Motivation and treatment credibility predicts dropout, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes in an internet-based cognitive behavioral relaxation program: A randomized controlled trial

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2016, Pages

  Alfonsson, Sven ^a   Olsson, Erik ^a   Hursti, Timo ^b  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Adherence; Internet; Motivation; Patient compliance; Psychotherapy

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL BINDING; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; EDUCATION; EXERCISE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INTERNET; LEISURE; MOTIVATION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SELF REPORT; STRESS; SYMPTOM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ADULT; FEMALE; MALE; PATIENT DROPOUT; PROCEDURES; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERNET; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MOTIVATION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT DROPOUTS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84962129743     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14388871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5352     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Spek V, Cuijpers P, Nyklícek I, Riper H, Keyzer J, Pop V. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2007 Mar;37(3):319-328. [doi: 10.1017/S0033291706008944] [Medline: 17112400]
2. van Ballegooijen W, Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Karyotaki E, Andersson G, Smit JH, et al. Adherence to Internet-based and face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014;9(7):e100674 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100674] [Medline: 25029507]
3. Mausbach BT, Moore R, Roesch S, Cardenas V, Patterson TL. The relationship between homework compliance and therapy outcomes: an updated meta-analysis. Cognit Ther Res 2010 Oct;34(5):429-438 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1007/s10608-010-9297-z] [Medline: 20930925]
4. Hilvert-Bruce Z, Rossouw PJ, Wong N, Sunderland M, Andrews G. Adherence as a determinant of effectiveness of internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depressive disorders. Behav Res Ther 2012 Aug;50(7-8):463-468. [doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.04.001] [Medline: 22659155]
5. Kelders SM, Kok RN, Ossebaard HC, Van Gemert-Pijnen JE. Persuasive system design does matter: a systematic review of adherence to web-based interventions. J Med Internet Res 2012;14(6):e152 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2104] [Medline: 23151820]
6. Donkin L, Christensen H, Naismith SL, Neal B, Hickie IB, Glozier N. A systematic review of the impact of adherence on the effectiveness of e-therapies. J Med Internet Res 2011;13(3):e52 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1772] [Medline: 21821503]
7. Høifødt RS, Mittner M, Lillevoll K, Katla SK, Kolstrup N, Eisemann M, et al. Predictors of response to Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with high-intensity face-to-face therapist guidance for depression: a Bayesian analysis. J Med Internet Res 2015;17(9):e197 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.4351] [Medline: 26333818]
8. Titov N, Dear BF, Johnston L, McEvoy PM, Wootton B, Terides MD, et al. Improving adherence and clinical outcomes in self-guided internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a 12-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2014;9(2):e89591 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089591] [Medline: 24586897]
9. Alfonsson S, Olsson E, Hursti T. The effects of therapist support and treatment presentation on the clinical outcomes of an Internet based applied relaxation program. Internet Interventions 2015 Sep;2(3):289-296. [doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2015.07.005]
10. Button KS, Wiles NJ, Lewis G, Peters TJ, Kessler D. Factors associated with differential response to online cognitive behavioural therapy. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012 May;47(5):827-833. [doi: 10.1007/s00127-011-0389-1] [Medline: 21541696]
11. Ritterband LM, Thorndike FP, Cox DJ, Kovatchev BP, Gonder-Frederick LA. A behavior change model for internet interventions. Ann Behav Med 2009 Aug;38(1):18-27 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9133-4] [Medline: 19802647]
12. Mohr DC, Cuijpers P, Lehman K. Supportive accountability: a model for providing human support to enhance adherence to eHealth interventions. J Med Internet Res 2011;13(1):e30 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1602] [Medline: 21393123]
13. Eysenbach G. The law of attrition. J Med Internet Res 2005;7(1):e11 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.7.1.e11] [Medline: 15829473]
14. Kazdin AE. Mediators and mechanisms of change in psychotherapy research. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2007;3:1-27. [doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091432] [Medline: 17716046]
15. Dunn G, Maracy M, Dowrick C, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Dalgard OS, Page H, et al. Estimating psychological treatment effects from a randomised controlled trial with both non-compliance and loss to follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 2003 Oct;183:323-331 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 14519610]
16. Donkin L, Hickie IB, Christensen H, Naismith SL, Neal B, Cockayne NL, et al. Rethinking the dose-response relationship between usage and outcome in an online intervention for depression: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2013 Oct;15(10):e231 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2771] [Medline: 24135213]
17. Deci EL, Ryan RM. Self-determination theory. In: Van Lange P, Kruglanski A, Higgins T, editors. Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology. London: SAGE Publication; 2011:416-438.
18. Ryan RM, Patrick H, Deci EL, Williams GC. Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory. Eur Health Psychologist 2008;10(1):2-5.
19. Ryan RM, Deci EL. A self-determination theory approach to psychotherapy: the motivational basis for effective change. Can Psychol 2008;49(3):2753.
20. Melville KM, Casey LM, Kavanagh DJ. Dropout from Internet-based treatment for psychological disorders. Br J Clin Psychol 2010 Nov;49(Pt 4):455-471. [doi: 10.1348/014466509X472138] [Medline: 19799804]
21. El Alaoui S, Ljótsson B, Hedman E, Kaldo V, Andersson E, Rück C, et al. Predictors of symptomatic change and adherence in Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder in routine psychiatric care. PLoS One 2015;10(4):e0124258 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124258] [Medline: 25893687]
22. Karyotaki E, Kleiboer A, Smit F, Turner DT, Pastor AM, Andersson G, et al. Predictors of treatment dropout in self-guided web-based interventions for depression: an 'individual patient data' meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2015 Oct;45(13):2717-2726. [doi: 10.1017/S0033291715000665] [Medline: 25881626]
23. Boyd J, Zimbardo P. Time perspective, health, and risk taking. In: Strathman A, Joireman J, editors. Understanding Behavior in the Context of Time: Theory, Research, and Application. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2005:85-107.
24. Daugherty JR, Brase GL. Taking time to be healthy: predicting health behaviors with delay discounting and time perspective. Pers Indiv Differ 2010 Jan 16;48(2):202-207. [doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.10.007]
25. Vangberg HCB, Lillevoll KR, Waterloo K, Eisemann M. Does personality predict depression and use of an Internet-based intervention for depression among adolescents? Depress Res Treat 2012;2012:593068 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1155/2012/593068] [Medline: 22928095]
26. Wills TA, Sandy JM, Yaeger AM. Time perspective and early-onset substance use: a model based on stress-coping theory. Psychol Addict Behav 2001 Jun;15(2):118-125. [Medline: 11419227]
27. Henson JM, Carey MP, Carey KB, Maisto SA. Associations among health behaviors and time perspective in young adults: model testing with boot-strapping replication. J Behav Med 2006 Apr;29(2):127-137 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1007/s10865-005-9027-2] [Medline: 16421652]
28. Jurado MB, Rosselli M. The elusive nature of executive functions: a review of our current understanding. Neuropsychol Rev 2007 Sep;17(3):213-233. [doi: 10.1007/s11065-007-9040-z] [Medline: 17786559]
29. Wittmann M, Paulus MP. Decision making, impulsivity and time perception. Trends Cogn Sci 2008 Jan;12(1):7-12. [doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.10.004] [Medline: 18042423]
30. Teuscher U, Mitchell S. The Psychological Record. 2011 Oct 11. Relation between time perspective and delay discounting: a literature review URL: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/tpr/vol61/iss4/7 [accessed 2015-11-18] [WebCite Cache ID 6d7wD4sfq]
31. Kaptchuk TJ, Friedlander E, Kelley JM, Sanchez MN, Kokkotou E, Singer JP, et al. Placebos without deception: a randomized controlled trial in irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One 2010;5(12):e15591 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015591] [Medline: 21203519]
32. McQueen D, Cohen S, St John-Smith P, Rampes H. Rethinking placebo in psychiatry: how and why placebo effects occur. Adv Psychiat T 2013 May 01;19(3):171-180. [doi: 10.1192/apt.bp.112.010405]
33. Carlbring P, Björnstjerna E, Bergström AF, Waara J, Andersson G. Applied relaxation: an experimental analogue study of therapist vs. computer administration. Comput Hum Behav 2007 Jan;23(1):2-10. [doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.032]
34. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 1983 Dec;24(4):385-396. [Medline: 6668417]
35. Lee E. Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2012 Dec;6(4):121-127 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2012.08.004] [Medline: 25031113]
36. Carelli M, Wiberg B, Wiberg M. Development and construct validation of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Eur J Psychol Assess 2011 Jan;27(4):220-227. [doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000076]
37. Zimbardo P, Boyd J. Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individual-differences metric. J Pers Soc Psychol 1999;77(6):1271-1288. [doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1271]
38. D'alessio M, Guarino A, De Pascalis V, Zimbardo P. Testing Zimbardo's Stanford Time Perspective Inventory (STPI)-short form an Italian study. Time Soc 2003;12(2):333-347 doi.10.1177/0961463X030122010. [doi: 10.1177/0961463X030122010]
39. Crockett RA, Weinman J, Hankins M, Marteau T. Time orientation and health-related behaviour: measurement in general population samples. Psychol Health 2009 Mar;24(3):333-350 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1080/08870440701813030] [Medline: 20204997]
40. Borkovec T, Nau S. Credibility of analogue therapy rationales. J Behav Ther Exp Psy 1972 Dec;3(4):257-260. [doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(72)90045-6]
41. Deci E, Ryan R. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum Press; 1985.
42. Levesque CS, Williams GC, Elliot D, Pickering MA, Bodenhamer B, Finley PJ. Validating the theoretical structure of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) across three different health behaviors. Health Educ Res 2007 Oct;22(5):691-702 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1093/her/cyl148] [Medline: 17138613]
43. McAuley E, Duncan T, Tammen VV. Psychometric properties of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory in a competitive sport setting: a confirmatory factor analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport 1989 Mar;60(1):48-58. [doi: 10.1080/02701367.1989.10607413] [Medline: 2489825]
44. Markland D, Hardy L. On the factorial and construct validity of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory: conceptual and operational concerns. Res Q Exerc Sport 1997 Mar;68(1):20-32. [doi: 10.1080/02701367.1997.10608863] [Medline: 9094760]
45. Hatcher R, Gillaspy J. Development and validation of a revised short version of the working alliance inventory. Psychother Res 2006 Jan;16(1):12-25. [doi: 10.1080/10503300500352500]
46. Munder T, Wilmers F, Leonhart R, Linster HW, Barth J. Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised (WAI-SR): psychometric properties in outpatients and inpatients. Clin Psychol Psychother 2010;17(3):231-239. [doi: 10.1002/cpp.658] [Medline: 20013760]
47. Bauer S, Lambert MJ, Nielsen SL. Clinical significance methods: a comparison of statistical techniques. J Pers Assess 2004 Feb;82(1):60-70. [doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8201-11] [Medline: 14979835]
48. de Graaf LE, Hollon SD, Huibers MJ. Predicting outcome in computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2010 Apr;78(2):184-189. [doi: 10.1037/a0018324] [Medline: 20350029]
49. Cugelman B. Gamification: what it is and why it matters to digital health behavior change developers. JMIR Serious Games 2013;1(1):e3 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/games.3139] [Medline: 25658754]
50. Clarke G, Eubanks D, Reid E, Kelleher C, O'Connor E, DeBar LL, et al. Overcoming Depression on the Internet (ODIN) (2): a randomized trial of a self-help depression skills program with reminders. J Med Internet Res 2005;7(2):e16 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.7.2.e16] [Medline: 15998607]
51. Rozental A, Boettcher J, Andersson G, Schmidt B, Carlbring P. Negative effects of internet interventions: a qualitative content analysis of patients' experiences with treatments delivered online. Cogn Behav Ther 2015;44(3):223-236. [doi: 10.1080/16506073.2015.1008033] [Medline: 25705924]
52. Zur O, Williams M, Lehavot K, Knapp S. Psychotherapist self-disclosure and transparency in the Internet age. Prof Psychol-Res Pr 2009;40(1):22-30. [doi: 10.1037/a0014745]
53. Barak A. Emotional support and suicide prevention through the Internet: a field project report. Comput Hum Behav 2007 Mar;23(2):971-984. [doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2005.08.001]
54. Paxling B, Lundgren S, Norman A, Almlöv J, Carlbring P, Cuijpers P, et al. Therapist behaviours in internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy: analyses of e-mail correspondence in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother 2013 May;41(3):280-289. [doi: 10.1017/S1352465812000240] [Medline: 22717145]
55. Cavanagh K. Turn on, tune in and (don't) drop out: engagement, adherence, attrition, and alliance with internet-based interventions. In: Bennett-Levy J, Richards D, Farrand P, editors. Oxford Guide to Low Intensity CBT Interventions. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010:227-233.
56. Anderson RE, Spence SH, Donovan CL, March S, Prosser S, Kenardy J. Working alliance in online cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders in youth: comparison with clinic delivery and its role in predicting outcome. J Med Internet Res 2012;14(3):e88 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1848] [Medline: 22789657]
57. Andersson G, Paxling B, Wiwe M, Vernmark K, Felix CB, Lundborg L, et al. Therapeutic alliance in guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioural treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther 2012 Sep;50(9):544-550. [doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.003] [Medline: 22728647]
58. Kelders SM, Bohlmeijer ET, Van Gemert-Pijnen JE. Participants, usage, and use patterns of a web-based intervention for the prevention of depression within a randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2013;15(8):e172 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2258] [Medline: 23963284]
59. Johansson O, Michel T, Andersson G, Paxling B. Experiences of non-adherence to Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy: a qualitative study. Internet Interv 2015 May;2(2):137-142. [doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2015.02.006]
60. Van Gemert-Pijnen JE, Kelders SM, Bohlmeijer ET. Understanding the usage of content in a mental health intervention for depression: an analysis of log data. J Med Internet Res 2014;16(1):e27 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2991] [Medline: 24486914]
61. Johansson R, Sjöberg E, Sjögren M, Johnsson E, Carlbring P, Andersson T, et al. Tailored vs. standardized internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for depression and comorbid symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2012;7(5):e36905 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036905] [Medline: 22615841]