM, et al. 2010. An Internet-based self-help treatment for fear of public speaking: A controlled trial. Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw. 13:407-21
38. Bower P, Kontopantelis E, Sutton AP, Kendrick T, Richards D, et al. 2013. Influence of initial severity of depression on effectiveness of low intensity interventions: meta-analysis of individual patient data. BMJ 346:f540
39. Buhrman M, Fältenhag S, Ström L, Andersson G. 2004. Controlled trial of Internet-based treatment with telephone support for chronic back pain. Pain 111:368-77
40. Carlbring P, Apelstrand M, Sehlin H, Amir N, Rousseau A, et al. 2012. Internet-delivered attention training in individuals with social anxiety disorder-A double blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 12:66
41. Carlbring P, Forslin P, Ljungstrand P, WillebrandM, Strandlund C, et al. 2002. Is the Internet-administered CIDI-SF equivalent to a human SCID-interview? Cogn. Behav. Ther. 31:183-89
42. Carlbring P, Hägglund M, Luthström A, Dahlin M, Kadowaki A , et al. 2013. Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. J. Affect. Disord. 148:331-37
43. Carlbring P, Maurin L, Törngren C, Linna E, Eriksson T, et al. 2010. Individually tailored Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behav. Res. Ther. 49:18-24
44. Carlbring P, Nilsson-Ihrfelt E,Waara J, Kollenstam C, Buhrman M, et al. 2005. Treatment of panic disorder: live therapy versus self-help via Internet. Behav. Res. Ther. 43:1321-33
45. Carlbring P, Westling BE, Ljungstrand P, Ekselius L, Andersson G. 2001. Treatment of panic disorder via the Internet-A randomized trial of a self-help program. Behav. Ther. 32:751-64
46. Christensen H, Leach LS, Barney L,Mackinnon AJ, Griffiths KM. 2006. The effect of web-based depression interventions on self-reported help seeking: randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 6:13
47. Cuijpers P, van Straten A-M, AnderssonG. 2008. Internet-administered cognitive behavior therapy for health problems: A systematic review. J. Behav. Med. 31:169-77
48. Dagöö J, Persson Asplund R, Andersson Bsenko H, Hjerling S, Holmberg A, et al. 2014. Cognitive behavior therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder delivered via smartphone and computer: A randomized controlled trial. J. Anxiety Disord. 28:410-17
49. Dever Fitzgerald T, Hunter PV, Hadjistavropoulos T, Koocher GP. 2010. Ethical and legal considerations for Internet-based psychotherapy. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 39:173-87
50. Donker T, Petrie K, Proudfoot J, Clarke J, BirchMR, ChristensenH. 2013. Smartphones for smarter delivery of mental health programs: A systematic review. J. Med. Internet Res. 15:e247
51. El Alaoui S,HedmanE, KaldoV,HesserH,KraepelienM, et al. 2015. Effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder in clinical psychiatry. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 83:902-14
52. Eysenbach G. 2005. The law of attrition. J. Med. Internet Res. 7:e11
53. Hadjistavropoulos HD, Pugh NE, Nugent MN, Hesser H, Andersson G, et al. 2014. Therapist-assisted Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and anxiety: translating evidence into clinical practice. J. Anxiety Disord. 28:884-93
54. Haemmerli K, ZnojH, Berger T. 2010. Internet-based support for infertile patients: A randomized controlled study. J. Behav. Med. 33:135-46
55. Harvey AG, Lee J, Williams J, Hollon SD, Walker MP, et al. 2014. Improving outcome of psychosocial treatments by enhancing memory and learning. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 9:161-79
56. Hedman E, AnderssonG, Ljótsson B, Andersson E,RückC, et al. 2011a. Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for severe health anxiety: randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 198:230-36
57. Hedman E, Andersson G, Ljótsson B, Andersson E, Rück C, et al. 2011b. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy versus cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. PLOS ONE 6:e18001
58. Hedman E, Axelsson E,Gorling A, Ritzman C, RonnhedenM, et al. 2014a. Internet-delivered exposure-based cognitive-behavioural therapy and behavioural stress management for severe health anxiety: randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 205:307-14
59. Hedman E, El Alaoui S, Lindefors N, Andersson E, Ruck C, et al. 2014b. Clinical effectiveness and costeffectiveness of Internet-versus group-based cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: 4-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Behav. Res. Ther. 59:20-29
60. Hedman E, Furmark T, Carlbring P, Ljótsson B, Rück C, et al. 2011c. Five-year follow-up of Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder. J. Med. Internet Res. 13(2):e39
61. Hedman E, Ljótsson B, Kaldo V,HesserH, El Alaoui S, et al. 2014c. Effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for depression in routine psychiatric care. J. Affect. Disord. 155:49-58
62. Hedman E, Ljótsson B, Lindefors N. 2012. Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet: A systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Expert Rev. Pharmacoecon. Outcomes Res. 12:745-64
63. Hesser H, Gustafsson T, Lundén C, Henriksson O, Fattahi K, et al. 2012. A randomized controlled trial of Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of tinnitus. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 80:649-61
64. HesserH, Zetterqvist Westin V, AnderssonG. 2014. Acceptance as mediator in Internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for tinnitus. J. Behav. Med. 37:756-67
65. Holländare F, Johnsson S, Randestad M, Tillfors M, Carlbring P, et al. 2011. Randomized trial of Internetbased relapse prevention for partially remitted depression. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 124:285-94
66. Hunsley J, Lee CM. 2007. Research-informed benchmarks for psychological treatments: efficacy studies, effectiveness studies, and beyond. Prof. Psychol. Res. Pract. 38:21-33
67. Hunt MG, Moshier S, Milonova M. 2009. Brief cognitive-behavioral Internet therapy for irritable bowel syndrome. Behav. Res. Ther. 47:797-802
68. Int. UnionPsychol. Sci. 2008. Universal declaration of ethical principles for psychologists. http://www.iupsys. net/about/governance/universal-declaration-of-ethical-principles-for-psychologists.html
69. Ivarsson D, Blom M, Hesser H, Carlbring P, Enderby P, et al. 2014. Guided Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv. 1:33-40
70. Johansson R, Ekbladh S, Hebert A, Lindström M,Möller S, et al. 2012a. Psychodynamic guided self-help for adult depression through the Internet: A randomised controlled trial. PLOS ONE 7 (5):e38021
71. Johansson R, Sjöberg E, Sjögren M, Johnsson E, Carlbring P, et al. 2012b. Tailored versus standardized Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for depression and comorbid symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE 7:e36905
72. Kessler D, Lewis G, Kaur S, Wiles N, King M, et al. 2009. Therapist-delivered Internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 374:628-34
73. Kiropoulos LA, Klein B, Austin DW, Gilson K, Pier C, et al. 2008. Is Internet-based CBT for panic disorder and agoraphobia as effective as face-to-face CBT? J. Anxiety Disord. 22:1273-84
74. Klein B, Richards JC, Austin DW. 2006. Efficacy of Internet therapy for panic disorder. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 37:213-38
75. Knaevelsrud C, Maercker A. 2007. Internet-based treatment for PTSD reduces distress and facilitates the development of a strong therapeutic alliance: A randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry 7:13
76. Lange A, Rietdijk D, Hudcovicova M, van den Ven J-P, Schrieken B, Emmelkamp PMG. 2003. Interapy: A controlled randomized trial of the standardized treatment of posttraumatic stress through the Internet. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 71:901-9
77. Leykin Y, Mu noz RF, Contreras O, Latham MD. 2014. Results from a trial of an unsupported Internet intervention for depressive symptoms. Internet Interv. 1:175-81
78. Litz BT, Engel CC, Bryant RA, Papa A. 2007. A randomized, controlled proof-of-concept trial of an Internetbased, therapist-assisted self-management treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 164:1676-83
79. Ljótsson B, Andersson G, Andersson E, Hedman E, Lindfors P, et al. 2011a. Acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of Internet-based exposure treatment for irritable bowel syndrome in a clinical sample: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol. 11:110
80. Ljótsson B, Falk L, Wibron Vesterlund A, Hedman E, Lindfors P-J, et al. 2010. Internet-delivered exposure and mindfulness based therapy for irritable bowel syndrome-A randomized controlled trial. Behav. Res. Ther. 48:531-39
81. Ljótsson B, Hedman E, Andersson E, Hesser H, Lindfors P, et al. 2011b. Internet-delivered exposure based treatment versus stressmanagement for irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized trial. Am. J.Gastroenterol. 106:1481-91
82. Ljótsson B, Hesser H, Andersson E, Lackner JM, El Alaoui S, et al. 2014. Provoking symptoms to relieve symptoms: A randomized controlled dismantling study of exposure therapy in irritable bowel syndrome. Behav. Res. Ther. 55:27-39
83. Loucas CE, Fairburn CG, Whittington C, Pennant ME, Stockton S, Kendall T. 2014. E-therapy in the treatment and prevention of eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav. Res. Ther. 63C:122-31
84. Ly KH, Topooco N, Cederlund H, Wallin A, Bergström J, et al. 2015. Smartphone-supported versus full behavioural activation for depression: A randomised controlled trial. PLOS ONE 10:e0126559
85. Ly KH, Trüschel A, Jarl L, Magnusson S,Windahl T, et al. 2014. Behavioral activation versus mindfulnessbased guided self-help treatment administered through a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open 4:e003440
86. Mansson KNT, Frick A, Boraxbekk C-J, Marquand AF, Williams SCR, et al. 2015. Predicting long-term outcome of Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder using fMRI and support vector machine learning. Transl. Psychiatry 5:e530
87. Mansson KNT, Ruiz E, Gervind E, Dahlin M, Andersson G. 2013. Development and initial evaluation of an Internet-based support system for face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy: A proof of concept study. J. Med. Internet Res. 15:e280
88. Meyer B, Berger T, Caspar F, Beevers CG, Andersson G,Weiss M. 2009. Effectiveness of a novel integrative online treatment for depression (Deprexis): randomized controlled trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 11:e15
89. Mohr DC, Duffecy J, Ho J, Kwasny M, Cai X, et al. 2013. A randomized controlled trial evaluating a manualized TeleCoaching protocol for improving adherence to a web-based intervention for the treatment of depression. PLOS ONE 8:e70086
90. Mohr DC, Siddique J, Ho J, Duffecy J, Jin L, Fokuo JK. 2010. Interest in behavioral and psychological treatments delivered face-to-face, by telephone, and by Internet. Ann. Behav. Med. 40:89-98
91. O'Mahen HA, Richards DA, Woodford J, Wilkinson E, McGinley J, et al. 2014. Netmums: A phase II randomized controlled trial of a guided Internet behavioural activation treatment for postpartum depression. Psychol. Med. 44:1675-89
92. Olthuis JV, Watt MC, Bailey K, Hayden JA, Stewart SH. 2015. Therapist-supported Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3:CD011565
93. Paxling B, Almlöv J, Dahlin M, Carlbring P, Breitholtz E, et al. 2011. Guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 40:159-73
94. Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. 2009. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: randomized controlled trial. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 43:571-78
95. Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, et al. 2004. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 185:46-54
96. Rheker J, Andersson G,Weise C. 2015. The role of "on demand" therapist guidance versus no support in the treatment of tinnitus via the Internet: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv. 2:189-99
97. Richards D, Richardson T. 2012. Computer-based psychological treatments for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 32:329-42
98. Ritterband LM, Thorndike FP, Gonder-Frederick LA, Magee JC, Bailey ET, et al. 2009. Efficacy of an Internet-based behavioral intervention for adults with insomnia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 66:692-98
99. Rozental A, Andersson G, Boettcher J, Ebert D, Cuijpers P, et al. 2014. Consensus statement on defining and measuring negative effects of Internet interventions. Internet Interv. 1:12-19
100. Rozental A, Boettcher J,AnderssonG, Schmidt B, Carlbring P. 2015. Negative effects of Internet interventions: A qualitative content analysis of patients' experiences with treatments delivered online. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 44:223-36
101. Rozental A, Forsell E, Svensson A, AnderssonG, Carlbring P. 2015. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination: A randomized controlled trial. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 83:808-24
102. Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, et al. 2009. Standardized web-based CBT of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 38:206-21
103. Sanchez-Ortiz VC, MunroC, Startup H, Treasure J, SchmidtU. 2011. The role of email guidance in Internetbased cognitive-behavioural self-care treatment for bulimia nervosa. Eur. Eat Disord. Rev. 19:342-48
104. Silfvernagel K, Carlbring P, Kabo J, Edström S, Eriksson J, et al. 2012. Individually tailored Internet-based treatment of young adults and adults with panic symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 14(3):e65
105. Spence J, Titov N, Dear BF, Johnston L, Solley K, et al. 2011. Randomized controlled trial of Internetdelivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress. Anxiety 28:541-50
106. Ström L, Pettersson R, Andersson G. 2000. A controlled trial of self-help treatment of recurrent headache conducted via the Internet. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 68:722-27
107. Ström L, Pettersson R, Andersson G. 2004. Internet-based treatment for insomnia: A controlled evaluation. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 72:113-20
108. Ström M, Uckelstam C-J, Andersson G, Hassmén P, Umefjord G, Carlbring P. 2013. Internet-delivered therapist-guided physical activity for mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial. Peer J. 1:e178
109. Sucala M, Schnur JB, Constantino MJ, Miller SJ, Brackman EH, Montgomery GH. 2012. The therapeutic relationship in e-therapy for mental health: A systematic review. J. Med. Internet Res. 14:e110
110. Tillfors M, Andersson G, Ekselius L, Furmark T, Lewenhaupt S, et al. 2011. A randomized trial of Internet delivered treatment for social anxiety disorder in high school students. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 40:147-57
111. TitovN, Andrews G, Davies M, McIntyre K, Robinson E, Solley K. 2010a. Internet treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing clinician versus technician assistance. PLOS ONE 5:e10939
112. Titov N, Andrews G, Johnston L, Robinson E, Spence J. 2010b. Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behav. Res. Ther. 48:890-99
113. Titov N, Andrews G, Robinson E, Schwencke G, Johnston L, et al. 2009. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: randomized controlled trial. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 43:905-12
114. Titov N, Andrews G, Schwencke G, Drobny J, Einstein D. 2008. Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 42:585-94
115. Titov N, Dear BF, Johnston L, Lorian C, Zou J, et al. 2013. Improving adherence and clinical outcomes in self-guided Internet treatment for anxiety and depression: randomised controlled trial. PLOS ONE 8:e62873
116. Titov N, Dear BF, Staples L, Bennett-Levy J, Klein B, et al. 2015. MindSpot Clinic: an accessible, efficient and effective online treatment service for anxiety and depression. Psychiatr. Serv. 66:1043-50
117. Tulbure BT, Szentagotai A, David O, Stefan S, Mansson KNT, et al. 2015. Internet-delivered cognitivebehavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder in Romania: A randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE 10:e0123997
118. van Ballegooijen W, Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Karyotaki E, Andersson G, et al. 2014. Adherence to Internet-based and face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE 9:e100674
119. van BallegooijenW, Riper H, Klein B, Ebert DD, Kramer J, et al. 2013. An Internet-based guided self-help intervention for panic symptoms: randomized controlled trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 15:e154
120. van Straten A, Emmelkamp J, deWit J, Lancee J, AnderssonG, et al. 2014. Guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia: A randomized trial. Psychol. Med. 44:1521-32
121. Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, CarlssonM, Karlsson J, et al. 2010. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behav. Res. Ther. 48:368-76
122. Wagner B, Horn AB,Maercker A. 2014. Internet-based versus face-to-face cognitive-behavioral intervention for depression: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. J. Affect. Disord. 152-154:113-21
123. Wagner B, Schulz W, Knaevelsrud C. 2012. Efficacy of an Internet-based intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res. 195:85-88
124. Waller G. 2009. Evidence-based treatment and therapist drift. Behav. Res. Ther. 47:119-27
125. Wootton BM, Dear BF, Johnston L, Terides MD, Titov N. 2013. Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J. Obsessive-Compulsive Relat. Disord. 2:375-84
126. Zetterqvist K, Maanmies J, Ström L, AnderssonG. 2003. Randomized controlled trial of Internet-based stress management. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 3:151-60